{"version":"2026-07-01","name":"Visa Atlas skilled-migration planning accessibility index","description":"A source-linked 2026 index scoring tracked skilled and skilled-adjacent migration routes by planning accessibility: sunk cost, proof-of-funds exposure, salary floor, processing-clock transparency, sponsor requirement, settlement path and source freshness.","license":"CC BY 4.0","attribution":"Visa Atlas","sourceDatasets":["/api/public/cost-to-complete","/api/public/processing-reliability","/api/public/salary-thresholds","/api/public/visas"],"methodology":{"scoreMax":100,"components":[{"id":"sunkCost","maxPoints":20,"description":"Lower mandatory non-refundable applicant cost scores higher, using approximate USD only for cross-currency ordering."},{"id":"refundableFunds","maxPoints":15,"description":"Lower proof-of-funds, blocked-account or settlement-funds exposure scores higher; no tracked refundable requirement receives full points."},{"id":"salaryFloor","maxPoints":15,"description":"Lower route-specific salary or income floors score higher. Routes with no tracked floor receive high credit; missing salary mapping receives partial credit."},{"id":"processingReliability","maxPoints":20,"description":"Uses one fifth of the processing-time planning reliability score, rewarding more transparent official decision clocks."},{"id":"sponsorFlexibility","maxPoints":15,"description":"Unsponsored routes score higher because applicants can plan without first obtaining a licensed employer or sponsor."},{"id":"settlementPath","maxPoints":10,"description":"Routes that can lead to settlement or permanent residence score higher for long-term planning accessibility."},{"id":"sourceFreshness","maxPoints":5,"description":"Rows whose oldest underlying source review is within 45 days of the index version receive full data-confidence credit."}],"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility index, not a route recommendation and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","The index covers tracked Visa Atlas cost-to-complete models, not every immigration route in each destination.","A high score means lower planning friction in the tracked dimensions; applicants still need to meet the route rules and source documents."]},"summary":{"count":30,"averageScore":67,"gradeCounts":{"more-accessible":3,"balanced":18,"complex":6,"high-friction":3},"unsponsoredCount":11,"settlementPathCount":24,"salaryMappedCount":20,"processingMappedCount":28,"medianSunkUsdMax":2146,"medianRefundableUsdMax":10722},"mostAccessible":[{"id":"de-chancenkarte","destinationIso":"de","destinationName":"Germany","destinationSlug":"germany","visaSlug":"chancenkarte","visaName":"Chancenkarte (Germany Opportunity Card)","category":"work-unsponsored","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/germany/chancenkarte","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/germany-chancenkarte","processingPath":"/processing-times/germany/chancenkarte","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/germany","sunkCost":{"localMin":551,"localMax":1115,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":628,"approxUsdMax":1270,"localLabel":"€551-€1,115","approxUsdLabel":"$628-$1,270"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":13092,"localMax":13092,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":14917,"approxUsdMax":14917,"localLabel":"€13,092","approxUsdLabel":"$14,917"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Chancenkarte (Opportunity Card) — points-based","amountLocal":0,"currency":"EUR","basis":"annual","approxUsd":0,"description":"Chancenkarte does not set an initial salary floor. A job offer meeting the relevant skilled-worker floor converts the card into a residence title.","effectiveFrom":"2024-06-01","sourceName":"Make it in Germany — Chancenkarte","sourceUrl":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/opportunity-card"},"salaryThresholdCount":1,"processingReliability":{"score":75,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"4 weeks – 3 months","sourceName":"Make-it-in-Germany — Opportunity Card","sourceUrl":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/opportunity-card","lastChecked":"2026-06-22"},"score":89,"grade":"more-accessible","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":17,"refundableFunds":12,"salaryFloor":15,"processingReliability":15,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Make it in Germany — Opportunity Card (Federal Government info portal)","url":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/opportunity-card"},{"label":"Make it in Germany — Opportunity Card questions and answers (financial proof, work rules)","url":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/opportunity-card/questions-answers"},{"label":"Residence Act §20a/§20b with points annex — official consolidated law text","url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/aufenthg_2004/__20a.html"},{"label":"Anabin — Database of recognised foreign qualifications","url":"https://anabin.kmk.org/anabin.html"},{"label":"Auswärtiges Amt — Online application portal","url":"https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte"},{"label":"Make it in Germany — Self-Check Opportunity Card (points calculator)","url":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/opportunity-card/self-check"},{"label":"Auswärtiges Amt — visa fees","url":"https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/visa-service"},{"label":"Blocked-account providers (Fintiba / Expatrio)","url":"https://www.fintiba.com/blocked-account/"},{"label":"KMK — Zentralstelle für ausländisches Bildungswesen (ZAB)","url":"https://www.kmk.org/zab/statement-of-comparability/fees.html"},{"label":"Goethe-Institut — exam fees","url":"https://www.goethe.de/en/spr/prf.html"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-22","oldestSourceAgeDays":9,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"ca-express-entry-cec","destinationIso":"ca","destinationName":"Canada","destinationSlug":"canada","visaSlug":"express-entry-cec","visaName":"Express Entry — Canadian Experience Class (CEC)","category":"skilled-migration","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/canada/express-entry-cec","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/canada-express-entry-cec","processingPath":"/processing-times/canada/express-entry-cec","salaryPath":null,"sunkCost":{"localMin":2075,"localMax":3005,"currency":"CAD","approxUsdMin":1458,"approxUsdMax":2111,"localLabel":"CA$2,075-CA$3,005","approxUsdLabel":"$1,458-$2,111"},"refundableFunds":null,"lowestSalaryThreshold":null,"salaryThresholdCount":0,"processingReliability":{"score":75,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"5 months – 7 months","sourceName":"IRCC — Check processing times","sourceUrl":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":83,"grade":"more-accessible","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":13,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":15,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"IRCC — Canadian Experience Class","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/eligibility/canadian-experience-class.html"},{"label":"IRCC - submit an Express Entry profile","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/submit-profile.html"},{"label":"IRCC - citizenship and immigration application fees","url":"https://ircc.canada.ca/english/information/fees/fees.asp"},{"label":"IRCC - Express Entry language test results","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-requirements.html"},{"label":"IRCC - Express Entry proof of funds","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/proof-funds.html"},{"label":"IRCC - apply for permanent residence through Express Entry","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/apply-permanent-residence.html"},{"label":"IRCC — Check processing times","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"pt-d8-digital-nomad","destinationIso":"pt","destinationName":"Portugal","destinationSlug":"portugal","visaSlug":"d8-digital-nomad","visaName":"D8 visa (digital nomad / remote work)","category":"digital-nomad","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/portugal/d8-digital-nomad","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/portugal-d8-digital-nomad","processingPath":"/processing-times/portugal/d8-digital-nomad","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/portugal","sunkCost":{"localMin":420,"localMax":1040,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":479,"approxUsdMax":1185,"localLabel":"€420-€1,040","approxUsdLabel":"$479-$1,185"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":11040,"localMax":11040,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":12579,"approxUsdMax":12579,"localLabel":"€11,040","approxUsdLabel":"$12,579"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"D8 (Digital Nomad) — remote-work income","amountLocal":44160,"currency":"EUR","basis":"annual","approxUsd":47700,"description":"Minimum annual remote-work income for the D8 Digital Nomad Visa, indexed at 4× the Portuguese national minimum wage (€920/month from 1 January 2026, i.e. €3,680/month).","effectiveFrom":"2026-01-01","sourceName":"AIMA — Residence visas","sourceUrl":"https://aima.gov.pt/en"},"salaryThresholdCount":1,"processingReliability":{"score":75,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"2 months – 4 months","sourceName":"Portuguese Consulate network — National visas","sourceUrl":"https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/national-visas/necessary-documentation/residency","lastChecked":"2026-06-22"},"score":81,"grade":"more-accessible","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":17,"refundableFunds":12,"salaryFloor":7,"processingReliability":15,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"VistosMNE — Digital nomads (D8)","url":"https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/national-visas/necessary-documentation/residency"},{"label":"VistosMNE - national visa fees","url":"https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/national-visas/general-information/fees"},{"label":"AIMA - residence-permit services","url":"https://aima.gov.pt/en"},{"label":"VistosMNE - national visa travel insurance","url":"https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/national-visas/necessary-documentation/travel-insurance"},{"label":"Portugal ePortugal - tax identification number","url":"https://eportugal.gov.pt/en/servicos/pedir-o-numero-de-identificacao-fiscal-para-pessoa-singular"},{"label":"VistosMNE - external service providers","url":"https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/national-visas/external-service-providers"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"uk-health-and-care-worker","destinationIso":"uk","destinationName":"United Kingdom","destinationSlug":"uk","visaSlug":"health-and-care-worker","visaName":"Health and Care Worker visa","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/uk/health-and-care-worker","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/uk-health-and-care-worker","processingPath":"/processing-times/uk/health-and-care-worker","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/uk","sunkCost":{"localMin":324,"localMax":444,"currency":"GBP","approxUsdMin":428,"approxUsdMax":587,"localLabel":"£324-£444","approxUsdLabel":"$428-$587"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":1270,"localMax":1270,"currency":"GBP","approxUsdMin":1679,"approxUsdMax":1679,"localLabel":"£1,270","approxUsdLabel":"$1,679"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Skilled Worker — Health and Care Worker / education national pay-scale","amountLocal":25000,"currency":"GBP","basis":"annual","approxUsd":29500,"description":"Applies to Health and Care Worker roles and to school-teacher roles on national pay-scales; the absolute floor rose to £25,000 on 9 April 2025. Going rate is set by reference to the NHS Agenda for Change bands or the relevant teacher pay-scale.","effectiveFrom":"2025-04-09","sourceName":"GOV.UK — Health and Care Worker","sourceUrl":"https://www.gov.uk/health-care-worker-visa"},"salaryThresholdCount":2,"processingReliability":{"score":85,"grade":"strong","decisionWindow":"2 weeks – 3 weeks","sourceName":"GOV.UK — Health and Care Worker visa","sourceUrl":"https://www.gov.uk/health-care-worker-visa","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":79,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":17,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":17,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"GOV.UK — Health and Care Worker visa","url":"https://www.gov.uk/health-care-worker-visa"},{"label":"GOV.UK - Health and Care Worker visa: money to support yourself","url":"https://www.gov.uk/health-care-worker-visa/how-much-it-costs"},{"label":"Home Office immigration and nationality fees - 8 April 2026","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/visa-regulations-revised-table/home-office-immigration-and-nationality-fees-8-april-2026"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-05-30","oldestSourceAgeDays":32,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"ca-express-entry-fsw","destinationIso":"ca","destinationName":"Canada","destinationSlug":"canada","visaSlug":"express-entry-fsw","visaName":"Express Entry — Federal Skilled Worker (FSW)","category":"skilled-migration","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/canada/express-entry-fsw","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/canada-express-entry-fsw","processingPath":"/processing-times/canada/express-entry-fsw","salaryPath":null,"sunkCost":{"localMin":2275,"localMax":3055,"currency":"CAD","approxUsdMin":1598,"approxUsdMax":2146,"localLabel":"CA$2,275-CA$3,055","approxUsdLabel":"$1,598-$2,146"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":15263,"localMax":15263,"currency":"CAD","approxUsdMin":10722,"approxUsdMax":10722,"localLabel":"CA$15,263","approxUsdLabel":"$10,722"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":null,"salaryThresholdCount":0,"processingReliability":{"score":67,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"5 months – 8 months","sourceName":"IRCC — Check processing times","sourceUrl":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":78,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":13,"refundableFunds":12,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":13,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"IRCC — Federal Skilled Worker Program","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/eligibility/federal-skilled-workers.html"},{"label":"IRCC - citizenship and immigration application fees","url":"https://ircc.canada.ca/english/information/fees/fees.asp"},{"label":"IRCC - Express Entry proof of funds","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/proof-funds.html"},{"label":"IRCC - Express Entry language test results","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-test.html"},{"label":"IRCC - Express Entry education credential assessment","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/education-assessment.html"},{"label":"IRCC - apply for permanent residence through Express Entry","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/apply-permanent-residence.html"},{"label":"IRCC — Check processing times","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"ca-express-entry-fst","destinationIso":"ca","destinationName":"Canada","destinationSlug":"canada","visaSlug":"express-entry-fst","visaName":"Express Entry — Federal Skilled Trades (FST)","category":"skilled-migration","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/canada/express-entry-fst","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/canada-express-entry-fst","processingPath":"/processing-times/canada/express-entry-fst","salaryPath":null,"sunkCost":{"localMin":2075,"localMax":4005,"currency":"CAD","approxUsdMin":1458,"approxUsdMax":2813,"localLabel":"CA$2,075-CA$4,005","approxUsdLabel":"$1,458-$2,813"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":15263,"localMax":15263,"currency":"CAD","approxUsdMin":10722,"approxUsdMax":10722,"localLabel":"CA$15,263","approxUsdLabel":"$10,722"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":null,"salaryThresholdCount":0,"processingReliability":{"score":67,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"5 months – 8 months","sourceName":"IRCC — Check processing times","sourceUrl":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html","lastChecked":"2026-07-01"},"score":78,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":13,"refundableFunds":12,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":13,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"IRCC — Federal Skilled Trades Program","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/federal-skilled-trades.html"},{"label":"IRCC - submit an Express Entry profile","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/submit-profile.html"},{"label":"IRCC - citizenship and immigration application fees","url":"https://ircc.canada.ca/english/information/fees/fees.asp"},{"label":"IRCC - Express Entry proof of funds","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/proof-funds.html"},{"label":"IRCC - apply for permanent residence through Express Entry","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/apply-permanent-residence.html"},{"label":"IRCC — Check processing times","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":0,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"de-eu-blue-card","destinationIso":"de","destinationName":"Germany","destinationSlug":"germany","visaSlug":"eu-blue-card","visaName":"EU Blue Card (Germany)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/germany/eu-blue-card","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/germany-eu-blue-card","processingPath":"/processing-times/germany/eu-blue-card","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/germany","sunkCost":{"localMin":185,"localMax":355,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":211,"approxUsdMax":404,"localLabel":"€185-€355","approxUsdLabel":"$211-$404"},"refundableFunds":null,"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"EU Blue Card — shortage occupations (Engpassberufe)","amountLocal":45934,"currency":"EUR","basis":"annual","approxUsd":47000,"description":"Reduced salary floor for shortage occupations (IT, engineers, doctors, mathematicians, natural scientists), precisely €45,934.20 for 2026. Applies at ~45.3% of the pension-contribution ceiling.","effectiveFrom":"2026-01-01","sourceName":"Make it in Germany — EU Blue Card","sourceUrl":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card"},"salaryThresholdCount":2,"processingReliability":{"score":75,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"4 weeks – 3 months","sourceName":"Make-it-in-Germany - EU Blue Card","sourceUrl":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card","lastChecked":"2026-06-22"},"score":77,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":20,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":7,"processingReliability":15,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Make it in Germany — EU Blue Card","url":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card"},{"label":"Federal Foreign Office — EU Blue Card FAQ","url":"https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/visa-service/buergerservice/faq/02a-what-is-the-blue-card/606754"},{"label":"Auswaertiges Amt - visa fees","url":"https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/visa-service/-/215870"},{"label":"Gesetze im Internet - Aufenthaltsverordnung section 45","url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/aufenthv/__45.html"},{"label":"anabin - foreign education certificate database","url":"https://anabin.kmk.org/anabin.html"},{"label":"ZAB - Statement of Comparability fees","url":"https://www.kmk.org/zab/statement-of-comparability/fees.html"},{"label":"Make it in Germany - health insurance","url":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/living-in-germany/money-insurance/health-insurance"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-22","oldestSourceAgeDays":9,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"au-subclass-189-skilled-independent","destinationIso":"au","destinationName":"Australia","destinationSlug":"australia","visaSlug":"subclass-189-skilled-independent","visaName":"Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189)","category":"skilled-migration","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/australia/subclass-189-skilled-independent","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/australia-189-skilled-independent","processingPath":"/processing-times/australia/subclass-189-skilled-independent","salaryPath":null,"sunkCost":{"localMin":7501,"localMax":8705,"currency":"AUD","approxUsdMin":5166,"approxUsdMax":5995,"localLabel":"A$7,501-A$8,705","approxUsdLabel":"$5,166-$5,995"},"refundableFunds":null,"lowestSalaryThreshold":null,"salaryThresholdCount":0,"processingReliability":{"score":61,"grade":"watch","decisionWindow":"6 months – 12 months","sourceName":"Home Affairs — Global visa processing times","sourceUrl":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-processing-times/global-visa-processing-times","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":75,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":8,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":12,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Department of Home Affairs — Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189)","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189"},{"label":"Home Affairs - current visa pricing table","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/fees-and-charges/current-visa-pricing"},{"label":"Home Affairs - skills assessment requirement","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/skills-assessment"},{"label":"Home Affairs - English language visa requirements","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/english-language"},{"label":"Home Affairs - health requirement","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/health"},{"label":"Home Affairs - character requirements for visas","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/character"},{"label":"Home Affairs - biometrics","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/biometrics"},{"label":"Home Affairs — Global visa processing times","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-processing-times/global-visa-processing-times"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"us-tn","destinationIso":"us","destinationName":"United States","destinationSlug":"us","visaSlug":"tn","visaName":"TN USMCA Professionals (Canada & Mexico)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"routePath":"/visas/us/tn","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/us-tn","processingPath":"/processing-times/us/tn","salaryPath":null,"sunkCost":{"localMin":80,"localMax":80,"currency":"USD","approxUsdMin":80,"approxUsdMax":80,"localLabel":"US$80","approxUsdLabel":"$80"},"refundableFunds":null,"lowestSalaryThreshold":null,"salaryThresholdCount":0,"processingReliability":{"score":80,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"1 days – 4 weeks","sourceName":"USCIS - TN USMCA Professionals","sourceUrl":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/tn-usmca-professionals","lastChecked":"2026-07-01"},"score":73,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":20,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":16,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":2,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"USCIS - TN USMCA Professionals","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/tn-usmca-professionals"},{"label":"8 CFR 214.6","url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-8/section-214.6"},{"label":"8 CFR 103.7(d)(11)","url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-8/section-103.7"},{"label":"Federal Register - CBP Immigration Fees Required by HR-1","url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/28/2025-16453/cbp-immigration-fees-required-by-hr-1-for-fiscal-year-2025"},{"label":"U.S. Department of State - Fees for Visa Services","url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/visa-information-resources/fees/fees-visa-services.html"},{"label":"USCIS - Form G-1055 fee schedule","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/g-1055"},{"label":"USCIS - Premium processing","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/forms/all-forms/how-do-i-request-premium-processing"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":0,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"at-red-white-red-card","destinationIso":"at","destinationName":"Austria","destinationSlug":"austria","visaSlug":"red-white-red-card","visaName":"Red-White-Red Card (Rot-Weiß-Rot-Karte)","category":"skilled-migration","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/austria/red-white-red-card","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/austria-red-white-red-card","processingPath":"/processing-times/austria/red-white-red-card","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/austria","sunkCost":{"localMin":228,"localMax":363,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":260,"approxUsdMax":414,"localLabel":"€228-€363","approxUsdLabel":"$260-$414"},"refundableFunds":null,"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Red-White-Red Card - shortage occupation collective-pay test","amountLocal":0,"currency":"EUR","basis":"annual","approxUsd":0,"description":"No single published salary number for the shortage-occupation skilled-worker route. The job offer must pay at least the minimum legal or collective-agreement remuneration for the occupation.","effectiveFrom":"2026-06-27","sourceName":"Migration.gv.at - Skilled Workers in Shortage Occupations","sourceUrl":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/skilled-workers-in-shortage-occupations/"},"salaryThresholdCount":1,"processingReliability":{"score":15,"grade":"opaque","decisionWindow":"Not centrally published","sourceName":"Migration.gv.at - Skilled Workers in Shortage Occupations","sourceUrl":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/skilled-workers-in-shortage-occupations/","lastChecked":"2026-06-27"},"score":73,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":20,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":15,"processingReliability":3,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"migration.gv.at - Permanent immigration: Red-White-Red Card","url":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/"},{"label":"migration.gv.at - Skilled Workers in Shortage Occupations","url":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/skilled-workers-in-shortage-occupations/"},{"label":"migration.gv.at - Other Key Workers","url":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/other-key-workers/"},{"label":"migration.gv.at - Red-White-Red Card plus","url":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/redwhiteredcardplus/"},{"label":"migration.gv.at - Family reunification","url":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/family-reunification/"},{"label":"AMS - Red-White-Red Card points calculator","url":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/service-and-links/points-calculator/"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-27","oldestSourceAgeDays":4,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]}],"highestFriction":[{"id":"sg-s-pass","destinationIso":"sg","destinationName":"Singapore","destinationSlug":"singapore","visaSlug":"s-pass","visaName":"S Pass","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"routePath":"/visas/singapore/s-pass","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/singapore-s-pass","processingPath":null,"salaryPath":null,"sunkCost":{"localMin":16405,"localMax":18205,"currency":"SGD","approxUsdMin":12669,"approxUsdMax":14059,"localLabel":"SGD 16,405-SGD 18,205","approxUsdLabel":"$12,669-$14,059"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":39600,"localMax":45600,"currency":"SGD","approxUsdMin":30582,"approxUsdMax":35215,"localLabel":"SGD 39,600-SGD 45,600","approxUsdLabel":"$30,582-$35,215"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":null,"salaryThresholdCount":0,"processingReliability":null,"score":32,"grade":"high-friction","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":1,"refundableFunds":4,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":5,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":2,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"MOM — S Pass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/s-pass/eligibility"},{"label":"MOM — Apply for an S Pass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/s-pass/apply-for-a-pass"},{"label":"MOM — S Pass quota and levy","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/s-pass/quota-and-levy/levy-and-quota-requirements"},{"label":"MOM — S Pass medical insurance","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/s-pass/medical-insurance"},{"label":"MOM - S Pass documents required","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/s-pass/documents-required"},{"label":"MOM - Apply for a Dependant's Pass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/dependants-pass/apply-for-a-pass"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":0,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"us-h-1b","destinationIso":"us","destinationName":"United States","destinationSlug":"us","visaSlug":"h-1b","visaName":"H-1B Specialty Occupation","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"routePath":"/visas/us/h-1b","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/us-h-1b","processingPath":"/processing-times/us/h-1b","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/us","sunkCost":{"localMin":3595,"localMax":3595,"currency":"USD","approxUsdMin":3595,"approxUsdMax":3595,"localLabel":"US$3,595","approxUsdLabel":"$3,595"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":62000,"localMax":150000,"currency":"USD","approxUsdMin":62000,"approxUsdMax":150000,"localLabel":"US$62,000-US$150,000","approxUsdLabel":"$62,000-$150,000"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"H-1B — Level 1 prevailing wage (median across SOC codes)","amountLocal":62000,"currency":"USD","basis":"annual","approxUsd":62000,"description":"Typical Level 1 prevailing wage across SOC codes for entry-level roles, per DOL's FLC wage library. Actual floor varies by MSA and SOC — check the FLC tool for your specific role and location.","effectiveFrom":"2024-07-01","sourceName":"DOL — Foreign Labor Certification wage search","sourceUrl":"https://flag.dol.gov/wage-data/wage-search"},"salaryThresholdCount":2,"processingReliability":{"score":61,"grade":"watch","decisionWindow":"2 months – 8 months","sourceName":"USCIS — Case Processing Times","sourceUrl":"https://egov.uscis.gov/processing-times/","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":34,"grade":"high-friction","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":8,"refundableFunds":1,"salaryFloor":3,"processingReliability":12,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":2,"sourceFreshness":3},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"USCIS — H-1B Specialty Occupations","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations"},{"label":"DOL — Labor Condition Application (LCA)","url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/eta/foreign-labor/programs/h-1b"},{"label":"USCIS - Form G-1055 fee schedule","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/g-1055"},{"label":"USCIS - H and L filing fees for Form I-129","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/forms/all-forms/h-and-l-filing-fees-for-form-i-129-petition-for-a-nonimmigrant-worker"},{"label":"U.S. Department of Labor - LCA program and prevailing wage","url":"https://flag.dol.gov/programs/LCA"},{"label":"USCIS - Form I-907 premium processing","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/i-907"},{"label":"U.S. Department of State - Temporary Worker Visas","url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/employment/temporary-worker-visas.html"},{"label":"USCIS — Case Processing Times","url":"https://egov.uscis.gov/processing-times/"},{"label":"DOL — Foreign Labor Certification wage search","url":"https://flag.dol.gov/wage-data/wage-search"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-04-20","oldestSourceAgeDays":72,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"au-subclass-186-ens","destinationIso":"au","destinationName":"Australia","destinationSlug":"australia","visaSlug":"subclass-186-ens","visaName":"Employer Nomination Scheme (subclass 186)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/australia/subclass-186-ens","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/australia-subclass-186-employer-nomination-scheme","processingPath":"/processing-times/australia/subclass-186-ens","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/australia","sunkCost":{"localMin":10496,"localMax":13050,"currency":"AUD","approxUsdMin":7229,"approxUsdMax":8988,"localLabel":"A$10,496-A$13,050","approxUsdLabel":"$7,229-$8,988"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":79423,"localMax":79423,"currency":"AUD","approxUsdMin":54699,"approxUsdMax":54699,"localLabel":"A$79,423","approxUsdLabel":"$54,699"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Employer Nomination Scheme (186) - CSIT and AMSR","amountLocal":79423,"currency":"AUD","basis":"annual","approxUsd":52300,"description":"ENS nominations lodged from 1 July 2026 to 30 June 2027 must meet the Core Skills Income Threshold of AUD 79,423 and the Annual Market Salary Rate unless a specific agreement or exemption changes the rule.","effectiveFrom":"2026-07-01","sourceName":"Home Affairs - salary requirements","sourceUrl":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/employing-and-sponsoring-someone/sponsoring-workers/nominating-a-position/salary-requirements"},"salaryThresholdCount":1,"processingReliability":{"score":61,"grade":"watch","decisionWindow":"6 months – 14 months","sourceName":"Home Affairs — Global visa processing times","sourceUrl":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-processing-times/global-visa-processing-times","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":47,"grade":"high-friction","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":4,"refundableFunds":4,"salaryFloor":7,"processingReliability":12,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Department of Home Affairs — ENS (subclass 186)","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/employer-nomination-scheme-186"},{"label":"Home Affairs - cost of sponsoring","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/employing-and-sponsoring-someone/sponsoring-workers/learn-about-sponsoring/cost-of-sponsoring"},{"label":"Home Affairs - current visa pricing table","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/fees-and-charges/current-visa-pricing"},{"label":"Home Affairs - salary requirements","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/employing-and-sponsoring-someone/sponsoring-workers/nominating-a-position/salary-requirements"},{"label":"Home Affairs - 186 Direct Entry stream","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/employer-nomination-scheme-186/direct-entry-stream"},{"label":"Home Affairs - 186 Temporary Residence Transition stream","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/employer-nomination-scheme-186/temporary-residence-transition-stream"},{"label":"Home Affairs - skills assessment requirement","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/skills-assessment"},{"label":"Home Affairs - English language visa requirements","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/english-language"},{"label":"Home Affairs - health requirement","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/health"},{"label":"Home Affairs - character requirements for visas","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/character"},{"label":"Home Affairs - biometrics","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/biometrics"},{"label":"Home Affairs — Global visa processing times","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-processing-times/global-visa-processing-times"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"fr-talent-passport-salaried","destinationIso":"fr","destinationName":"France","destinationSlug":"france","visaSlug":"talent-passport-salaried","visaName":"Talent Passport — Salaried Employee (Passeport Talent Salarié)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/france/talent-passport-salaried","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/france-talent-passport-salaried","processingPath":"/processing-times/france/talent-passport-salaried","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/france","sunkCost":{"localMin":358,"localMax":485,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":408,"approxUsdMax":553,"localLabel":"€358-€485","approxUsdLabel":"$408-$553"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":39582,"localMax":39582,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":45100,"approxUsdMax":45100,"localLabel":"€39,582","approxUsdLabel":"$45,100"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Passeport talent - salaried qualified employee","amountLocal":39582,"currency":"EUR","basis":"annual","approxUsd":42500,"description":"Gross annual remuneration floor for the salaried qualified Talent Passport category, verified on the Service-Public page reviewed 01 June 2026, alongside the qualifying diploma and employment-contract requirements.","effectiveFrom":"2026-06-01","sourceName":"Service-Public.fr - Passeport talent","sourceUrl":"https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922"},"salaryThresholdCount":1,"processingReliability":{"score":15,"grade":"opaque","decisionWindow":"Not centrally published","sourceName":"Service-Public.fr - Passeport talent","sourceUrl":"https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922","lastChecked":"2026-06-27"},"score":51,"grade":"complex","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":17,"refundableFunds":4,"salaryFloor":7,"processingReliability":3,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Service-Public.fr — Passeport talent","url":"https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922"},{"label":"France-Visas - official visa application","url":"https://www.france-visas.gouv.fr/en/demande-de-visa"},{"label":"ANEF - online residence procedures","url":"https://administration-etrangers-en-france.interieur.gouv.fr/particuliers/#/"},{"label":"Service-Public.fr - Passeport talent","url":"https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-27","oldestSourceAgeDays":4,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"au-subclass-482-tss","destinationIso":"au","destinationName":"Australia","destinationSlug":"australia","visaSlug":"subclass-482-tss","visaName":"Skills in Demand visa (subclass 482)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/australia/subclass-482-tss","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/australia-subclass-482-skills-in-demand","processingPath":"/processing-times/australia/subclass-482-tss","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/australia","sunkCost":{"localMin":10381,"localMax":13335,"currency":"AUD","approxUsdMin":7149,"approxUsdMax":9184,"localLabel":"A$10,381-A$13,335","approxUsdLabel":"$7,149-$9,184"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":79423,"localMax":79423,"currency":"AUD","approxUsdMin":54699,"approxUsdMax":54699,"localLabel":"A$79,423","approxUsdLabel":"$54,699"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Core Skills Income Threshold (CSIT, formerly TSMIT)","amountLocal":79423,"currency":"AUD","basis":"annual","approxUsd":52300,"description":"Absolute salary floor for subclass 482 Core Skills, 494 and 186 TRT nominations lodged from 1 July 2026 to 30 June 2027. Pay must also meet the Annual Market Salary Rate for the role.","effectiveFrom":"2026-07-01","sourceName":"Home Affairs - salary requirements","sourceUrl":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/employing-and-sponsoring-someone/sponsoring-workers/nominating-a-position/salary-requirements"},"salaryThresholdCount":3,"processingReliability":{"score":90,"grade":"strong","decisionWindow":"2 weeks – 8 weeks","sourceName":"Home Affairs — Global visa processing times","sourceUrl":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-processing-times/global-visa-processing-times","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":53,"grade":"complex","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":4,"refundableFunds":4,"salaryFloor":7,"processingReliability":18,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Department of Home Affairs — Skills in Demand visa","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482"},{"label":"Home Affairs - cost of sponsoring","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/employing-and-sponsoring-someone/sponsoring-workers/learn-about-sponsoring/cost-of-sponsoring"},{"label":"Home Affairs - current visa pricing table","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/fees-and-charges/current-visa-pricing"},{"label":"Home Affairs - salary requirements","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/employing-and-sponsoring-someone/sponsoring-workers/nominating-a-position/salary-requirements"},{"label":"Home Affairs - Skills in Demand visa streams","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream"},{"label":"Home Affairs - skills assessment requirement","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/skills-assessment"},{"label":"Home Affairs - English language visa requirements","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/english-language"},{"label":"Home Affairs - health requirement","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/health"},{"label":"Home Affairs - character requirements for visas","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/character"},{"label":"Home Affairs - biometrics","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/biometrics"},{"label":"Home Affairs — Global visa processing times","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-processing-times/global-visa-processing-times"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"dk-pay-limit-scheme","destinationIso":"dk","destinationName":"Denmark","destinationSlug":"denmark","visaSlug":"pay-limit-scheme","visaName":"Pay Limit Scheme (Beloebsordningen)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/denmark/pay-limit-scheme","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/denmark-pay-limit-scheme","processingPath":"/processing-times/denmark/pay-limit-scheme","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/denmark","sunkCost":{"localMin":6810,"localMax":7310,"currency":"DKK","approxUsdMin":1038,"approxUsdMax":1114,"localLabel":"DKK 6,810-DKK 7,310","approxUsdLabel":"$1,038-$1,114"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":552000,"localMax":552000,"currency":"DKK","approxUsdMin":84147,"approxUsdMax":84147,"localLabel":"DKK 552,000","approxUsdLabel":"$84,147"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Pay Limit Scheme salary floor","amountLocal":552000,"currency":"DKK","basis":"annual","approxUsd":80000,"description":"Minimum annual salary for applications under the Pay Limit Scheme in 2026. The job must normally be at least 30 hours per week, and the pay limit applies regardless of hours.","effectiveFrom":"2026-01-01","sourceName":"New to Denmark - Pay Limit Scheme","sourceUrl":"https://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-GB/You-want-to-apply/Work/Pay-limit-scheme"},"salaryThresholdCount":1,"processingReliability":{"score":75,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"4 weeks – 3 months","sourceName":"New to Denmark - Pay Limit Scheme","sourceUrl":"https://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-GB/You-want-to-apply/Work/Pay-limit-scheme","lastChecked":"2026-07-01"},"score":53,"grade":"complex","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":17,"refundableFunds":1,"salaryFloor":0,"processingReliability":15,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"New to Denmark — Pay Limit Scheme","url":"https://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-GB/You-want-to-apply/Work/Pay-limit-scheme"},{"label":"New to Denmark - accompanying family member to an employee","url":"https://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-GB/You-want-to-apply/Family/Accompanying-family-members/Accompanying-family---work"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":0,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"nl-highly-skilled-migrant","destinationIso":"nl","destinationName":"Netherlands","destinationSlug":"netherlands","visaSlug":"highly-skilled-migrant","visaName":"Highly Skilled Migrant (Kennismigrant)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/netherlands/highly-skilled-migrant","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/netherlands-highly-skilled-migrant","processingPath":"/processing-times/netherlands/highly-skilled-migrant","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/netherlands","sunkCost":{"localMin":2113,"localMax":2908,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":2408,"approxUsdMax":3313,"localLabel":"€2,113-€2,908","approxUsdLabel":"$2,408-$3,313"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":37464,"localMax":71304,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":42686,"approxUsdMax":81244,"localLabel":"€37,464-€71,304","approxUsdLabel":"$42,686-$81,244"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Orientation Year search — reduced rate","amountLocal":3122,"currency":"EUR","basis":"monthly","approxUsd":3350,"description":"Reduced rate for applicants transitioning from the Orientation Year / zoekjaar to a Highly Skilled Migrant permit within 3 years of graduation. IND page checked on 1 July 2026 still displayed the 2026 table and stated a 1 January-30 June validity window; refresh before filing if IND publishes a July update.","effectiveFrom":"2026-01-01","sourceName":"IND — Required amounts income requirements","sourceUrl":"https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements"},"salaryThresholdCount":3,"processingReliability":{"score":67,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"2 weeks – 3 months","sourceName":"IND — Decision periods","sourceUrl":"https://ind.nl/en/after-your-application/decision-periods","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":55,"grade":"complex","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":8,"refundableFunds":1,"salaryFloor":13,"processingReliability":13,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"IND — Highly Skilled Migrant","url":"https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant"},{"label":"IND - fees and costs of an application","url":"https://ind.nl/en/fees-costs-of-an-application"},{"label":"IND - required amounts income requirements","url":"https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements"},{"label":"Government of the Netherlands - standard health insurance","url":"https://www.government.nl/topics/health-insurance/standard-health-insurance"},{"label":"IND — Decision periods","url":"https://ind.nl/en/after-your-application/decision-periods"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"us-o-1","destinationIso":"us","destinationName":"United States","destinationSlug":"us","visaSlug":"o-1","visaName":"O-1 Individuals with Extraordinary Ability or Achievement","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"routePath":"/visas/us/o-1","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/us-o-1","processingPath":"/processing-times/us/o-1","salaryPath":null,"sunkCost":{"localMin":1655,"localMax":2155,"currency":"USD","approxUsdMin":1655,"approxUsdMax":2155,"localLabel":"US$1,655-US$2,155","approxUsdLabel":"$1,655-$2,155"},"refundableFunds":null,"lowestSalaryThreshold":null,"salaryThresholdCount":0,"processingReliability":{"score":61,"grade":"watch","decisionWindow":"2 months – 6 months","sourceName":"USCIS — Case Processing Times","sourceUrl":"https://egov.uscis.gov/processing-times/","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":62,"grade":"complex","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":13,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":12,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":2,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"USCIS — O-1 Visa: Individuals with Extraordinary Ability or Achievement","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/o-1-visa-individuals-with-extraordinary-ability-or-achievement"},{"label":"USCIS - Form G-1055 fee schedule","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/g-1055"},{"label":"USCIS - Premium processing","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/forms/all-forms/how-do-i-request-premium-processing"},{"label":"U.S. Department of State - Fees for Visa Services","url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/visa-information-resources/fees/fees-visa-services.html"},{"label":"USCIS — Case Processing Times","url":"https://egov.uscis.gov/processing-times/"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"nz-skilled-migrant-category","destinationIso":"nz","destinationName":"New Zealand","destinationSlug":"new-zealand","visaSlug":"skilled-migrant-category","visaName":"Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa","category":"skilled-migration","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/new-zealand/skilled-migrant-category","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/new-zealand-skilled-migrant-category","processingPath":"/processing-times/new-zealand/skilled-migrant-category","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/new-zealand","sunkCost":{"localMin":6810,"localMax":8925,"currency":"NZD","approxUsdMin":3853,"approxUsdMax":5050,"localLabel":"NZ$6,810-NZ$8,925","approxUsdLabel":"$3,853-$5,050"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":72800,"localMax":109200,"currency":"NZD","approxUsdMin":41194,"approxUsdMax":61791,"localLabel":"NZ$72,800-NZ$109,200","approxUsdLabel":"$41,194-$61,791"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"SMC skilled job - ANZSCO levels 1 to 3","amountLocal":35,"currency":"NZD","basis":"hourly","approxUsd":21,"description":"Minimum hourly pay for a skilled job or job offer at ANZSCO skill levels 1 to 3 under the SMC route page. INZ also uses NZD 52.50, NZD 70.00 and NZD 105.00 hourly bands for 1.5x, 2x and 3x median-wage income-point claims.","effectiveFrom":"2026-03-09","sourceName":"Immigration New Zealand - Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa","sourceUrl":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa/"},"salaryThresholdCount":2,"processingReliability":{"score":62,"grade":"watch","decisionWindow":"Immigration New Zealand's resident-visa wait times page currently reports 80% of Skilled Migrant Category applications completed within 4 months, with an 11-week average wait.","sourceName":"Immigration New Zealand - Resident visa wait times","sourceUrl":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/process-to-apply/waiting-for-a-visa/processing-a-visa-application/how-long-it-takes-to-process-an-application/resident-visa-wait-times/","lastChecked":"2026-07-01"},"score":64,"grade":"complex","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":8,"refundableFunds":1,"salaryFloor":13,"processingReliability":12,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Immigration New Zealand — Skilled Migrant Category","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa/"},{"label":"INZ — Further SMC changes effective 24 August 2026","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/about-us/news-centre/further-changes-to-the-skilled-migrant-category-to-come-into-effect-in-august-2026/"},{"label":"INZ - 2026 changes to the Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/live/resident-visas-to-live-in-new-zealand/skilled-residence-pathways-in-new-zealand/skilled-migrant-category-pathway-to-residence/2026-changes-to-the-skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa/"},{"label":"INZ - Skilled Migrant Category pathway to residence (points detail)","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/live/resident-visas-to-live-in-new-zealand/skilled-residence-pathways-in-new-zealand/skilled-migrant-category-pathway-to-residence/"},{"label":"INZ - Resident visa wait times","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/process-to-apply/waiting-for-a-visa/processing-a-visa-application/how-long-it-takes-to-process-an-application/resident-visa-wait-times/"},{"label":"Immigration New Zealand - International Qualification Assessment guidance","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/work/requirements-for-work-visas/green-list-occupations-qualifications-and-skills/check-if-you-need-an-international-qualification-assessment/"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":0,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"sg-employment-pass","destinationIso":"sg","destinationName":"Singapore","destinationSlug":"singapore","visaSlug":"employment-pass","visaName":"Employment Pass (EP)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"routePath":"/visas/singapore/employment-pass","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/singapore-employment-pass","processingPath":"/processing-times/singapore/employment-pass","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/singapore","sunkCost":{"localMin":330,"localMax":330,"currency":"SGD","approxUsdMin":255,"approxUsdMax":255,"localLabel":"SGD 330","approxUsdLabel":"$255"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":67200,"localMax":74400,"currency":"SGD","approxUsdMin":51896,"approxUsdMax":57457,"localLabel":"SGD 67,200-SGD 74,400","approxUsdLabel":"$51,896-$57,457"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Employment Pass - all sectors except financial services","amountLocal":5600,"currency":"SGD","basis":"monthly","approxUsd":4150,"description":"Current minimum qualifying salary for new Employment Pass applicants in non-financial sectors. Older applicants need a higher salary, and MOM has announced a higher floor from January 2027.","effectiveFrom":"2025-01-01","sourceName":"MOM - Employment Pass eligibility","sourceUrl":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/eligibility"},"salaryThresholdCount":2,"processingReliability":{"score":85,"grade":"strong","decisionWindow":"10 days – 2 weeks","sourceName":"MOM - Apply for an Employment Pass","sourceUrl":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/apply-for-a-pass","lastChecked":"2026-07-01"},"score":66,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":20,"refundableFunds":4,"salaryFloor":13,"processingReliability":17,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":2,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"MOM — Employment Pass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass"},{"label":"MOM — EP eligibility and COMPASS","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/eligibility"},{"label":"MOM - Apply for an Employment Pass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/apply-for-a-pass"},{"label":"MOM - Employment Pass documents required","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/documents-required"},{"label":"MOM - Apply for a Dependant's Pass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/dependants-pass/apply-for-a-pass"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":0,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]}],"rows":[{"id":"de-chancenkarte","destinationIso":"de","destinationName":"Germany","destinationSlug":"germany","visaSlug":"chancenkarte","visaName":"Chancenkarte (Germany Opportunity Card)","category":"work-unsponsored","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/germany/chancenkarte","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/germany-chancenkarte","processingPath":"/processing-times/germany/chancenkarte","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/germany","sunkCost":{"localMin":551,"localMax":1115,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":628,"approxUsdMax":1270,"localLabel":"€551-€1,115","approxUsdLabel":"$628-$1,270"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":13092,"localMax":13092,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":14917,"approxUsdMax":14917,"localLabel":"€13,092","approxUsdLabel":"$14,917"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Chancenkarte (Opportunity Card) — points-based","amountLocal":0,"currency":"EUR","basis":"annual","approxUsd":0,"description":"Chancenkarte does not set an initial salary floor. A job offer meeting the relevant skilled-worker floor converts the card into a residence title.","effectiveFrom":"2024-06-01","sourceName":"Make it in Germany — Chancenkarte","sourceUrl":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/opportunity-card"},"salaryThresholdCount":1,"processingReliability":{"score":75,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"4 weeks – 3 months","sourceName":"Make-it-in-Germany — Opportunity Card","sourceUrl":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/opportunity-card","lastChecked":"2026-06-22"},"score":89,"grade":"more-accessible","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":17,"refundableFunds":12,"salaryFloor":15,"processingReliability":15,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Make it in Germany — Opportunity Card (Federal Government info portal)","url":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/opportunity-card"},{"label":"Make it in Germany — Opportunity Card questions and answers (financial proof, work rules)","url":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/opportunity-card/questions-answers"},{"label":"Residence Act §20a/§20b with points annex — official consolidated law text","url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/aufenthg_2004/__20a.html"},{"label":"Anabin — Database of recognised foreign qualifications","url":"https://anabin.kmk.org/anabin.html"},{"label":"Auswärtiges Amt — Online application portal","url":"https://digital.diplo.de/chancenkarte"},{"label":"Make it in Germany — Self-Check Opportunity Card (points calculator)","url":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/opportunity-card/self-check"},{"label":"Auswärtiges Amt — visa fees","url":"https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/visa-service"},{"label":"Blocked-account providers (Fintiba / Expatrio)","url":"https://www.fintiba.com/blocked-account/"},{"label":"KMK — Zentralstelle für ausländisches Bildungswesen (ZAB)","url":"https://www.kmk.org/zab/statement-of-comparability/fees.html"},{"label":"Goethe-Institut — exam fees","url":"https://www.goethe.de/en/spr/prf.html"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-22","oldestSourceAgeDays":9,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"ca-express-entry-cec","destinationIso":"ca","destinationName":"Canada","destinationSlug":"canada","visaSlug":"express-entry-cec","visaName":"Express Entry — Canadian Experience Class (CEC)","category":"skilled-migration","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/canada/express-entry-cec","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/canada-express-entry-cec","processingPath":"/processing-times/canada/express-entry-cec","salaryPath":null,"sunkCost":{"localMin":2075,"localMax":3005,"currency":"CAD","approxUsdMin":1458,"approxUsdMax":2111,"localLabel":"CA$2,075-CA$3,005","approxUsdLabel":"$1,458-$2,111"},"refundableFunds":null,"lowestSalaryThreshold":null,"salaryThresholdCount":0,"processingReliability":{"score":75,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"5 months – 7 months","sourceName":"IRCC — Check processing times","sourceUrl":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":83,"grade":"more-accessible","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":13,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":15,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"IRCC — Canadian Experience Class","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/eligibility/canadian-experience-class.html"},{"label":"IRCC - submit an Express Entry profile","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/submit-profile.html"},{"label":"IRCC - citizenship and immigration application fees","url":"https://ircc.canada.ca/english/information/fees/fees.asp"},{"label":"IRCC - Express Entry language test results","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-requirements.html"},{"label":"IRCC - Express Entry proof of funds","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/proof-funds.html"},{"label":"IRCC - apply for permanent residence through Express Entry","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/apply-permanent-residence.html"},{"label":"IRCC — Check processing times","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"pt-d8-digital-nomad","destinationIso":"pt","destinationName":"Portugal","destinationSlug":"portugal","visaSlug":"d8-digital-nomad","visaName":"D8 visa (digital nomad / remote work)","category":"digital-nomad","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/portugal/d8-digital-nomad","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/portugal-d8-digital-nomad","processingPath":"/processing-times/portugal/d8-digital-nomad","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/portugal","sunkCost":{"localMin":420,"localMax":1040,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":479,"approxUsdMax":1185,"localLabel":"€420-€1,040","approxUsdLabel":"$479-$1,185"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":11040,"localMax":11040,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":12579,"approxUsdMax":12579,"localLabel":"€11,040","approxUsdLabel":"$12,579"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"D8 (Digital Nomad) — remote-work income","amountLocal":44160,"currency":"EUR","basis":"annual","approxUsd":47700,"description":"Minimum annual remote-work income for the D8 Digital Nomad Visa, indexed at 4× the Portuguese national minimum wage (€920/month from 1 January 2026, i.e. €3,680/month).","effectiveFrom":"2026-01-01","sourceName":"AIMA — Residence visas","sourceUrl":"https://aima.gov.pt/en"},"salaryThresholdCount":1,"processingReliability":{"score":75,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"2 months – 4 months","sourceName":"Portuguese Consulate network — National visas","sourceUrl":"https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/national-visas/necessary-documentation/residency","lastChecked":"2026-06-22"},"score":81,"grade":"more-accessible","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":17,"refundableFunds":12,"salaryFloor":7,"processingReliability":15,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"VistosMNE — Digital nomads (D8)","url":"https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/national-visas/necessary-documentation/residency"},{"label":"VistosMNE - national visa fees","url":"https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/national-visas/general-information/fees"},{"label":"AIMA - residence-permit services","url":"https://aima.gov.pt/en"},{"label":"VistosMNE - national visa travel insurance","url":"https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/national-visas/necessary-documentation/travel-insurance"},{"label":"Portugal ePortugal - tax identification number","url":"https://eportugal.gov.pt/en/servicos/pedir-o-numero-de-identificacao-fiscal-para-pessoa-singular"},{"label":"VistosMNE - external service providers","url":"https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/national-visas/external-service-providers"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"uk-health-and-care-worker","destinationIso":"uk","destinationName":"United Kingdom","destinationSlug":"uk","visaSlug":"health-and-care-worker","visaName":"Health and Care Worker visa","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/uk/health-and-care-worker","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/uk-health-and-care-worker","processingPath":"/processing-times/uk/health-and-care-worker","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/uk","sunkCost":{"localMin":324,"localMax":444,"currency":"GBP","approxUsdMin":428,"approxUsdMax":587,"localLabel":"£324-£444","approxUsdLabel":"$428-$587"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":1270,"localMax":1270,"currency":"GBP","approxUsdMin":1679,"approxUsdMax":1679,"localLabel":"£1,270","approxUsdLabel":"$1,679"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Skilled Worker — Health and Care Worker / education national pay-scale","amountLocal":25000,"currency":"GBP","basis":"annual","approxUsd":29500,"description":"Applies to Health and Care Worker roles and to school-teacher roles on national pay-scales; the absolute floor rose to £25,000 on 9 April 2025. Going rate is set by reference to the NHS Agenda for Change bands or the relevant teacher pay-scale.","effectiveFrom":"2025-04-09","sourceName":"GOV.UK — Health and Care Worker","sourceUrl":"https://www.gov.uk/health-care-worker-visa"},"salaryThresholdCount":2,"processingReliability":{"score":85,"grade":"strong","decisionWindow":"2 weeks – 3 weeks","sourceName":"GOV.UK — Health and Care Worker visa","sourceUrl":"https://www.gov.uk/health-care-worker-visa","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":79,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":17,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":17,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"GOV.UK — Health and Care Worker visa","url":"https://www.gov.uk/health-care-worker-visa"},{"label":"GOV.UK - Health and Care Worker visa: money to support yourself","url":"https://www.gov.uk/health-care-worker-visa/how-much-it-costs"},{"label":"Home Office immigration and nationality fees - 8 April 2026","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/visa-regulations-revised-table/home-office-immigration-and-nationality-fees-8-april-2026"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-05-30","oldestSourceAgeDays":32,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"ca-express-entry-fsw","destinationIso":"ca","destinationName":"Canada","destinationSlug":"canada","visaSlug":"express-entry-fsw","visaName":"Express Entry — Federal Skilled Worker (FSW)","category":"skilled-migration","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/canada/express-entry-fsw","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/canada-express-entry-fsw","processingPath":"/processing-times/canada/express-entry-fsw","salaryPath":null,"sunkCost":{"localMin":2275,"localMax":3055,"currency":"CAD","approxUsdMin":1598,"approxUsdMax":2146,"localLabel":"CA$2,275-CA$3,055","approxUsdLabel":"$1,598-$2,146"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":15263,"localMax":15263,"currency":"CAD","approxUsdMin":10722,"approxUsdMax":10722,"localLabel":"CA$15,263","approxUsdLabel":"$10,722"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":null,"salaryThresholdCount":0,"processingReliability":{"score":67,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"5 months – 8 months","sourceName":"IRCC — Check processing times","sourceUrl":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":78,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":13,"refundableFunds":12,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":13,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"IRCC — Federal Skilled Worker Program","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/eligibility/federal-skilled-workers.html"},{"label":"IRCC - citizenship and immigration application fees","url":"https://ircc.canada.ca/english/information/fees/fees.asp"},{"label":"IRCC - Express Entry proof of funds","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/proof-funds.html"},{"label":"IRCC - Express Entry language test results","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-test.html"},{"label":"IRCC - Express Entry education credential assessment","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/education-assessment.html"},{"label":"IRCC - apply for permanent residence through Express Entry","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/apply-permanent-residence.html"},{"label":"IRCC — Check processing times","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"ca-express-entry-fst","destinationIso":"ca","destinationName":"Canada","destinationSlug":"canada","visaSlug":"express-entry-fst","visaName":"Express Entry — Federal Skilled Trades (FST)","category":"skilled-migration","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/canada/express-entry-fst","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/canada-express-entry-fst","processingPath":"/processing-times/canada/express-entry-fst","salaryPath":null,"sunkCost":{"localMin":2075,"localMax":4005,"currency":"CAD","approxUsdMin":1458,"approxUsdMax":2813,"localLabel":"CA$2,075-CA$4,005","approxUsdLabel":"$1,458-$2,813"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":15263,"localMax":15263,"currency":"CAD","approxUsdMin":10722,"approxUsdMax":10722,"localLabel":"CA$15,263","approxUsdLabel":"$10,722"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":null,"salaryThresholdCount":0,"processingReliability":{"score":67,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"5 months – 8 months","sourceName":"IRCC — Check processing times","sourceUrl":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html","lastChecked":"2026-07-01"},"score":78,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":13,"refundableFunds":12,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":13,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"IRCC — Federal Skilled Trades Program","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/who-can-apply/federal-skilled-trades.html"},{"label":"IRCC - submit an Express Entry profile","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/submit-profile.html"},{"label":"IRCC - citizenship and immigration application fees","url":"https://ircc.canada.ca/english/information/fees/fees.asp"},{"label":"IRCC - Express Entry proof of funds","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/proof-funds.html"},{"label":"IRCC - apply for permanent residence through Express Entry","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/apply-permanent-residence.html"},{"label":"IRCC — Check processing times","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":0,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"de-eu-blue-card","destinationIso":"de","destinationName":"Germany","destinationSlug":"germany","visaSlug":"eu-blue-card","visaName":"EU Blue Card (Germany)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/germany/eu-blue-card","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/germany-eu-blue-card","processingPath":"/processing-times/germany/eu-blue-card","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/germany","sunkCost":{"localMin":185,"localMax":355,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":211,"approxUsdMax":404,"localLabel":"€185-€355","approxUsdLabel":"$211-$404"},"refundableFunds":null,"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"EU Blue Card — shortage occupations (Engpassberufe)","amountLocal":45934,"currency":"EUR","basis":"annual","approxUsd":47000,"description":"Reduced salary floor for shortage occupations (IT, engineers, doctors, mathematicians, natural scientists), precisely €45,934.20 for 2026. Applies at ~45.3% of the pension-contribution ceiling.","effectiveFrom":"2026-01-01","sourceName":"Make it in Germany — EU Blue Card","sourceUrl":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card"},"salaryThresholdCount":2,"processingReliability":{"score":75,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"4 weeks – 3 months","sourceName":"Make-it-in-Germany - EU Blue Card","sourceUrl":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card","lastChecked":"2026-06-22"},"score":77,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":20,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":7,"processingReliability":15,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Make it in Germany — EU Blue Card","url":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/types/eu-blue-card"},{"label":"Federal Foreign Office — EU Blue Card FAQ","url":"https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/visa-service/buergerservice/faq/02a-what-is-the-blue-card/606754"},{"label":"Auswaertiges Amt - visa fees","url":"https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/visa-service/-/215870"},{"label":"Gesetze im Internet - Aufenthaltsverordnung section 45","url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/aufenthv/__45.html"},{"label":"anabin - foreign education certificate database","url":"https://anabin.kmk.org/anabin.html"},{"label":"ZAB - Statement of Comparability fees","url":"https://www.kmk.org/zab/statement-of-comparability/fees.html"},{"label":"Make it in Germany - health insurance","url":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/living-in-germany/money-insurance/health-insurance"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-22","oldestSourceAgeDays":9,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"au-subclass-189-skilled-independent","destinationIso":"au","destinationName":"Australia","destinationSlug":"australia","visaSlug":"subclass-189-skilled-independent","visaName":"Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189)","category":"skilled-migration","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/australia/subclass-189-skilled-independent","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/australia-189-skilled-independent","processingPath":"/processing-times/australia/subclass-189-skilled-independent","salaryPath":null,"sunkCost":{"localMin":7501,"localMax":8705,"currency":"AUD","approxUsdMin":5166,"approxUsdMax":5995,"localLabel":"A$7,501-A$8,705","approxUsdLabel":"$5,166-$5,995"},"refundableFunds":null,"lowestSalaryThreshold":null,"salaryThresholdCount":0,"processingReliability":{"score":61,"grade":"watch","decisionWindow":"6 months – 12 months","sourceName":"Home Affairs — Global visa processing times","sourceUrl":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-processing-times/global-visa-processing-times","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":75,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":8,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":12,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Department of Home Affairs — Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189)","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189"},{"label":"Home Affairs - current visa pricing table","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/fees-and-charges/current-visa-pricing"},{"label":"Home Affairs - skills assessment requirement","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/skills-assessment"},{"label":"Home Affairs - English language visa requirements","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/english-language"},{"label":"Home Affairs - health requirement","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/health"},{"label":"Home Affairs - character requirements for visas","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/character"},{"label":"Home Affairs - biometrics","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/biometrics"},{"label":"Home Affairs — Global visa processing times","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-processing-times/global-visa-processing-times"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"us-tn","destinationIso":"us","destinationName":"United States","destinationSlug":"us","visaSlug":"tn","visaName":"TN USMCA Professionals (Canada & Mexico)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"routePath":"/visas/us/tn","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/us-tn","processingPath":"/processing-times/us/tn","salaryPath":null,"sunkCost":{"localMin":80,"localMax":80,"currency":"USD","approxUsdMin":80,"approxUsdMax":80,"localLabel":"US$80","approxUsdLabel":"$80"},"refundableFunds":null,"lowestSalaryThreshold":null,"salaryThresholdCount":0,"processingReliability":{"score":80,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"1 days – 4 weeks","sourceName":"USCIS - TN USMCA Professionals","sourceUrl":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/tn-usmca-professionals","lastChecked":"2026-07-01"},"score":73,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":20,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":16,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":2,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"USCIS - TN USMCA Professionals","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/tn-usmca-professionals"},{"label":"8 CFR 214.6","url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-8/section-214.6"},{"label":"8 CFR 103.7(d)(11)","url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-8/section-103.7"},{"label":"Federal Register - CBP Immigration Fees Required by HR-1","url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/28/2025-16453/cbp-immigration-fees-required-by-hr-1-for-fiscal-year-2025"},{"label":"U.S. Department of State - Fees for Visa Services","url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/visa-information-resources/fees/fees-visa-services.html"},{"label":"USCIS - Form G-1055 fee schedule","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/g-1055"},{"label":"USCIS - Premium processing","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/forms/all-forms/how-do-i-request-premium-processing"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":0,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"at-red-white-red-card","destinationIso":"at","destinationName":"Austria","destinationSlug":"austria","visaSlug":"red-white-red-card","visaName":"Red-White-Red Card (Rot-Weiß-Rot-Karte)","category":"skilled-migration","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/austria/red-white-red-card","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/austria-red-white-red-card","processingPath":"/processing-times/austria/red-white-red-card","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/austria","sunkCost":{"localMin":228,"localMax":363,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":260,"approxUsdMax":414,"localLabel":"€228-€363","approxUsdLabel":"$260-$414"},"refundableFunds":null,"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Red-White-Red Card - shortage occupation collective-pay test","amountLocal":0,"currency":"EUR","basis":"annual","approxUsd":0,"description":"No single published salary number for the shortage-occupation skilled-worker route. The job offer must pay at least the minimum legal or collective-agreement remuneration for the occupation.","effectiveFrom":"2026-06-27","sourceName":"Migration.gv.at - Skilled Workers in Shortage Occupations","sourceUrl":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/skilled-workers-in-shortage-occupations/"},"salaryThresholdCount":1,"processingReliability":{"score":15,"grade":"opaque","decisionWindow":"Not centrally published","sourceName":"Migration.gv.at - Skilled Workers in Shortage Occupations","sourceUrl":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/skilled-workers-in-shortage-occupations/","lastChecked":"2026-06-27"},"score":73,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":20,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":15,"processingReliability":3,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"migration.gv.at - Permanent immigration: Red-White-Red Card","url":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/"},{"label":"migration.gv.at - Skilled Workers in Shortage Occupations","url":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/skilled-workers-in-shortage-occupations/"},{"label":"migration.gv.at - Other Key Workers","url":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/other-key-workers/"},{"label":"migration.gv.at - Red-White-Red Card plus","url":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/redwhiteredcardplus/"},{"label":"migration.gv.at - Family reunification","url":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/family-reunification/"},{"label":"AMS - Red-White-Red Card points calculator","url":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/service-and-links/points-calculator/"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-27","oldestSourceAgeDays":4,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"es-digital-nomad-visa","destinationIso":"es","destinationName":"Spain","destinationSlug":"spain","visaSlug":"digital-nomad-visa","visaName":"Digital Nomad Visa (Spain)","category":"digital-nomad","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/spain/digital-nomad-visa","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/spain-digital-nomad-visa","processingPath":"/processing-times/spain/digital-nomad-visa","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/spain","sunkCost":{"localMin":647.02,"localMax":1677.02,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":737,"approxUsdMax":1911,"localLabel":"€647.02-€1,677.02","approxUsdLabel":"$737-$1,911"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":34188,"localMax":34188,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":38954,"approxUsdMax":38954,"localLabel":"€34,188","approxUsdLabel":"$38,954"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Digital Nomad Visa — remote-work income","amountLocal":34188,"currency":"EUR","basis":"annual","approxUsd":36900,"description":"Minimum gross annual remote-work income at 200% of the Spanish SMI. The 2026 SMI is €1,221/month × 14 payments = €17,094/yr (RD 126/2026); 200% = €34,188 gross p.a.","effectiveFrom":"2026-01-01","sourceName":"BOE — Real Decreto 126/2026 (SMI)","sourceUrl":"https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2026-3815"},"salaryThresholdCount":1,"processingReliability":{"score":80,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"3 weeks – 6 weeks","sourceName":"UGE-CE (Unidad de Grandes Empresas) — Teletrabajadores","sourceUrl":"https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores","lastChecked":"2026-06-22"},"score":73,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":13,"refundableFunds":4,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":16,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Ministerio — International teleworking residence","url":"https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores"},{"label":"BOE - immigration fees, BOE - visa fees, and Spanish National Police TIE fees","url":"https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2025-12056"},{"label":"Spanish National Police - foreigner fee forms","url":"https://sede.policia.gob.es/portalCiudadano/_es/tramites_extranjeria_tasas.php"},{"label":"UGE-CE teleworker documentation and BOE - Real Decreto 126/2026","url":"https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2026-3815"},{"label":"UGE-CE teleworker documentation and BOE - Real Decreto 126/2026","url":"https://www.inclusion.gob.es/documents/d/unidadgrandesempresas/informacion-documentacion-pagina-web-titular-v2"},{"label":"BOE - Orden AUC/891/2024 (visa fees)","url":"https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2024-17292"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-22","oldestSourceAgeDays":9,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"se-work-permit-sweden","destinationIso":"se","destinationName":"Sweden","destinationSlug":"sweden","visaSlug":"work-permit-sweden","visaName":"Work Permit (Arbetstillstånd)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/sweden/work-permit-sweden","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/sweden-work-permit","processingPath":"/processing-times/sweden/work-permit-sweden","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/sweden","sunkCost":{"localMin":2200,"localMax":3200,"currency":"SEK","approxUsdMin":226,"approxUsdMax":329,"localLabel":"SEK 2,200-SEK 3,200","approxUsdLabel":"$226-$329"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":413640,"localMax":413640,"currency":"SEK","approxUsdMin":42484,"approxUsdMax":42484,"localLabel":"SEK 413,640","approxUsdLabel":"$42,484"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Employee work permit salary requirement","amountLocal":34470,"currency":"SEK","basis":"monthly","approxUsd":3600,"description":"Monthly salary requirement from 16 June 2026, equal to 90% of Sweden's updated SEK 38,300 median salary. Collective-agreement or industry-practice pay may require a higher figure.","effectiveFrom":"2026-06-16","sourceName":"Swedish Migration Agency - Employees","sourceUrl":"https://www.migrationsverket.se/en/you-want-to-apply/work/employee-or-self-employed/employees.html"},"salaryThresholdCount":1,"processingReliability":{"score":75,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"4 weeks – 3 months","sourceName":"Swedish Migration Agency - Employees","sourceUrl":"https://www.migrationsverket.se/en/you-want-to-apply/work/employee-or-self-employed/employees.html","lastChecked":"2026-06-27"},"score":72,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":20,"refundableFunds":4,"salaryFloor":13,"processingReliability":15,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Migrationsverket — Employees work permit","url":"https://www.migrationsverket.se/en/you-want-to-apply/work/employee-or-self-employed/employees.html"},{"label":"Migrationsverket — Salary requirements for a work permit","url":"https://www.migrationsverket.se/en/word-explanations/salary-requirements-for-a-work-permit.html"},{"label":"Migrationsverket — Employer work-permit process","url":"https://www.migrationsverket.se/en/employers/how-it-works.html"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-27","oldestSourceAgeDays":4,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"ca-pnp","destinationIso":"ca","destinationName":"Canada","destinationSlug":"canada","visaSlug":"pnp","visaName":"Provincial Nominee Program (PNP)","category":"skilled-migration","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/canada/pnp","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/canada-express-entry-pnp","processingPath":"/processing-times/canada/pnp","salaryPath":null,"sunkCost":{"localMin":3775,"localMax":4555,"currency":"CAD","approxUsdMin":2652,"approxUsdMax":3200,"localLabel":"CA$3,775-CA$4,555","approxUsdLabel":"$2,652-$3,200"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":15263,"localMax":15263,"currency":"CAD","approxUsdMin":10722,"approxUsdMax":10722,"localLabel":"CA$15,263","approxUsdLabel":"$10,722"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":null,"salaryThresholdCount":0,"processingReliability":{"score":61,"grade":"watch","decisionWindow":"11 months – 18 months","sourceName":"IRCC — Check processing times","sourceUrl":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":72,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":8,"refundableFunds":12,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":12,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"IRCC — Provincial Nominee Program","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/provincial-nominees.html"},{"label":"Ontario - applying to the OINP","url":"https://www.ontario.ca/page/applying-ontario-immigrant-nominee-program-oinp"},{"label":"Alberta - AAIP updates","url":"https://www.alberta.ca/aaip-updates"},{"label":"IRCC - citizenship and immigration application fees","url":"https://ircc.canada.ca/english/information/fees/fees.asp"},{"label":"IRCC - Express Entry proof of funds","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/proof-funds.html"},{"label":"IRCC - Express Entry language test results","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-test.html"},{"label":"IRCC - Express Entry education credential assessment","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/education-assessment.html"},{"label":"IRCC - apply for permanent residence through Express Entry","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/apply-permanent-residence.html"},{"label":"IRCC — Check processing times","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"ie-critical-skills-employment-permit","destinationIso":"ie","destinationName":"Ireland","destinationSlug":"ireland","visaSlug":"critical-skills-employment-permit","visaName":"Critical Skills Employment Permit","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/ireland/critical-skills-employment-permit","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/ireland-critical-skills-employment-permit","processingPath":"/processing-times/ireland/critical-skills-employment-permit","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/ireland","sunkCost":{"localMin":1300,"localMax":1520,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":1481,"approxUsdMax":1732,"localLabel":"€1,300-€1,520","approxUsdLabel":"$1,481-$1,732"},"refundableFunds":null,"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Critical Skills Employment Permit — general floor","amountLocal":40904,"currency":"EUR","basis":"annual","approxUsd":41000,"description":"Minimum annual remuneration for most Critical Skills Employment Permit applications, raised to €40,904 on 1 March 2026. Occupations on the Critical Skills Occupation List qualify at this floor.","effectiveFrom":"2026-03-01","sourceName":"DETE — Critical Skills Employment Permit","sourceUrl":"https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/what-we-do/workplace-and-skills/employment-permits/permit-types/critical-skills-employment-permit/"},"salaryThresholdCount":2,"processingReliability":{"score":80,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"3 weeks – 6 weeks","sourceName":"DETE — Employment permits current processing dates","sourceUrl":"https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/what-we-do/workplace-and-skills/employment-permits/current-application-processing-dates/","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":71,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":13,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":7,"processingReliability":16,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"DETE — Critical Skills Employment Permit","url":"https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/what-we-do/workplace-and-skills/employment-permits/permit-types/critical-skills-employment-permit/"},{"label":"Critical Skills Occupations List","url":"https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/what-we-do/workplace-and-skills/employment-permits/employment-permit-eligibility/highly-skilled-eligible-occupations-list/"},{"label":"ISD - first registration required documents and fees","url":"https://www.irishimmigration.ie/registering-your-immigration-permission/how-to-register-your-immigration-permission-for-the-first-time/required-documents/"},{"label":"ISD - preclearance and entry visa fees","url":"https://www.irishimmigration.ie/preclearance-and-entry-visas-fees/"},{"label":"ISD - employment visa required documents","url":"https://www.irishimmigration.ie/coming-to-work-in-ireland/what-are-my-work-visa-options/applying-for-a-long-stay-employment-visa/employment-visa/"},{"label":"QQI - NARIC Ireland qualification recognition advice","url":"https://qhelp.qqi.ie/international-visitors/naric-ireland/"},{"label":"DETE — Employment permits current processing dates","url":"https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/what-we-do/workplace-and-skills/employment-permits/current-application-processing-dates/"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"au-subclass-190-skilled-nominated","destinationIso":"au","destinationName":"Australia","destinationSlug":"australia","visaSlug":"subclass-190-skilled-nominated","visaName":"Skilled Nominated visa (subclass 190)","category":"skilled-migration","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/australia/subclass-190-skilled-nominated","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/australia-190-skilled-nominated","processingPath":"/processing-times/australia/subclass-190-skilled-nominated","salaryPath":null,"sunkCost":{"localMin":7506,"localMax":9010,"currency":"AUD","approxUsdMin":5169,"approxUsdMax":6205,"localLabel":"A$7,506-A$9,010","approxUsdLabel":"$5,169-$6,205"},"refundableFunds":null,"lowestSalaryThreshold":null,"salaryThresholdCount":0,"processingReliability":{"score":61,"grade":"watch","decisionWindow":"6 months – 12 months","sourceName":"Home Affairs — Global visa processing times","sourceUrl":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-processing-times/global-visa-processing-times","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":71,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":4,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":12,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Department of Home Affairs — Skilled Nominated visa (subclass 190)","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-nominated-190"},{"label":"Home Affairs - SkillSelect Expression of Interest","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/working-in-australia/skillselect/expression-of-interest"},{"label":"ACT Migration - key documents checklist","url":"https://www.act.gov.au/migration/resources/key-documents-checklist"},{"label":"Home Affairs - current visa pricing table","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/fees-and-charges/current-visa-pricing"},{"label":"Home Affairs - skills assessment requirement","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/skills-assessment"},{"label":"Home Affairs - English language visa requirements","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/english-language"},{"label":"Home Affairs - health requirement","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/health"},{"label":"Home Affairs - character requirements for visas","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/character"},{"label":"Home Affairs - biometrics","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/biometrics"},{"label":"Home Affairs — Global visa processing times","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-processing-times/global-visa-processing-times"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"au-subclass-491-skilled-regional","destinationIso":"au","destinationName":"Australia","destinationSlug":"australia","visaSlug":"subclass-491-skilled-regional","visaName":"Skilled Work Regional (Provisional) visa (subclass 491)","category":"skilled-migration","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/australia/subclass-491-skilled-regional","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/australia-491-skilled-work-regional-provisional","processingPath":"/processing-times/australia/subclass-491-skilled-regional","salaryPath":null,"sunkCost":{"localMin":7506,"localMax":9010,"currency":"AUD","approxUsdMin":5169,"approxUsdMax":6205,"localLabel":"A$7,506-A$9,010","approxUsdLabel":"$5,169-$6,205"},"refundableFunds":null,"lowestSalaryThreshold":null,"salaryThresholdCount":0,"processingReliability":{"score":61,"grade":"watch","decisionWindow":"6 months – 12 months","sourceName":"Home Affairs — Global visa processing times","sourceUrl":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-processing-times/global-visa-processing-times","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":71,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":4,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":12,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Department of Home Affairs — Skilled Work Regional (subclass 491)","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-work-regional-provisional-491"},{"label":"Home Affairs - SkillSelect Expression of Interest","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/working-in-australia/skillselect/expression-of-interest"},{"label":"ACT Migration - key documents checklist","url":"https://www.act.gov.au/migration/resources/key-documents-checklist"},{"label":"Home Affairs - current visa pricing table","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/fees-and-charges/current-visa-pricing"},{"label":"Home Affairs - skills assessment requirement","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/skills-assessment"},{"label":"Home Affairs - English language visa requirements","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/english-language"},{"label":"Home Affairs - health requirement","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/health"},{"label":"Home Affairs - character requirements for visas","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/character"},{"label":"Home Affairs - subclass 191 Regional Provisional stream","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-regional-191/regional-provisional"},{"label":"Home Affairs - biometrics","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/biometrics"},{"label":"Home Affairs — Global visa processing times","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-processing-times/global-visa-processing-times"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"fi-residence-permit-specialist","destinationIso":"fi","destinationName":"Finland","destinationSlug":"finland","visaSlug":"residence-permit-specialist","visaName":"Residence permit for a specialist","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/finland/residence-permit-specialist","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/finland-residence-permit-specialist","processingPath":null,"salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/finland","sunkCost":{"localMin":540,"localMax":655,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":615,"approxUsdMax":746,"localLabel":"€540-€655","approxUsdLabel":"$615-$746"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":3937,"localMax":3937,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":4486,"approxUsdMax":4486,"localLabel":"€3,937","approxUsdLabel":"$4,486"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Specialist residence permit salary threshold","amountLocal":3937,"currency":"EUR","basis":"monthly","approxUsd":4250,"description":"Migri states that a specialist applicant must have a gross salary of at least EUR 3,937 per month in 2026, excluding fringe benefits.","effectiveFrom":"2026-01-01","sourceName":"Migri - Specialist residence permit","sourceUrl":"https://migri.fi/en/specialist"},"salaryThresholdCount":1,"processingReliability":null,"score":70,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":17,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":13,"processingReliability":5,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Migri — Specialist residence permit","url":"https://migri.fi/en/specialist"},{"label":"Migri - Processing fees and payment methods","url":"https://migri.fi/en/processing-fees-and-payment-methods"},{"label":"Migri - Fast track","url":"https://migri.fi/en/fast-track"},{"label":"Migri - D visa","url":"https://migri.fi/en/d-visa"},{"label":"Migri - Income requirement for family members","url":"https://migri.fi/en/income-requirement-for-family-members-of-a-person-who-has-been-granted-a-residence-permit-in-finland"},{"label":"Migri - Spouse in Finland with a residence permit","url":"https://migri.fi/en/spouse-in-finland-with-a-residence-permit"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":0,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"no_dest-skilled-worker-permit","destinationIso":"no_dest","destinationName":"Norway","destinationSlug":"norway","visaSlug":"skilled-worker-permit","visaName":"Skilled Worker Residence Permit (Oppholdstillatelse som faglaert)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/norway/skilled-worker-permit","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/norway-skilled-worker-permit","processingPath":"/processing-times/norway/skilled-worker-permit","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/norway","sunkCost":{"localMin":6300,"localMax":8300,"currency":"NOK","approxUsdMin":635,"approxUsdMax":836,"localLabel":"NOK 6,300-NOK 8,300","approxUsdLabel":"$635-$836"},"refundableFunds":null,"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Skilled worker permit - normal pay and conditions test","amountLocal":0,"currency":"NOK","basis":"annual","approxUsd":0,"description":"No single route-wide salary number. If a collective agreement applies, UDI checks the collective wage rate; otherwise pay must not be poorer than normal for the occupation and place of work.","effectiveFrom":"2026-07-01","sourceName":"UDI - Pay and working conditions in Norway","sourceUrl":"https://www.udi.no/en/word-definitions/pay-and-working-conditions-in-norway/"},"salaryThresholdCount":3,"processingReliability":{"score":15,"grade":"opaque","decisionWindow":"Not centrally published","sourceName":"UDI - Skilled workers","sourceUrl":"https://www.udi.no/en/want-to-apply/work-immigration/skilled-workers/","lastChecked":"2026-06-27"},"score":70,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":17,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":15,"processingReliability":3,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"UDI — Skilled workers","url":"https://www.udi.no/en/want-to-apply/work-immigration/skilled-workers/"},{"label":"UDI - Fees","url":"https://www.udi.no/en/word-definitions/fees/"},{"label":"UDI - Pay and working conditions in Norway","url":"https://www.udi.no/en/word-definitions/pay-and-working-conditions-in-norway/"},{"label":"UDI - Application Portal","url":"https://selfservice.udi.no/"},{"label":"NOKUT — Recognition of foreign qualifications","url":"https://www.nokut.no/en/"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-27","oldestSourceAgeDays":4,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"uk-skilled-worker","destinationIso":"uk","destinationName":"United Kingdom","destinationSlug":"uk","visaSlug":"skilled-worker","visaName":"Skilled Worker visa","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/uk/skilled-worker","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/uk-skilled-worker","processingPath":"/processing-times/uk/skilled-worker","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/uk","sunkCost":{"localMin":3924,"localMax":4044,"currency":"GBP","approxUsdMin":5188,"approxUsdMax":5347,"localLabel":"£3,924-£4,044","approxUsdLabel":"$5,188-$5,347"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":1270,"localMax":1270,"currency":"GBP","approxUsdMin":1679,"approxUsdMax":1679,"localLabel":"£1,270","approxUsdLabel":"$1,679"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Skilled Worker — Immigration Salary List discount","amountLocal":33400,"currency":"GBP","basis":"annual","approxUsd":39000,"description":"Reduced floor (£33,400 from 22 July 2025) for occupations on the Immigration Salary List, the successor to the Shortage Occupation List.","effectiveFrom":"2025-07-22","sourceName":"GOV.UK — Immigration Salary List","sourceUrl":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/skilled-worker-visa-immigration-salary-list"},"salaryThresholdCount":4,"processingReliability":{"score":85,"grade":"strong","decisionWindow":"2 weeks – 3 weeks","sourceName":"GOV.UK — Visa decision waiting times","sourceUrl":"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/visa-decision-waiting-times-applications-outside-the-uk","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":70,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":8,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":17,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"GOV.UK — Skilled Worker visa","url":"https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa"},{"label":"Immigration Rules Appendix Skilled Worker","url":"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/immigration-rules/immigration-rules-appendix-skilled-worker"},{"label":"Immigration Salary List","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/skilled-worker-visa-immigration-salary-list"},{"label":"GOV.UK - Skilled Worker visa: money to support yourself","url":"https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa/how-much-it-costs"},{"label":"GOV.UK - Pay for UK healthcare as part of your immigration application","url":"https://www.gov.uk/healthcare-immigration-application/how-much-pay"},{"label":"Home Office immigration and nationality fees - 8 April 2026","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/visa-regulations-revised-table/home-office-immigration-and-nationality-fees-8-april-2026"},{"label":"GOV.UK — Visa decision waiting times","url":"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/visa-decision-waiting-times-applications-outside-the-uk"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-06-30","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-05-30","oldestSourceAgeDays":32,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"nz-accredited-employer-work-visa","destinationIso":"nz","destinationName":"New Zealand","destinationSlug":"new-zealand","visaSlug":"accredited-employer-work-visa","visaName":"Accredited Employer Work Visa (AEWV)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"routePath":"/visas/new-zealand/accredited-employer-work-visa","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/new-zealand-accredited-employer-work-visa","processingPath":"/processing-times/new-zealand/accredited-employer-work-visa","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/new-zealand","sunkCost":{"localMin":3060,"localMax":4325,"currency":"NZD","approxUsdMin":1732,"approxUsdMax":2447,"localLabel":"NZ$3,060-NZ$4,325","approxUsdLabel":"$1,732-$2,447"},"refundableFunds":null,"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"AEWV - market rate test","amountLocal":0,"currency":"NZD","basis":"hourly","approxUsd":0,"description":"No single numeric floor: the blanket median-wage requirement was removed in March 2025, and the job check instead requires pay at the New Zealand market rate for the role. The immigration median wage (NZD 35.00 per hour from 9 March 2026) still sets Green List pay rates and twice-median exemptions.","effectiveFrom":"2026-03-09","sourceName":"Immigration New Zealand - Accredited Employer Work Visa","sourceUrl":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/accredited-employer-work-visa/"},"salaryThresholdCount":2,"processingReliability":{"score":62,"grade":"watch","decisionWindow":"Immigration New Zealand lists Accredited Employer Work Visa worker applications at 80% within 7 weeks.","sourceName":"Immigration New Zealand - Accredited Employer Work Visa","sourceUrl":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/accredited-employer-work-visa/","lastChecked":"2026-07-01"},"score":67,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":13,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":15,"processingReliability":12,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":2,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Immigration New Zealand — Accredited Employer Work Visa","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/accredited-employer-work-visa/"},{"label":"INZ - Accredited employer list","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/work/requirements-for-work-visas/approved-employers/accredited-employer-list/"},{"label":"INZ - AEWV employer accreditation and job-check fees","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/work/for-employers/getting-accreditation-or-approval-to-hire/employer-accreditation-for-the-aewv/aewv-employer-accreditation-and-job-check-process/paying-for-aewv-employer-accreditation-and-job-checks/"},{"label":"INZ - Partner of a Worker Work Visa","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/partner-of-a-worker-work-visa/"},{"label":"INZ — National Occupation List and annual median-wage increase (NZD 35.00/hr, 9 March 2026)","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/about-us/news-centre/new-occupations-recognised-under-the-national-occupation-list-and-annual-median-wage-increase/"},{"label":"INZ - Operational Manual U8.20: minimum income to support dependent children","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/opsmanual/46523.htm"},{"label":"Immigration New Zealand - International Qualification Assessment guidance","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/work/requirements-for-work-visas/green-list-occupations-qualifications-and-skills/check-if-you-need-an-international-qualification-assessment/"},{"label":"Immigration New Zealand - Dependent Child Student Visa","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/dependent-child-student-visa/"},{"label":"Immigration New Zealand - Child of a Worker Visitor Visa","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/child-of-a-worker-visitor-visa/"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":0,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"sg-employment-pass","destinationIso":"sg","destinationName":"Singapore","destinationSlug":"singapore","visaSlug":"employment-pass","visaName":"Employment Pass (EP)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"routePath":"/visas/singapore/employment-pass","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/singapore-employment-pass","processingPath":"/processing-times/singapore/employment-pass","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/singapore","sunkCost":{"localMin":330,"localMax":330,"currency":"SGD","approxUsdMin":255,"approxUsdMax":255,"localLabel":"SGD 330","approxUsdLabel":"$255"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":67200,"localMax":74400,"currency":"SGD","approxUsdMin":51896,"approxUsdMax":57457,"localLabel":"SGD 67,200-SGD 74,400","approxUsdLabel":"$51,896-$57,457"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Employment Pass - all sectors except financial services","amountLocal":5600,"currency":"SGD","basis":"monthly","approxUsd":4150,"description":"Current minimum qualifying salary for new Employment Pass applicants in non-financial sectors. Older applicants need a higher salary, and MOM has announced a higher floor from January 2027.","effectiveFrom":"2025-01-01","sourceName":"MOM - Employment Pass eligibility","sourceUrl":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/eligibility"},"salaryThresholdCount":2,"processingReliability":{"score":85,"grade":"strong","decisionWindow":"10 days – 2 weeks","sourceName":"MOM - Apply for an Employment Pass","sourceUrl":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/apply-for-a-pass","lastChecked":"2026-07-01"},"score":66,"grade":"balanced","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":20,"refundableFunds":4,"salaryFloor":13,"processingReliability":17,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":2,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"MOM — Employment Pass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass"},{"label":"MOM — EP eligibility and COMPASS","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/eligibility"},{"label":"MOM - Apply for an Employment Pass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/apply-for-a-pass"},{"label":"MOM - Employment Pass documents required","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/documents-required"},{"label":"MOM - Apply for a Dependant's Pass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/dependants-pass/apply-for-a-pass"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":0,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"nz-skilled-migrant-category","destinationIso":"nz","destinationName":"New Zealand","destinationSlug":"new-zealand","visaSlug":"skilled-migrant-category","visaName":"Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa","category":"skilled-migration","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/new-zealand/skilled-migrant-category","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/new-zealand-skilled-migrant-category","processingPath":"/processing-times/new-zealand/skilled-migrant-category","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/new-zealand","sunkCost":{"localMin":6810,"localMax":8925,"currency":"NZD","approxUsdMin":3853,"approxUsdMax":5050,"localLabel":"NZ$6,810-NZ$8,925","approxUsdLabel":"$3,853-$5,050"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":72800,"localMax":109200,"currency":"NZD","approxUsdMin":41194,"approxUsdMax":61791,"localLabel":"NZ$72,800-NZ$109,200","approxUsdLabel":"$41,194-$61,791"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"SMC skilled job - ANZSCO levels 1 to 3","amountLocal":35,"currency":"NZD","basis":"hourly","approxUsd":21,"description":"Minimum hourly pay for a skilled job or job offer at ANZSCO skill levels 1 to 3 under the SMC route page. INZ also uses NZD 52.50, NZD 70.00 and NZD 105.00 hourly bands for 1.5x, 2x and 3x median-wage income-point claims.","effectiveFrom":"2026-03-09","sourceName":"Immigration New Zealand - Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa","sourceUrl":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa/"},"salaryThresholdCount":2,"processingReliability":{"score":62,"grade":"watch","decisionWindow":"Immigration New Zealand's resident-visa wait times page currently reports 80% of Skilled Migrant Category applications completed within 4 months, with an 11-week average wait.","sourceName":"Immigration New Zealand - Resident visa wait times","sourceUrl":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/process-to-apply/waiting-for-a-visa/processing-a-visa-application/how-long-it-takes-to-process-an-application/resident-visa-wait-times/","lastChecked":"2026-07-01"},"score":64,"grade":"complex","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":8,"refundableFunds":1,"salaryFloor":13,"processingReliability":12,"sponsorFlexibility":15,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Immigration New Zealand — Skilled Migrant Category","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa/"},{"label":"INZ — Further SMC changes effective 24 August 2026","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/about-us/news-centre/further-changes-to-the-skilled-migrant-category-to-come-into-effect-in-august-2026/"},{"label":"INZ - 2026 changes to the Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/live/resident-visas-to-live-in-new-zealand/skilled-residence-pathways-in-new-zealand/skilled-migrant-category-pathway-to-residence/2026-changes-to-the-skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa/"},{"label":"INZ - Skilled Migrant Category pathway to residence (points detail)","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/live/resident-visas-to-live-in-new-zealand/skilled-residence-pathways-in-new-zealand/skilled-migrant-category-pathway-to-residence/"},{"label":"INZ - Resident visa wait times","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/process-to-apply/waiting-for-a-visa/processing-a-visa-application/how-long-it-takes-to-process-an-application/resident-visa-wait-times/"},{"label":"Immigration New Zealand - International Qualification Assessment guidance","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/work/requirements-for-work-visas/green-list-occupations-qualifications-and-skills/check-if-you-need-an-international-qualification-assessment/"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":0,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"us-o-1","destinationIso":"us","destinationName":"United States","destinationSlug":"us","visaSlug":"o-1","visaName":"O-1 Individuals with Extraordinary Ability or Achievement","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"routePath":"/visas/us/o-1","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/us-o-1","processingPath":"/processing-times/us/o-1","salaryPath":null,"sunkCost":{"localMin":1655,"localMax":2155,"currency":"USD","approxUsdMin":1655,"approxUsdMax":2155,"localLabel":"US$1,655-US$2,155","approxUsdLabel":"$1,655-$2,155"},"refundableFunds":null,"lowestSalaryThreshold":null,"salaryThresholdCount":0,"processingReliability":{"score":61,"grade":"watch","decisionWindow":"2 months – 6 months","sourceName":"USCIS — Case Processing Times","sourceUrl":"https://egov.uscis.gov/processing-times/","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":62,"grade":"complex","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":13,"refundableFunds":15,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":12,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":2,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"USCIS — O-1 Visa: Individuals with Extraordinary Ability or Achievement","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/o-1-visa-individuals-with-extraordinary-ability-or-achievement"},{"label":"USCIS - Form G-1055 fee schedule","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/g-1055"},{"label":"USCIS - Premium processing","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/forms/all-forms/how-do-i-request-premium-processing"},{"label":"U.S. Department of State - Fees for Visa Services","url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/visa-information-resources/fees/fees-visa-services.html"},{"label":"USCIS — Case Processing Times","url":"https://egov.uscis.gov/processing-times/"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"nl-highly-skilled-migrant","destinationIso":"nl","destinationName":"Netherlands","destinationSlug":"netherlands","visaSlug":"highly-skilled-migrant","visaName":"Highly Skilled Migrant (Kennismigrant)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/netherlands/highly-skilled-migrant","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/netherlands-highly-skilled-migrant","processingPath":"/processing-times/netherlands/highly-skilled-migrant","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/netherlands","sunkCost":{"localMin":2113,"localMax":2908,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":2408,"approxUsdMax":3313,"localLabel":"€2,113-€2,908","approxUsdLabel":"$2,408-$3,313"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":37464,"localMax":71304,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":42686,"approxUsdMax":81244,"localLabel":"€37,464-€71,304","approxUsdLabel":"$42,686-$81,244"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Orientation Year search — reduced rate","amountLocal":3122,"currency":"EUR","basis":"monthly","approxUsd":3350,"description":"Reduced rate for applicants transitioning from the Orientation Year / zoekjaar to a Highly Skilled Migrant permit within 3 years of graduation. IND page checked on 1 July 2026 still displayed the 2026 table and stated a 1 January-30 June validity window; refresh before filing if IND publishes a July update.","effectiveFrom":"2026-01-01","sourceName":"IND — Required amounts income requirements","sourceUrl":"https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements"},"salaryThresholdCount":3,"processingReliability":{"score":67,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"2 weeks – 3 months","sourceName":"IND — Decision periods","sourceUrl":"https://ind.nl/en/after-your-application/decision-periods","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":55,"grade":"complex","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":8,"refundableFunds":1,"salaryFloor":13,"processingReliability":13,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"IND — Highly Skilled Migrant","url":"https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant"},{"label":"IND - fees and costs of an application","url":"https://ind.nl/en/fees-costs-of-an-application"},{"label":"IND - required amounts income requirements","url":"https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements"},{"label":"Government of the Netherlands - standard health insurance","url":"https://www.government.nl/topics/health-insurance/standard-health-insurance"},{"label":"IND — Decision periods","url":"https://ind.nl/en/after-your-application/decision-periods"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"dk-pay-limit-scheme","destinationIso":"dk","destinationName":"Denmark","destinationSlug":"denmark","visaSlug":"pay-limit-scheme","visaName":"Pay Limit Scheme (Beloebsordningen)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/denmark/pay-limit-scheme","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/denmark-pay-limit-scheme","processingPath":"/processing-times/denmark/pay-limit-scheme","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/denmark","sunkCost":{"localMin":6810,"localMax":7310,"currency":"DKK","approxUsdMin":1038,"approxUsdMax":1114,"localLabel":"DKK 6,810-DKK 7,310","approxUsdLabel":"$1,038-$1,114"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":552000,"localMax":552000,"currency":"DKK","approxUsdMin":84147,"approxUsdMax":84147,"localLabel":"DKK 552,000","approxUsdLabel":"$84,147"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Pay Limit Scheme salary floor","amountLocal":552000,"currency":"DKK","basis":"annual","approxUsd":80000,"description":"Minimum annual salary for applications under the Pay Limit Scheme in 2026. The job must normally be at least 30 hours per week, and the pay limit applies regardless of hours.","effectiveFrom":"2026-01-01","sourceName":"New to Denmark - Pay Limit Scheme","sourceUrl":"https://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-GB/You-want-to-apply/Work/Pay-limit-scheme"},"salaryThresholdCount":1,"processingReliability":{"score":75,"grade":"usable","decisionWindow":"4 weeks – 3 months","sourceName":"New to Denmark - Pay Limit Scheme","sourceUrl":"https://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-GB/You-want-to-apply/Work/Pay-limit-scheme","lastChecked":"2026-07-01"},"score":53,"grade":"complex","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":17,"refundableFunds":1,"salaryFloor":0,"processingReliability":15,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"New to Denmark — Pay Limit Scheme","url":"https://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-GB/You-want-to-apply/Work/Pay-limit-scheme"},{"label":"New to Denmark - accompanying family member to an employee","url":"https://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-GB/You-want-to-apply/Family/Accompanying-family-members/Accompanying-family---work"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":0,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"au-subclass-482-tss","destinationIso":"au","destinationName":"Australia","destinationSlug":"australia","visaSlug":"subclass-482-tss","visaName":"Skills in Demand visa (subclass 482)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/australia/subclass-482-tss","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/australia-subclass-482-skills-in-demand","processingPath":"/processing-times/australia/subclass-482-tss","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/australia","sunkCost":{"localMin":10381,"localMax":13335,"currency":"AUD","approxUsdMin":7149,"approxUsdMax":9184,"localLabel":"A$10,381-A$13,335","approxUsdLabel":"$7,149-$9,184"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":79423,"localMax":79423,"currency":"AUD","approxUsdMin":54699,"approxUsdMax":54699,"localLabel":"A$79,423","approxUsdLabel":"$54,699"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Core Skills Income Threshold (CSIT, formerly TSMIT)","amountLocal":79423,"currency":"AUD","basis":"annual","approxUsd":52300,"description":"Absolute salary floor for subclass 482 Core Skills, 494 and 186 TRT nominations lodged from 1 July 2026 to 30 June 2027. Pay must also meet the Annual Market Salary Rate for the role.","effectiveFrom":"2026-07-01","sourceName":"Home Affairs - salary requirements","sourceUrl":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/employing-and-sponsoring-someone/sponsoring-workers/nominating-a-position/salary-requirements"},"salaryThresholdCount":3,"processingReliability":{"score":90,"grade":"strong","decisionWindow":"2 weeks – 8 weeks","sourceName":"Home Affairs — Global visa processing times","sourceUrl":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-processing-times/global-visa-processing-times","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":53,"grade":"complex","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":4,"refundableFunds":4,"salaryFloor":7,"processingReliability":18,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Department of Home Affairs — Skills in Demand visa","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482"},{"label":"Home Affairs - cost of sponsoring","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/employing-and-sponsoring-someone/sponsoring-workers/learn-about-sponsoring/cost-of-sponsoring"},{"label":"Home Affairs - current visa pricing table","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/fees-and-charges/current-visa-pricing"},{"label":"Home Affairs - salary requirements","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/employing-and-sponsoring-someone/sponsoring-workers/nominating-a-position/salary-requirements"},{"label":"Home Affairs - Skills in Demand visa streams","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482/core-skills-stream"},{"label":"Home Affairs - skills assessment requirement","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/skills-assessment"},{"label":"Home Affairs - English language visa requirements","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/english-language"},{"label":"Home Affairs - health requirement","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/health"},{"label":"Home Affairs - character requirements for visas","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/character"},{"label":"Home Affairs - biometrics","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/biometrics"},{"label":"Home Affairs — Global visa processing times","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-processing-times/global-visa-processing-times"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"fr-talent-passport-salaried","destinationIso":"fr","destinationName":"France","destinationSlug":"france","visaSlug":"talent-passport-salaried","visaName":"Talent Passport — Salaried Employee (Passeport Talent Salarié)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/france/talent-passport-salaried","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/france-talent-passport-salaried","processingPath":"/processing-times/france/talent-passport-salaried","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/france","sunkCost":{"localMin":358,"localMax":485,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":408,"approxUsdMax":553,"localLabel":"€358-€485","approxUsdLabel":"$408-$553"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":39582,"localMax":39582,"currency":"EUR","approxUsdMin":45100,"approxUsdMax":45100,"localLabel":"€39,582","approxUsdLabel":"$45,100"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Passeport talent - salaried qualified employee","amountLocal":39582,"currency":"EUR","basis":"annual","approxUsd":42500,"description":"Gross annual remuneration floor for the salaried qualified Talent Passport category, verified on the Service-Public page reviewed 01 June 2026, alongside the qualifying diploma and employment-contract requirements.","effectiveFrom":"2026-06-01","sourceName":"Service-Public.fr - Passeport talent","sourceUrl":"https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922"},"salaryThresholdCount":1,"processingReliability":{"score":15,"grade":"opaque","decisionWindow":"Not centrally published","sourceName":"Service-Public.fr - Passeport talent","sourceUrl":"https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922","lastChecked":"2026-06-27"},"score":51,"grade":"complex","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":17,"refundableFunds":4,"salaryFloor":7,"processingReliability":3,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Service-Public.fr — Passeport talent","url":"https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922"},{"label":"France-Visas - official visa application","url":"https://www.france-visas.gouv.fr/en/demande-de-visa"},{"label":"ANEF - online residence procedures","url":"https://administration-etrangers-en-france.interieur.gouv.fr/particuliers/#/"},{"label":"Service-Public.fr - Passeport talent","url":"https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-27","oldestSourceAgeDays":4,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"au-subclass-186-ens","destinationIso":"au","destinationName":"Australia","destinationSlug":"australia","visaSlug":"subclass-186-ens","visaName":"Employer Nomination Scheme (subclass 186)","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"routePath":"/visas/australia/subclass-186-ens","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/australia-subclass-186-employer-nomination-scheme","processingPath":"/processing-times/australia/subclass-186-ens","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/australia","sunkCost":{"localMin":10496,"localMax":13050,"currency":"AUD","approxUsdMin":7229,"approxUsdMax":8988,"localLabel":"A$10,496-A$13,050","approxUsdLabel":"$7,229-$8,988"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":79423,"localMax":79423,"currency":"AUD","approxUsdMin":54699,"approxUsdMax":54699,"localLabel":"A$79,423","approxUsdLabel":"$54,699"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"Employer Nomination Scheme (186) - CSIT and AMSR","amountLocal":79423,"currency":"AUD","basis":"annual","approxUsd":52300,"description":"ENS nominations lodged from 1 July 2026 to 30 June 2027 must meet the Core Skills Income Threshold of AUD 79,423 and the Annual Market Salary Rate unless a specific agreement or exemption changes the rule.","effectiveFrom":"2026-07-01","sourceName":"Home Affairs - salary requirements","sourceUrl":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/employing-and-sponsoring-someone/sponsoring-workers/nominating-a-position/salary-requirements"},"salaryThresholdCount":1,"processingReliability":{"score":61,"grade":"watch","decisionWindow":"6 months – 14 months","sourceName":"Home Affairs — Global visa processing times","sourceUrl":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-processing-times/global-visa-processing-times","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":47,"grade":"high-friction","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":4,"refundableFunds":4,"salaryFloor":7,"processingReliability":12,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":10,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"Department of Home Affairs — ENS (subclass 186)","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/employer-nomination-scheme-186"},{"label":"Home Affairs - cost of sponsoring","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/employing-and-sponsoring-someone/sponsoring-workers/learn-about-sponsoring/cost-of-sponsoring"},{"label":"Home Affairs - current visa pricing table","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/fees-and-charges/current-visa-pricing"},{"label":"Home Affairs - salary requirements","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/employing-and-sponsoring-someone/sponsoring-workers/nominating-a-position/salary-requirements"},{"label":"Home Affairs - 186 Direct Entry stream","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/employer-nomination-scheme-186/direct-entry-stream"},{"label":"Home Affairs - 186 Temporary Residence Transition stream","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/employer-nomination-scheme-186/temporary-residence-transition-stream"},{"label":"Home Affairs - skills assessment requirement","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/skills-assessment"},{"label":"Home Affairs - English language visa requirements","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/english-language"},{"label":"Home Affairs - health requirement","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/health"},{"label":"Home Affairs - character requirements for visas","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/character"},{"label":"Home Affairs - biometrics","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/meeting-our-requirements/biometrics"},{"label":"Home Affairs — Global visa processing times","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-processing-times/global-visa-processing-times"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-06-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":30,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"us-h-1b","destinationIso":"us","destinationName":"United States","destinationSlug":"us","visaSlug":"h-1b","visaName":"H-1B Specialty Occupation","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"routePath":"/visas/us/h-1b","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/us-h-1b","processingPath":"/processing-times/us/h-1b","salaryPath":"/salary-thresholds/us","sunkCost":{"localMin":3595,"localMax":3595,"currency":"USD","approxUsdMin":3595,"approxUsdMax":3595,"localLabel":"US$3,595","approxUsdLabel":"$3,595"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":62000,"localMax":150000,"currency":"USD","approxUsdMin":62000,"approxUsdMax":150000,"localLabel":"US$62,000-US$150,000","approxUsdLabel":"$62,000-$150,000"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":{"routeLabel":"H-1B — Level 1 prevailing wage (median across SOC codes)","amountLocal":62000,"currency":"USD","basis":"annual","approxUsd":62000,"description":"Typical Level 1 prevailing wage across SOC codes for entry-level roles, per DOL's FLC wage library. Actual floor varies by MSA and SOC — check the FLC tool for your specific role and location.","effectiveFrom":"2024-07-01","sourceName":"DOL — Foreign Labor Certification wage search","sourceUrl":"https://flag.dol.gov/wage-data/wage-search"},"salaryThresholdCount":2,"processingReliability":{"score":61,"grade":"watch","decisionWindow":"2 months – 8 months","sourceName":"USCIS — Case Processing Times","sourceUrl":"https://egov.uscis.gov/processing-times/","lastChecked":"2026-06-01"},"score":34,"grade":"high-friction","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":8,"refundableFunds":1,"salaryFloor":3,"processingReliability":12,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":2,"sourceFreshness":3},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"USCIS — H-1B Specialty Occupations","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations"},{"label":"DOL — Labor Condition Application (LCA)","url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/eta/foreign-labor/programs/h-1b"},{"label":"USCIS - Form G-1055 fee schedule","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/g-1055"},{"label":"USCIS - H and L filing fees for Form I-129","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/forms/all-forms/h-and-l-filing-fees-for-form-i-129-petition-for-a-nonimmigrant-worker"},{"label":"U.S. Department of Labor - LCA program and prevailing wage","url":"https://flag.dol.gov/programs/LCA"},{"label":"USCIS - Form I-907 premium processing","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/i-907"},{"label":"U.S. Department of State - Temporary Worker Visas","url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/employment/temporary-worker-visas.html"},{"label":"USCIS — Case Processing Times","url":"https://egov.uscis.gov/processing-times/"},{"label":"DOL — Foreign Labor Certification wage search","url":"https://flag.dol.gov/wage-data/wage-search"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-04-20","oldestSourceAgeDays":72,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]},{"id":"sg-s-pass","destinationIso":"sg","destinationName":"Singapore","destinationSlug":"singapore","visaSlug":"s-pass","visaName":"S Pass","category":"work-sponsored","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"routePath":"/visas/singapore/s-pass","costPath":"/cost-to-complete/singapore-s-pass","processingPath":null,"salaryPath":null,"sunkCost":{"localMin":16405,"localMax":18205,"currency":"SGD","approxUsdMin":12669,"approxUsdMax":14059,"localLabel":"SGD 16,405-SGD 18,205","approxUsdLabel":"$12,669-$14,059"},"refundableFunds":{"localMin":39600,"localMax":45600,"currency":"SGD","approxUsdMin":30582,"approxUsdMax":35215,"localLabel":"SGD 39,600-SGD 45,600","approxUsdLabel":"$30,582-$35,215"},"lowestSalaryThreshold":null,"salaryThresholdCount":0,"processingReliability":null,"score":32,"grade":"high-friction","scoreBreakdown":{"sunkCost":1,"refundableFunds":4,"salaryFloor":10,"processingReliability":5,"sponsorFlexibility":5,"settlementPath":2,"sourceFreshness":5},"sourceUrls":[{"label":"MOM — S Pass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/s-pass/eligibility"},{"label":"MOM — Apply for an S Pass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/s-pass/apply-for-a-pass"},{"label":"MOM — S Pass quota and levy","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/s-pass/quota-and-levy/levy-and-quota-requirements"},{"label":"MOM — S Pass medical insurance","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/s-pass/medical-insurance"},{"label":"MOM - S Pass documents required","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/s-pass/documents-required"},{"label":"MOM - Apply for a Dependant's Pass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/dependants-pass/apply-for-a-pass"},{"label":"European Central Bank - euro foreign exchange reference rates","url":"https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml"}],"lastChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceChecked":"2026-07-01","oldestSourceAgeDays":0,"caveats":["This is a planning-accessibility score, not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.","Salary scoring uses the lowest route-specific threshold in the tracked salary dataset; not every applicant can use every reduced threshold.","Approximate USD values use the same ECB reference-rate snapshot as the Skilled Migration Cost Index and are for cross-currency ordering only."]}]}