[{"destination":"uk","slug":"skilled-worker","name":"Skilled Worker visa","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Work visa for non-UK workers with a job offer from a Home Office–licensed sponsor in an eligible occupation.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to 5 years on initial grant, extendable; leads to settlement after continuous residence.","primarySource":{"label":"GOV.UK — Skilled Worker visa","url":"https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa","authority":"UK Home Office","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"uk","slug":"health-and-care-worker","name":"Health and Care Worker visa","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Discounted Skilled Worker route for eligible NHS, adult social care, and allied health roles.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to 5 years on initial grant; leads to settlement after 5 years continuous residence.","primarySource":{"label":"GOV.UK — Health and Care Worker visa","url":"https://www.gov.uk/health-care-worker-visa","authority":"UK Home Office","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"uk","slug":"global-talent","name":"Global Talent visa","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Unsponsored visa for leaders or potential leaders in academia, research, arts, culture, or digital technology.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to 5 years per grant; leads to settlement after 3 or 5 years depending on endorsement type.","primarySource":{"label":"GOV.UK — Global Talent visa","url":"https://www.gov.uk/global-talent","authority":"UK Home Office","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"uk","slug":"graduate","name":"Graduate visa","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Post-study work visa for recent graduates of eligible UK higher education institutions.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"2 years (3 years for doctoral graduates); non-extendable.","primarySource":{"label":"GOV.UK — Graduate visa","url":"https://www.gov.uk/graduate-visa","authority":"UK Home Office","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"uk","slug":"high-potential-individual","name":"High Potential Individual visa","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Unsponsored work visa for graduates of a time-limited list of top global universities.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"2 years (3 years for PhD graduates). Non-extendable.","primarySource":{"label":"GOV.UK — High Potential Individual visa","url":"https://www.gov.uk/high-potential-individual-visa","authority":"UK Home Office","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"uk","slug":"innovator-founder","name":"Innovator Founder visa","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Endorsement-based visa for founders launching an innovative, viable and scalable business in the UK.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"3 years per grant; extendable. Leads to settlement after 3 years.","primarySource":{"label":"GOV.UK — Innovator Founder visa","url":"https://www.gov.uk/innovator-founder-visa","authority":"UK Home Office","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"uk","slug":"scale-up","name":"Scale-up visa","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Sponsored route for workers joining qualifying fast-growing UK scale-up businesses, with faster settlement timelines.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"2 years; extendable; leads to settlement after 5 years.","primarySource":{"label":"GOV.UK — Scale-up Worker visa","url":"https://www.gov.uk/scale-up-worker-visa","authority":"UK Home Office","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"uk","slug":"youth-mobility-scheme","name":"Youth Mobility Scheme visa","category":"youth-mobility","summary":"Unsponsored 2-year visa for 18–30 or 18–35 year olds from participating countries and territories.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"2 years (3 years for specified partners such as New Zealand). Non-extendable.","primarySource":{"label":"GOV.UK — Youth Mobility Scheme visa","url":"https://www.gov.uk/youth-mobility","authority":"UK Home Office","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"uk","slug":"student","name":"Student visa","category":"study","summary":"Study visa for international students enrolled with a licensed Student sponsor at eligible UK institutions.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Varies with course — up to length of course plus a short wrap-around.","primarySource":{"label":"GOV.UK — Student visa","url":"https://www.gov.uk/student-visa","authority":"UK Home Office","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"uk","slug":"family-spouse","name":"Family visa (partner/spouse)","category":"family","summary":"Visa for partners of British citizens, settled persons, or certain other qualifying sponsors.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial 2.5 years then extension to 5 years total; leads to settlement.","primarySource":{"label":"GOV.UK — Family visas","url":"https://www.gov.uk/uk-family-visa","authority":"UK Home Office","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"uk","slug":"visit-visa-standard","name":"Standard Visitor visa","category":"short-term-business","summary":"Short-stay visa for tourism, visiting family, or permitted business activities up to 6 months.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 6 months per visit; long-term visitor visas valid 2, 5, or 10 years (each stay still 6 months max).","primarySource":{"label":"GOV.UK — Standard Visitor visa","url":"https://www.gov.uk/standard-visitor","authority":"UK Home Office","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ie","slug":"critical-skills-employment-permit","name":"Critical Skills Employment Permit","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Fast-track employment permit for high-skill roles on the Critical Skills Occupations List.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"2 years initially; leads to Stamp 4 permission and long-term residence after 2 years.","primarySource":{"label":"DETE — Critical Skills Employment Permit","url":"https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/what-we-do/workplace-and-skills/employment-permits/permit-types/critical-skills-employment-permit/","authority":"Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment (Ireland)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ie","slug":"general-employment-permit","name":"General Employment Permit","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Sponsored employment permit for roles not on the Critical Skills list but above the general salary threshold.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"2 years initially; renewable; longer-term residence possible after 5 years.","primarySource":{"label":"DETE — General Employment Permit","url":"https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/what-we-do/workplace-and-skills/employment-permits/permit-types/general-employment-permit/","authority":"Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ie","slug":"step-startup-visa","name":"Start-up Entrepreneur Programme (STEP)","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Residence programme for founders establishing a High Potential Start-Up in Ireland.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial 2-year permission; renewable; leads to Stamp 4 after 5 years.","primarySource":{"label":"ISD — Start-up Entrepreneur Programme","url":"https://www.irishimmigration.ie/coming-to-work-in-ireland/start-up-entrepreneur-programme/","authority":"Immigration Service Delivery (Ireland)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ie","slug":"stamp-4","name":"Stamp 4 permission","category":"residence-general","summary":"Long-term residence permission allowing unrestricted work in Ireland.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Typically issued for 1–5 years at a time; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"ISD — Registration (immigration permission)","url":"https://www.irishimmigration.ie/registering-your-immigration-permission/","authority":"Immigration Service Delivery","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ie","slug":"student-visa","name":"Irish Student visa (Stamp 2)","category":"study","summary":"Study permission for international students enrolled at eligible Irish institutions on the Interim List of Eligible Programmes.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 1 year at a time; renewable during studies.","primarySource":{"label":"ISD — Coming to study in Ireland","url":"https://www.irishimmigration.ie/coming-to-study-in-ireland/","authority":"Immigration Service Delivery","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ie","slug":"join-family-of-irish-national","name":"Join Family (Irish national or EEA national)","category":"family","summary":"Family reunification permission for spouses, civil partners, and dependants of Irish or EEA nationals resident in Ireland.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Variable — usually 1–3 years at a time; leads to Stamp 4.","primarySource":{"label":"ISD — Family reunification","url":"https://www.irishimmigration.ie/my-situation-has-changed-since-i-arrived-in-ireland/join-my-family-who-are-citizens-of-the-uk-or-the-eea-swiss-confederation/","authority":"Immigration Service Delivery","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ie","slug":"iip-closed","name":"Immigrant Investor Programme (IIP — closed)","category":"investor","summary":"Historic golden-visa equivalent; closed to new applications from 15 February 2023.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Closed to new applicants.","primarySource":{"label":"ISD — Immigrant Investor Programme (closed)","url":"https://www.irishimmigration.ie/coming-to-live-in-ireland/immigrant-investor-programme/","authority":"Immigration Service Delivery","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"de","slug":"eu-blue-card","name":"EU Blue Card (Germany)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Work and residence permit for highly qualified non-EU professionals with a qualifying German job offer.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"4 years (or duration of contract + 3 months, whichever is shorter).","primarySource":{"label":"Make it in Germany — EU Blue Card","url":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/eu-blue-card","authority":"BMWK / Federal Government","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"de","slug":"chancenkarte","name":"Chancenkarte (Germany Opportunity Card)","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Points-based 1-year residence permit that lets non-EU skilled workers from any country move to Germany without a job offer to search for qualifying work. Six points or full qualification recognition required.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to 12 months initial; one-time extension as Anschluss-Chancenkarte for up to 24 more months if a qualifying job offer is held but full recognition is still pending.","primarySource":{"label":"Make it in Germany — Opportunity Card (Federal Government info portal)","url":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/opportunity-card","authority":"Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"de","slug":"skilled-worker-de","name":"Skilled Worker residence permit (§18a/§18b AufenthG)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Sponsored work and residence permit for qualified non-EU workers from any country worldwide who have a German job offer and a recognised qualification.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Usually up to 4 years or contract length plus 3 months.","primarySource":{"label":"Make it in Germany — Work visa for qualified professionals","url":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/work-visa","authority":"BMWK / Federal Government","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"de","slug":"recognition-partnership","name":"Recognition Partnership (Anerkennungspartnerschaft)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Residence permit allowing skilled workers to complete their qualification recognition while living and working in Germany.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to 3 years.","primarySource":{"label":"Make it in Germany — Recognition Partnership","url":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/opportunities-for-foreign-skilled-workers/recognition-partnership","authority":"BMWK / Federal Government","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"de","slug":"freelancer-visa","name":"Freelance / Self-employment residence permit (§21 AufenthG)","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Residence permit for self-employed workers and liberal professionals establishing a business in Germany.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial 3 years typically; leads to settlement.","primarySource":{"label":"Make it in Germany — Self-employment","url":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/visa-residence/self-employment","authority":"BMWK / Federal Government","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"de","slug":"job-seeker-visa","name":"Job Seeker visa (§20 AufenthG)","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Up to 6-month residence permit for qualified workers to seek employment in Germany (largely superseded by Chancenkarte).","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 6 months, non-renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"BAMF — Residence for the purpose of seeking work","url":"https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Migrathek/ErwerbstaetigeAkademiker/StellensucheVisum/stellensuchevisum-node.html","authority":"BAMF","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"de","slug":"student-de","name":"German Student residence permit","category":"study","summary":"Residence permit for international students enrolled at recognised German higher education institutions.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"1–2 years at a time; renewable for programme duration.","primarySource":{"label":"Make it in Germany — Study","url":"https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/study-training/study","authority":"BMWK / Federal Government","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"de","slug":"family-reunion-de","name":"Family reunion residence permit","category":"family","summary":"Residence permit for spouses and children of German residents or citizens.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Typically 1–3 years at a time; leads to settlement.","primarySource":{"label":"BAMF — Family reunification","url":"https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Migrathek/Familiennachzug/familiennachzug-node.html","authority":"BAMF","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"pt","slug":"d7-passive-income","name":"D7 visa (passive income / retirement)","category":"residence-general","summary":"Residence visa for non-EU nationals with stable passive income (pensions, rental income, dividends).","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial 4-month entry visa; 2-year residence card renewable for 3 years; leads to permanent residence or citizenship after 5 years.","primarySource":{"label":"VistosMNE — Residence visas","url":"https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/long-stay-visas/visa-application-requirements/residence-visa/residence-visa","authority":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Portugal)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"pt","slug":"d8-digital-nomad","name":"D8 visa (digital nomad / remote work)","category":"digital-nomad","summary":"Residence visa for remote workers employed by or freelancing for companies outside Portugal.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Residence track: same 2+3 year pattern as D7, leading to permanent residence or citizenship.","primarySource":{"label":"VistosMNE — Digital nomads (D8)","url":"https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/long-stay-visas/visa-application-requirements/visa-for-the-exercise-of-subordinate-professional-or-independent-professional-activity","authority":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Portugal)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"pt","slug":"d2-entrepreneur","name":"D2 visa (entrepreneur / self-employment)","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Residence visa for business owners, founders, and self-employed workers establishing activity in Portugal.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Same 2+3 year residence permit pattern; leads to permanent residence or citizenship after 5 years.","primarySource":{"label":"VistosMNE — D2 visa","url":"https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/long-stay-visas/visa-application-requirements/visa-to-conduct-an-investment-or-independent-professional-activity","authority":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Portugal)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"pt","slug":"golden-visa","name":"Portugal Golden Visa (residence by investment)","category":"investor","summary":"Residence-by-investment route; real-estate and capital-transfer pathways were closed in October 2023, but fund-investment and other options remain.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial 2-year residence renewable; very low physical-presence requirement (7 days in year 1, 14 in years 2 and 3).","primarySource":{"label":"AIMA — Residence Permit for Investment Activity (ARI)","url":"https://aima.gov.pt/en/viver/autorizacao-de-residencia/residence-permit-for-investment-activity-ari","authority":"AIMA","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"pt","slug":"d3-highly-qualified","name":"D3 visa (highly qualified activity)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Residence visa for highly qualified workers with a Portuguese employment contract.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"2+3 year pattern leading to permanent residence or citizenship.","primarySource":{"label":"VistosMNE — Residence visa for highly qualified activity","url":"https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/long-stay-visas/visa-application-requirements/visa-for-the-exercise-of-a-highly-qualified-or-cultural-activity","authority":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Portugal)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"pt","slug":"student-pt","name":"Portuguese Student visa","category":"study","summary":"Residence visa for international students enrolled in Portuguese higher education or research programmes.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Programme length; annual renewal.","primarySource":{"label":"VistosMNE — Study visa","url":"https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/long-stay-visas/visa-application-requirements/visa-to-study-student-exchange-unpaid-internship-or-volunteering","authority":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Portugal)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"pt","slug":"family-reunification-pt","name":"Family reunification (residence)","category":"family","summary":"Residence authorisation for family members of legal residents in Portugal.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Matches sponsor's residence; leads to settlement.","primarySource":{"label":"AIMA — Family reunification","url":"https://aima.gov.pt/en/viver/autorizacao-de-residencia/family-reunification","authority":"AIMA","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"es","slug":"digital-nomad-visa","name":"Digital Nomad Visa (Spain)","category":"digital-nomad","summary":"Residence permit for remote workers and international freelancers under the Startup Law (Ley de Startups).","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial 1-year consular visa, extendable to 3-year residence permit, then renewable for further 2 years; counts toward permanent residence after 5 years.","primarySource":{"label":"Ministerio — International teleworking residence","url":"https://extranjeros.inclusion.gob.es/en/InformacionInteres/InformacionProcedimientos/documentos/ha_trabajadores_teletrabajo.pdf","authority":"Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migrations","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"es","slug":"non-lucrative-visa","name":"Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV)","category":"residence-general","summary":"Residence visa for financially self-sufficient non-EEA nationals not planning to work in Spain.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial 1 year; renewable for 2-year periods; leads to permanent residence after 5 years.","primarySource":{"label":"Ministerio — Non-Lucrative Residence","url":"https://extranjeros.inclusion.gob.es/en/InformacionInteres/InformacionProcedimientos/CiudadanosNoComunitarios/hoja003/index.html","authority":"Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migrations","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"es","slug":"highly-qualified-professional","name":"Highly Qualified Professional (HQP) permit","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Residence permit for highly qualified workers with a Spanish employment contract, processed under the Law 14/2013 regime.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"3 years; renewable for 2 years; leads to permanent residence after 5.","primarySource":{"label":"Ministerio — Highly Qualified Professional","url":"https://extranjeros.inclusion.gob.es/en/InformacionInteres/InformacionProcedimientos/documentos/ha_profesionales_altamente_cualificados.pdf","authority":"Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migrations","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"es","slug":"entrepreneur-visa","name":"Entrepreneur Visa (Ley 14/2013)","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Residence permit for founders establishing an innovative business in Spain under the Entrepreneurs' Law.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial 3 years; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Ministerio — Entrepreneur residence","url":"https://extranjeros.inclusion.gob.es/en/InformacionInteres/InformacionProcedimientos/documentos/ha_profesionales_emprendedor.pdf","authority":"Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migrations","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"es","slug":"golden-visa-ending","name":"Spain Golden Visa (ending April 2025)","category":"investor","summary":"Residence-by-investment route announced to end on 3 April 2025; residual queries reference historical rules.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Closed to new property-based applications from 3 April 2025.","primarySource":{"label":"BOE — Organic Law 1/2025 ending the property Golden Visa","url":"https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/2025/01/02/1","authority":"Boletín Oficial del Estado","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"es","slug":"student-es","name":"Spanish Student Visa","category":"study","summary":"Study visa for courses longer than 90 days at recognised Spanish institutions.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Programme length; annual renewal.","primarySource":{"label":"Ministerio — Study residence","url":"https://extranjeros.inclusion.gob.es/en/InformacionInteres/InformacionProcedimientos/CiudadanosNoComunitarios/hoja008/index.html","authority":"Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migrations","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"es","slug":"family-reunification-es","name":"Family reunification (Spain)","category":"family","summary":"Residence permit for family members of Spanish residents; arreigo (settled-status) routes also available.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Matches sponsor; leads to settlement.","primarySource":{"label":"Ministerio — Family reunification","url":"https://extranjeros.inclusion.gob.es/en/InformacionInteres/InformacionProcedimientos/CiudadanosNoComunitarios/hoja014/index.html","authority":"Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migrations","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"nl","slug":"highly-skilled-migrant","name":"Highly Skilled Migrant (Kennismigrant)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Primary sponsored work route for high-skill workers hired by IND-recognised sponsors.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Matches contract, up to 5 years; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"IND — Highly Skilled Migrant","url":"https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant","authority":"Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"nl","slug":"orientation-year","name":"Orientation year (Zoekjaar)","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Free 1-year permit to live and work in the Netherlands while you look for a job — open to recent graduates of Dutch universities or top-ranked global universities. No job offer needed to apply.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"1 year, non-renewable as Zoekjaar.","primarySource":{"label":"IND — Orientation year for highly educated persons","url":"https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/study/orientation-year-for-highly-educated-persons","authority":"Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"nl","slug":"eu-blue-card-nl","name":"EU Blue Card (Netherlands)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Dutch implementation of the EU Blue Card for highly qualified non-EU workers.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Matches contract, up to 4 years plus 3 months; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"IND — European Blue Card","url":"https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/european-blue-card","authority":"Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"nl","slug":"daft","name":"Dutch-American Friendship Treaty (DAFT) entrepreneur","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Treaty-based self-employment residence for US nationals starting a business in the Netherlands.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial 2 years, renewable for 5; leads to permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"IND — Self-employed person (DAFT / Dutch-Japanese friendship treaty)","url":"https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/self-employed-person","authority":"Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"nl","slug":"startup-visa-nl","name":"Startup Visa (Netherlands)","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"1-year residence permit for founders working with a recognised Dutch startup facilitator.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"1 year, non-renewable as Startup Visa; transitions to self-employment route.","primarySource":{"label":"IND — Residence permit for startups","url":"https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-startup","authority":"Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"nl","slug":"student-nl","name":"Dutch Student residence permit","category":"study","summary":"Study residence for international students enrolled at Dutch higher-education institutions.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Programme length.","primarySource":{"label":"IND — Residence permit for study","url":"https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/study/residence-permit-study","authority":"Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"nl","slug":"partner-visa-nl","name":"Partner residence (Dutch national or resident 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Authority for Identity, Citizenship, Customs and Ports Security (ICP)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ae","slug":"green-visa","name":"UAE Green Visa","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"5-year self-sponsored residence for skilled employees, freelancers, and investors.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"5 years, renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"UAE Government Portal — Green residence","url":"https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/visa-and-emirates-id/residence-visas/green-residence","authority":"ICP","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ae","slug":"employment-visa","name":"UAE Employment (Standard Residence) visa","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Standard employer-sponsored residence for workers recruited by UAE companies.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"2 or 3 years, tied to employer.","primarySource":{"label":"UAE Government Portal — Residence visas","url":"https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/visa-and-emirates-id/residence-visas","authority":"ICP","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ae","slug":"remote-work-visa","name":"UAE Virtual Working Programme","category":"digital-nomad","summary":"1-year residence for remote workers employed by companies outside the UAE.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"1 year, renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Visit Dubai — Virtual Working Programme","url":"https://www.visitdubai.com/en/business-in-dubai/why-dubai/virtual-working-programme","authority":"Dubai Government","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ae","slug":"investor-visa-ae","name":"UAE Investor / Partner residence visa","category":"investor","summary":"Residence for business owners and partners holding qualifying shares in UAE companies.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"2 or 3 years, renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"UAE Government Portal — Investor residence","url":"https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/visa-and-emirates-id/residence-visas/investor-residence-visa","authority":"ICP","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ae","slug":"freelance-permit","name":"UAE freelance permit with residence","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Self-sponsored freelance residence via MOHRE or free-zone freelance permits.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"2–5 years depending on scheme.","primarySource":{"label":"MOHRE — Freelance permit","url":"https://www.mohre.gov.ae/en/services/freelance-work-permit.aspx","authority":"Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ca","slug":"express-entry-cec","name":"Express Entry — Canadian Experience Class (CEC)","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Federal permanent-residence stream for applicants with qualifying Canadian work experience.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"IRCC — Canadian Experience Class","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/eligibility/canadian-experience-class.html","authority":"Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ca","slug":"express-entry-fsw","name":"Express Entry — Federal Skilled Worker (FSW)","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Federal points-based permanent residence for skilled workers without prior Canadian experience.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"IRCC — Federal Skilled Worker Program","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/eligibility/federal-skilled-workers.html","authority":"IRCC","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ca","slug":"express-entry-fst","name":"Express Entry — Federal Skilled Trades (FST)","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Permanent residence for qualified tradespeople with a Canadian job offer or provincial certification.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"IRCC — Federal Skilled Trades Program","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/eligibility/federal-skilled-trades.html","authority":"IRCC","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ca","slug":"pnp","name":"Provincial Nominee Program (PNP)","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Province-led permanent residence streams giving a 600 CRS boost when aligned with Express Entry.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"IRCC — Provincial Nominee Program","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/provincial-nominees.html","authority":"IRCC","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ca","slug":"pgwp","name":"Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP)","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Open work permit for graduates of eligible Canadian Designated Learning Institutions.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 3 years.","primarySource":{"label":"IRCC — Post-Graduation Work Permit","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/work/after-graduation.html","authority":"IRCC","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ca","slug":"start-up-visa","name":"Start-Up Visa (Canada)","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Permanent residence for entrepreneurs with endorsement from a designated Canadian venture capital fund, angel investor group, or business incubator.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"IRCC — Start-Up Visa","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/start-visa.html","authority":"IRCC","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ca","slug":"study-permit-ca","name":"Canadian Study Permit","category":"study","summary":"Study permit for international students at Designated Learning Institutions, governed by provincial study attestation caps.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Programme length plus 90 days.","primarySource":{"label":"IRCC — Study in Canada","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada.html","authority":"IRCC","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ca","slug":"spousal-sponsorship","name":"Spousal / common-law sponsorship (Canada)","category":"family","summary":"Permanent residence sponsorship of spouses, common-law partners, or conjugal partners by Canadian citizens or permanent residents.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"IRCC — Sponsor your spouse","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/family-sponsorship/sponsor-spouse-partner-child.html","authority":"IRCC","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"au","slug":"subclass-482-tss","name":"Skills in Demand visa (subclass 482)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Employer-sponsored temporary work visa (formerly TSS) with reformed routes from December 2024.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to 4 years.","primarySource":{"label":"Department of Home Affairs — Skills in Demand visa","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-482","authority":"Department of Home Affairs","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"au","slug":"subclass-189-skilled-independent","name":"Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189)","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Points-based permanent residence visa for skilled workers without employer or state sponsorship.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"Department of Home Affairs — Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189)","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-independent-189","authority":"Department of Home Affairs","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"au","slug":"subclass-190-skilled-nominated","name":"Skilled Nominated visa (subclass 190)","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"State-nominated permanent residence visa providing a 5-point SkillSelect boost.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"Department of Home Affairs — Skilled Nominated visa (subclass 190)","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-nominated-190","authority":"Department of Home Affairs","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"au","slug":"subclass-491-skilled-regional","name":"Skilled Work Regional (Provisional) visa (subclass 491)","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Provisional 5-year regional visa leading to permanent residence via subclass 191.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"5 years provisional, with pathway to permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"Department of Home Affairs — Skilled Work Regional (subclass 491)","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skilled-work-regional-provisional-491","authority":"Department of Home Affairs","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"au","slug":"subclass-186-ens","name":"Employer Nomination Scheme (subclass 186)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Permanent residence visa for workers nominated by Australian employers.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"Department of Home Affairs — ENS (subclass 186)","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/employer-nomination-scheme-186","authority":"Department of Home Affairs","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"au","slug":"working-holiday","name":"Working Holiday Maker visa (subclass 417/462)","category":"youth-mobility","summary":"Short-term work-and-travel visa for young people from participating countries.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"12 months per grant; up to 3 visas with qualifying specified work.","primarySource":{"label":"Department of Home Affairs — Working Holiday visa","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/work-holiday-417","authority":"Department of Home Affairs","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"au","slug":"global-talent-au","name":"National Innovation visa (formerly Global Talent)","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Permanent residence for globally recognised high achievers in target sectors — replacement for the former Global Talent visa.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"Department of Home Affairs — National Innovation visa","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/national-innovation-858","authority":"Department of Home Affairs","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"au","slug":"student-au","name":"Australian Student visa (subclass 500)","category":"study","summary":"Study visa for international students enrolled at CRICOS-registered institutions.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Programme length plus small buffer.","primarySource":{"label":"Department of Home Affairs — Student visa (subclass 500)","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/student-500","authority":"Department of Home Affairs","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"au","slug":"partner-visa-au","name":"Partner visa (subclass 820/801, 309/100)","category":"family","summary":"Residence visa for spouses and de facto partners of Australian citizens, permanent residents, or eligible New Zealand citizens.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial provisional to permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"Department of Home Affairs — Partner visa","url":"https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/partner-onshore","authority":"Department of Home Affairs","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"us","slug":"h-1b","name":"H-1B Specialty Occupation","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Employer-sponsored non-immigrant visa for specialty occupations requiring a bachelor’s degree or higher.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Initial 3 years; extendable to 6 years (longer with approved I-140).","primarySource":{"label":"USCIS — H-1B Specialty Occupations","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations","authority":"U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"us","slug":"l-1a","name":"L-1A Intracompany Transferee (Executive or Manager)","category":"intra-company","summary":"Intracompany transfer for executives or managers moving to a US office of a related multinational employer.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Initial 3 years (1 year for new-office L-1A); extendable to 7 years total.","primarySource":{"label":"USCIS — L-1A Intracompany Transferee Executive or Manager","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/l-1a-intracompany-transferee-executive-or-manager","authority":"U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"us","slug":"l-1b","name":"L-1B Intracompany Transferee (Specialised Knowledge)","category":"intra-company","summary":"Intracompany transfer for employees with specialised knowledge of the employer’s products, services, or processes.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Initial 3 years (1 year for new-office L-1B); extendable to 5 years total.","primarySource":{"label":"USCIS — L-1B Intracompany Transferee Specialized Knowledge","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/l-1b-intracompany-transferee-specialized-knowledge","authority":"U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"us","slug":"o-1","name":"O-1 Individuals with Extraordinary Ability or Achievement","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Visa for individuals with extraordinary ability in sciences, education, business, athletics (O-1A) or the arts/film/television (O-1B).","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 3 years initially; 1-year extensions available indefinitely.","primarySource":{"label":"USCIS — O-1 Visa: Individuals with Extraordinary Ability or Achievement","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/o-1-visa-individuals-with-extraordinary-ability-or-achievement","authority":"U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"us","slug":"eb-1a","name":"EB-1A Extraordinary Ability (Immigrant)","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Employment-based first-preference green card for individuals with extraordinary ability — self-petitionable.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent residence (green card).","primarySource":{"label":"USCIS — Employment-Based Immigration: First Preference EB-1","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/permanent-workers/employment-based-immigration-first-preference-eb-1","authority":"U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"us","slug":"eb-2-niw","name":"EB-2 National Interest Waiver (NIW)","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Second-preference green card with a waiver of the job offer and PERM labor certification, where the beneficiary’s work is in the US national interest.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"USCIS — Employment-Based Immigration: Second Preference EB-2","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/permanent-workers/employment-based-immigration-second-preference-eb-2","authority":"U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"us","slug":"eb-3","name":"EB-3 Skilled, Professional, and Other Workers","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Third-preference employment-based green card requiring employer sponsorship and PERM labor certification.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"USCIS — Employment-Based Immigration: Third Preference EB-3","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/permanent-workers/employment-based-immigration-third-preference-eb-3","authority":"U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"us","slug":"eb-5","name":"EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program","category":"investor","summary":"Permanent residence through investment in a new US commercial enterprise that creates at least 10 full-time jobs.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Conditional 2-year residence leading to unconditional permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"USCIS — EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/permanent-workers/employment-based-immigration-fifth-preference-eb-5/eb-5-immigrant-investor-program","authority":"U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"us","slug":"e-2","name":"E-2 Treaty Investor","category":"investor","summary":"Non-immigrant treaty investor visa for nationals of countries with a qualifying treaty of commerce and navigation with the US.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Initial up to 2 years at port of entry (5-year visa stamp for many nationalities); renewable indefinitely.","primarySource":{"label":"USCIS — E-2 Treaty Investors","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/e-2-treaty-investors","authority":"U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"us","slug":"f-1","name":"F-1 Student Visa (with OPT and STEM OPT)","category":"study","summary":"Non-immigrant student visa for academic study at a SEVP-certified institution, with post-study OPT employment authorisation.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Duration of study (D/S); OPT up to 12 months; STEM OPT extension up to 24 additional months.","primarySource":{"label":"USCIS — Students and Employment","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/students-and-exchange-visitors/students-and-employment","authority":"U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"us","slug":"j-1","name":"J-1 Exchange Visitor","category":"study","summary":"Exchange visitor visa covering academic scholars, students, trainees, interns, researchers, au pairs, and other exchange programs.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Program-dependent: from weeks (intern) to up to 5 years (research scholar).","primarySource":{"label":"US Department of State — J-1 Visa Exchange Visitor Program","url":"https://j1visa.state.gov/","authority":"U.S. Department of State","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"us","slug":"tn","name":"TN USMCA Professionals (Canada & Mexico)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Non-immigrant work visa under USMCA for Canadian and Mexican citizens in listed professions.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 3 years; renewable indefinitely while activity continues.","primarySource":{"label":"USCIS — TN NAFTA Professionals","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/tn-nafta-professionals","authority":"U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"us","slug":"k-1","name":"K-1 Fiancé(e) of US Citizen","category":"family","summary":"Non-immigrant visa allowing the fiancé(e) of a US citizen to enter the US to marry within 90 days and then apply for a green card.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Single-entry 6 months; must marry within 90 days of entry.","primarySource":{"label":"USCIS — Visas for Fiancé(e)s of US Citizens","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/family/family-of-us-citizens/visas-for-fiancees-of-us-citizens","authority":"U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"us","slug":"spousal-green-card","name":"Spouse of US Citizen or Green Card Holder (IR1/CR1 & F2A)","category":"family","summary":"Permanent residence for the spouse of a US citizen (IR1/CR1) or lawful permanent resident (F2A preference).","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent residence (conditional 2-year CR1 converts to 10-year card via I-751).","primarySource":{"label":"USCIS — Bringing Spouses to Live in the US as Permanent Residents","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/family/family-of-us-citizens/bringing-spouses-to-live-in-the-united-states-as-permanent-residents","authority":"U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"sg","slug":"employment-pass","name":"Employment Pass (EP)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Work pass for foreign professionals, managers, and executives earning above the qualifying salary, issued to employers.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 2 years on first issuance; renewable for up to 3 years.","primarySource":{"label":"MOM — Employment Pass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass","authority":"Ministry of Manpower (MOM)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"sg","slug":"s-pass","name":"S Pass","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Work pass for mid-level skilled foreign workers earning above the S Pass qualifying salary, subject to employer quota and levy.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 2 years; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"MOM — S Pass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/s-pass","authority":"Ministry of Manpower (MOM)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"sg","slug":"one-pass","name":"Overseas Networks & Expertise Pass (ONE Pass)","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Premium 5-year pass for top-earning professionals, business leaders, and outstanding achievers — not tied to a single employer.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"5 years; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"MOM — Overseas Networks & Expertise Pass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/overseas-networks-expertise-pass","authority":"Ministry of Manpower (MOM)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"sg","slug":"entrepass","name":"EntrePass","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Work pass for foreign entrepreneurs starting and operating a venture-capital-backed or innovative business in Singapore.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"1 year initially; renewable for 2 years subject to meeting business milestones.","primarySource":{"label":"MOM — EntrePass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/entrepass","authority":"Ministry of Manpower (MOM)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"sg","slug":"personalised-employment-pass","name":"Personalised Employment Pass (PEP)","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Non-employer-tied work pass for high-earning EP holders or overseas professionals earning above SGD 22,500 per month.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"3 years; non-renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"MOM — Personalised Employment Pass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/personalised-employment-pass","authority":"Ministry of Manpower (MOM)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"sg","slug":"dependants-pass","name":"Dependant's Pass (DP)","category":"family","summary":"Pass for spouses and children of EP, S Pass, EntrePass, or PEP holders meeting the minimum salary threshold.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Tied to sponsor's work pass validity.","primarySource":{"label":"MOM — Dependant's Pass","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/dependants-pass","authority":"Ministry of Manpower (MOM)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"sg","slug":"student-pass-sg","name":"Student Pass","category":"study","summary":"Pass for international students studying full-time at approved Singapore educational institutions.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Duration of study programme.","primarySource":{"label":"ICA — Student's Pass","url":"https://www.ica.gov.sg/pass/studentpass","authority":"Immigration & Checkpoints Authority (ICA)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"nz","slug":"skilled-migrant-category","name":"Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Points-based residence visa for skilled workers — New Zealand's primary pathway to permanent residence for skilled migrants.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"Immigration New Zealand — Skilled Migrant Category","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/skilled-migrant-category-resident-visa","authority":"Immigration New Zealand (INZ)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"nz","slug":"accredited-employer-work-visa","name":"Accredited Employer Work Visa (AEWV)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Employer-sponsored temporary work visa — New Zealand's main route for skilled workers with a job offer from an accredited employer.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 3 years (variable by occupation and pay).","primarySource":{"label":"Immigration New Zealand — Accredited Employer Work Visa","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/accredited-employer-work-visa","authority":"Immigration New Zealand (INZ)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"nz","slug":"working-holiday-nz","name":"Working Holiday Visa","category":"youth-mobility","summary":"Temporary visa for young people (18–30 or 18–35) from partner countries to work, travel, and study in New Zealand.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"12 months (23 months for UK and Canada).","primarySource":{"label":"Immigration New Zealand — Working Holiday visa","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/working-holiday-visa","authority":"Immigration New Zealand (INZ)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"nz","slug":"post-study-work-visa","name":"Post-Study Work Visa","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Open work visa for international graduates of eligible New Zealand qualifications — 1 to 3 years depending on qualification level and location.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"1–3 years depending on qualification level and study location.","primarySource":{"label":"Immigration New Zealand — Post-study work visa","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/post-study-work-visa","authority":"Immigration New Zealand (INZ)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"nz","slug":"partner-resident-visa","name":"Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa","category":"family","summary":"Residence visa for partners (married, civil union, or de facto) of New Zealand citizens or residents.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"Immigration New Zealand — Partnership-based visas","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/already-have-a-visa/my-situation-has-changed/i-am-in-a-relationship","authority":"Immigration New Zealand (INZ)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"nz","slug":"active-investor-plus","name":"Active Investor Plus Visa","category":"investor","summary":"Residence visa for investors committing at least NZD 5 million in acceptable NZ investments over 4 years.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"4-year conditional resident visa; transitions to full residence.","primarySource":{"label":"Immigration New Zealand — Active Investor Plus","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/active-investor-plus-visa","authority":"Immigration New Zealand (INZ)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"nz","slug":"student-visa-nz","name":"Student Visa","category":"study","summary":"Visa for international students studying full-time at approved New Zealand education providers.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Duration of study programme plus a short buffer.","primarySource":{"label":"Immigration New Zealand — Student visa","url":"https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/student-visa","authority":"Immigration New Zealand (INZ)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"fr","slug":"talent-passport-salaried","name":"Talent Passport — Salaried Employee (Passeport Talent Salarié)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Multi-year residence permit for qualified employees earning at least 2× the French minimum wage (SMIC), issued directly for up to 4 years.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to 4 years; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Service-Public.fr — Passeport talent","url":"https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922","authority":"Direction générale des étrangers en France (DGEF)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"fr","slug":"talent-passport-researcher","name":"Talent Passport — Researcher (Passeport Talent Chercheur)","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Multi-year residence permit for researchers with a hosting agreement (convention d'accueil) from a French research institution.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to 4 years; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Service-Public.fr — Passeport talent chercheur","url":"https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922","authority":"DGEF","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"fr","slug":"eu-blue-card-france","name":"EU Blue Card (Carte Bleue Européenne)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"EU-wide highly qualified worker permit requiring a degree and a salary of at least 1.5× the average gross salary in France.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to 4 years; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Service-Public.fr — Carte bleue européenne","url":"https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F21516","authority":"DGEF","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"fr","slug":"vls-ts-salaried","name":"Long-Stay Visa — Salaried Worker (VLS-TS Salarié)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Standard work visa for non-EU nationals with a French employment contract who do not meet Talent Passport criteria — requires a full labour-market test.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"1 year; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Service-Public.fr — Travail d'un salarié étranger","url":"https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F2728","authority":"DGEF","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"fr","slug":"student-visa-france","name":"Student Visa (VLS-TS Étudiant)","category":"study","summary":"Long-stay student visa for international students enrolled at French higher-education institutions — includes part-time work rights.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"1 year; renewable for duration of studies.","primarySource":{"label":"Campus France — Studying in France","url":"https://www.campusfrance.org/en","authority":"Campus France / DGEF","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"fr","slug":"family-reunification-france","name":"Family Reunification (Regroupement Familial)","category":"family","summary":"Residence permit for spouses and children of non-EU residents legally settled in France for at least 18 months.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"1 year; renewable. Leads to 10-year carte de résident after 5 years.","primarySource":{"label":"Service-Public.fr — Regroupement familial","url":"https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F11166","authority":"DGEF / OFII","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"it","slug":"citizenship-by-descent","name":"Citizenship by Descent (Jure Sanguinis)","category":"citizenship-by-descent","summary":"Italian citizenship through an unbroken line of descent from an Italian ancestor — no generation limit, no residence requirement.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent — full citizenship.","primarySource":{"label":"Italian Ministry of the Interior — Citizenship","url":"https://www.interno.gov.it/it/temi/cittadinanza-e-altri-diritti-civili/cittadinanza","authority":"Ministero dell'Interno","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"it","slug":"eu-blue-card-italy","name":"EU Blue Card (Carta Blu UE)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"EU-wide highly qualified worker permit for Italy — requires a degree and a salary above the Italian threshold.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"2 years; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Ministero del Lavoro — Carta Blu UE","url":"https://www.lavoro.gov.it/temi-e-priorita/immigrazione/focus-on/Carta-blu-ue","authority":"Ministero del Lavoro","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"it","slug":"digital-nomad-italy","name":"Digital Nomad Visa (Visto per Nomadi Digitali)","category":"digital-nomad","summary":"Residence permit for remote workers employed by or self-employed for companies outside Italy — introduced in 2024.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"1 year; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Ministero del Lavoro — Nomadi digitali","url":"https://www.lavoro.gov.it/temi-e-priorita/immigrazione/focus-on/nomadi-digitali","authority":"Ministero del Lavoro","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"it","slug":"elective-residence","name":"Elective Residence Visa (Residenza Elettiva)","category":"residence-general","summary":"Visa for retirees and independently wealthy individuals who can support themselves in Italy without working.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"1 year; renewable. Leads to long-term residence after 5 years.","primarySource":{"label":"Ministero degli Affari Esteri — Residenza elettiva","url":"https://vistoperitalia.esteri.it/home/en","authority":"MAECI","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"it","slug":"student-visa-italy","name":"Student Visa (Visto per Studio)","category":"study","summary":"Visa for international students enrolled at Italian universities and higher-education institutions.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"1 year; renewable for duration of studies.","primarySource":{"label":"Universitaly — Study in Italy","url":"https://www.universitaly.it/","authority":"MUR (Ministry of University and Research)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"jp","slug":"highly-skilled-professional","name":"Highly Skilled Professional (HSP) Visa","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Points-based visa for highly skilled foreign professionals — the fastest route to Japanese permanent residence (1–3 years).","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"5 years; with fast-track PR after 1–3 years.","primarySource":{"label":"ISA — Points-based system for Highly Skilled Foreign Professionals","url":"https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/publications/materials/newimmiact_3_evaluate_index.html","authority":"Immigration Services Agency (ISA)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"jp","slug":"engineer-specialist","name":"Engineer / Specialist in Humanities / International Services","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Japan's most common work visa for knowledge workers — engineers, IT professionals, translators, designers, and business staff.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"1 or 3 years (5 years for renewals); renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"ISA — Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/Int'l Services","url":"https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/gijinkoku.html","authority":"ISA","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"jp","slug":"specified-skilled-worker-1","name":"Specified Skilled Worker Type 1 (SSW-1 / 特定技能1号)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Work visa for skilled workers in 16 designated industries — requires passing a skills test and Japanese language test (JLPT N4+).","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 5 years total (not renewable beyond 5 years — must transition to SSW-2 or another status).","primarySource":{"label":"ISA — Specified Skilled Worker","url":"https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/policies/ssw/index.html","authority":"ISA","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"jp","slug":"business-manager-japan","name":"Business Manager Visa (経営・管理)","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Visa for foreign nationals starting or managing a business in Japan — requires a physical office and at least ¥5 million in capital or 2+ full-time employees.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"1 year initially; renewable for 1, 3, or 5 years.","primarySource":{"label":"ISA — Business Manager","url":"https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/keieikanri.html","authority":"ISA","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"jp","slug":"student-visa-japan","name":"Student Visa (留学)","category":"study","summary":"Visa for international students at Japanese universities, language schools, and vocational institutions — includes part-time work rights.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"1–2 years; renewable for duration of studies.","primarySource":{"label":"ISA — Student","url":"https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/ryugaku.html","authority":"ISA","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"ch","slug":"b-permit-third-country","name":"B Permit — Third-Country National (Aufenthaltsbewilligung)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Annual residence permit for non-EU/EFTA workers with a Swiss employer — subject to federal and cantonal quotas and a full labour-market test.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to 1 year; renewable annually.","primarySource":{"label":"SEM — Work in Switzerland","url":"https://www.sem.admin.ch/sem/en/home/themen/arbeit.html","authority":"State Secretariat for Migration (SEM)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"ch","slug":"l-permit-short-term","name":"L Permit — Short-Term Residence (Kurzaufenthaltsbewilligung)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Short-term work and residence permit for project-based or temporary assignments of up to 12 months — separate quota from the B permit.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 12 months; can be extended once for up to another 12 months in exceptional cases.","primarySource":{"label":"SEM — Short-term work permits","url":"https://www.sem.admin.ch/sem/en/home/themen/arbeit.html","authority":"SEM","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"ch","slug":"c-permit-settlement","name":"C Permit — Settlement (Niederlassungsbewilligung)","category":"residence-general","summary":"Swiss permanent residence permit — unrestricted work rights, no employer sponsorship, granted after 5–10 years of continuous B permit residence.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Indefinite — valid as long as you remain resident in Switzerland.","primarySource":{"label":"SEM — Settlement permit","url":"https://www.sem.admin.ch/sem/en/home/themen/aufenthalt/niederlassung.html","authority":"SEM","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"ch","slug":"student-permit-ch","name":"Student Residence Permit (Aufenthaltsbewilligung für Studierende)","category":"study","summary":"Residence permit for international students at Swiss universities and higher-education institutions — limited work rights and a 6-month post-graduation job search extension.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"1 year; renewable for duration of studies.","primarySource":{"label":"SEM — Studying in Switzerland","url":"https://www.sem.admin.ch/sem/en/home/themen/aufenthalt/studium.html","authority":"SEM","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"ch","slug":"family-reunification-ch","name":"Family Reunification (Familiennachzug)","category":"family","summary":"Residence permit for spouses and children of B and C permit holders — conditions vary by the sponsor's permit type and nationality.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Tied to the sponsor's permit status.","primarySource":{"label":"SEM — Family reunification","url":"https://www.sem.admin.ch/sem/en/home/themen/aufenthalt/familiennachzug.html","authority":"SEM","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"sa","slug":"premium-residency","name":"Premium Residency","category":"investor","summary":"Saudi Arabia's permanent residence programme — available for a lump-sum fee or annual fee, with property ownership and employer-independent work rights.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent (one-time fee option) or 1 year renewable (annual fee option).","primarySource":{"label":"Premium Residency Center (PRC)","url":"https://www.prc.gov.sa/en","authority":"Premium Residency Center","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"sa","slug":"work-visa-iqama","name":"Work Visa and Iqama (Employer-Sponsored Residence)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Standard employer-sponsored work visa and residence permit (iqama) — the primary route for most foreign workers in Saudi Arabia.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"1–2 years; renewable by the employer.","primarySource":{"label":"MHRSD — Work permits and labour relations","url":"https://www.hrsd.gov.sa/en","authority":"Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development (MHRSD)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"sa","slug":"freelance-permit-sa","name":"Freelance Permit (Tashrih al-Amal al-Hurr)","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Self-employment permit allowing foreign residents to freelance in approved professions without an employer sponsor — a Vision 2030 reform.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"1 year; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"MHRSD — Freelance work permit","url":"https://www.hrsd.gov.sa/en","authority":"MHRSD","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"sa","slug":"student-visa-sa","name":"Student Visa","category":"study","summary":"Visa for international students at Saudi universities — the King Abdullah Scholarship Program and institutional scholarships fund many international students.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Duration of the programme; renewed annually.","primarySource":{"label":"Ministry of Education — Study in Saudi Arabia","url":"https://www.moe.gov.sa/en/default.aspx","authority":"Ministry of Education","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"kr_dest","slug":"e-7-designated-activities","name":"E-7 Designated Activities Visa","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Work visa for foreign professionals in specialised occupations — Korea's primary employer-sponsored route for skilled workers.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"1–3 years; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Hi Korea — E-7 visa information","url":"https://www.hikorea.go.kr","authority":"Korea Immigration Service (Ministry of Justice)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"kr_dest","slug":"f-2-points-residence","name":"F-2-7 Points-Based Long-Term Residence","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Points-based long-term residence for skilled professionals scoring 80+ points — the bridge between work visas and permanent residence in Korea.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"3 years; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Hi Korea — F-2-7 points-based residence","url":"https://www.hikorea.go.kr","authority":"Korea Immigration Service","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"kr_dest","slug":"d-8-corporate-investment","name":"D-8 Corporate Investment Visa","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Visa for foreign nationals investing in or managing a Korean corporation — requires minimum investment and creates a pathway to long-term residence.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"1–2 years; renewable as long as the business operates.","primarySource":{"label":"Invest Korea — Foreign investment","url":"https://www.investkorea.org/ik-en/index.do","authority":"KOTRA / Invest Korea","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"kr_dest","slug":"student-visa-korea","name":"Student Visa (D-2)","category":"study","summary":"Visa for international students at Korean universities — includes part-time work rights and a post-graduation job-seeking extension.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Duration of programme; renewed annually.","primarySource":{"label":"Study in Korea — Information portal","url":"https://www.studyinkorea.go.kr/en/main.do","authority":"National Institute for International Education (NIIED)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"kr_dest","slug":"family-visa-korea","name":"F-1 Family Visitation / F-3 Dependent Family","category":"family","summary":"Residence permits for family members of work-visa and student-visa holders in Korea — F-3 for dependents of E-series workers, F-1 for extended family visits.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Tied to the sponsoring family member's visa status.","primarySource":{"label":"Hi Korea — Family visas","url":"https://www.hikorea.go.kr","authority":"Korea Immigration Service","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"se","slug":"work-permit-sweden","name":"Work Permit (Arbetstillstånd)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Sweden's main employer-sponsored work permit — requires a job offer meeting salary and insurance conditions. Leads to permanent residence after 4 years.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"2 years initially; renewable for another 2 years.","primarySource":{"label":"Migrationsverket — Work permit requirements","url":"https://www.migrationsverket.se/English/Private-individuals/Working-in-Sweden/Employed/Work-permit-requirements.html","authority":"Migrationsverket","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"se","slug":"eu-blue-card-sweden","name":"EU Blue Card (Sweden)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"EU-wide highly qualified worker permit with a higher salary threshold than the standard work permit — offers intra-EU mobility after 12 months.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"2 years; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Migrationsverket — EU Blue Card","url":"https://www.migrationsverket.se/English/Private-individuals/Working-in-Sweden/Employed/EU-Blue-Card.html","authority":"Migrationsverket","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"se","slug":"self-employment-sweden","name":"Self-Employment Permit (Eget företag)","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Residence permit for foreign nationals starting or running a business in Sweden — requires sufficient funds and a viable business plan.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"2 years initially; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Migrationsverket — Self-employment","url":"https://www.migrationsverket.se/English/Private-individuals/Working-in-Sweden/Self-employment.html","authority":"Migrationsverket","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"se","slug":"student-permit-sweden","name":"Student Residence Permit (Uppehållstillstånd för studier)","category":"study","summary":"Residence permit for international students at Swedish universities — includes work rights alongside studies with no hour limit.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Duration of studies.","primarySource":{"label":"Migrationsverket — Studies","url":"https://www.migrationsverket.se/English/Private-individuals/Studying-in-Sweden.html","authority":"Migrationsverket","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"at","slug":"red-white-red-card","name":"Red-White-Red Card (Rot-Weiß-Rot-Karte)","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Austria's points-based work and residence permit for skilled workers, key workers, and graduates of Austrian universities — 70 points required.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"2 years; then RWR Card Plus (employer-independent, also 2 years, renewable).","primarySource":{"label":"migration.gv.at — Red-White-Red Card","url":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/red-white-red-card/","authority":"Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"at","slug":"eu-blue-card-austria","name":"EU Blue Card (Austria)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"EU-wide highly qualified worker permit — higher salary threshold than the RWR Card but offers intra-EU mobility after 12 months.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"2 years; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"migration.gv.at — EU Blue Card","url":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/eu-blue-card/","authority":"BMI","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"at","slug":"student-permit-austria","name":"Student Residence Permit (Aufenthaltsbewilligung Studierender)","category":"study","summary":"Residence permit for international students at Austrian universities — includes part-time work rights and a dedicated post-graduation RWR Card pathway.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"1 year; renewable for the duration of studies.","primarySource":{"label":"migration.gv.at — Students","url":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/students/","authority":"BMI","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"at","slug":"family-reunification-austria","name":"Family Reunification (Familiennachzug)","category":"family","summary":"Residence permit for spouses and children of RWR Card, Blue Card, and permanent residents — spouses receive work rights via the RWR Card Plus.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"1 year initially; renewable. Spouses get RWR Card Plus (3 years).","primarySource":{"label":"migration.gv.at — Family reunification","url":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/family-reunification/","authority":"BMI","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"at","slug":"startup-founder-austria","name":"Red-White-Red Card — Startup Founder","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Dedicated RWR Card category for innovative startup founders — business plan assessed by an expert jury, no points calculation needed.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"2 years; then RWR Card Plus progression.","primarySource":{"label":"migration.gv.at — Startup founders","url":"https://www.migration.gv.at/en/types-of-immigration/permanent-immigration/red-white-red-card/","authority":"BMI","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"dk","slug":"pay-limit-scheme","name":"Pay Limit Scheme (Beloebsordningen)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Denmark's salary-threshold work permit — no occupation or qualification restrictions if the annual salary exceeds the Pay Limit threshold.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to 4 years; renewable if employment continues.","primarySource":{"label":"New to Denmark — Pay Limit Scheme","url":"https://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-GB/You-want-to-apply/Work/Pay-limit-scheme","authority":"SIRI (Danish Agency for International Recruitment and Integration)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"dk","slug":"positive-list-dk","name":"Positive List Scheme (Positivlisten)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Work permit for occupations on Denmark's shortage list — lower salary threshold than the Pay Limit Scheme, but occupation-restricted.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to 4 years; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"New to Denmark — Positive List for people with higher education","url":"https://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-GB/You-want-to-apply/Work/Positive-list-for-people-with-higher-education","authority":"SIRI","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"dk","slug":"fast-track-dk","name":"Fast-Track Scheme (Fast-Track-ordningen)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Accelerated work-permit processing for workers hired by SIRI-certified Danish employers — work can begin within days.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to 4 years.","primarySource":{"label":"New to Denmark — Fast-Track Scheme","url":"https://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-GB/You-want-to-apply/Work/Fast-track","authority":"SIRI","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"dk","slug":"student-permit-dk","name":"Student Residence Permit","category":"study","summary":"Residence permit for international students at Danish universities — includes work rights and a 6-month post-graduation job-seeking extension.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Duration of studies; renewable annually.","primarySource":{"label":"New to Denmark — Students","url":"https://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-GB/You-want-to-apply/Study","authority":"SIRI","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"dk","slug":"family-reunification-dk","name":"Family Reunification (Familiesammenfoering)","category":"family","summary":"Residence permit for spouses and children of residents in Denmark — includes an attachment requirement and financial conditions.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Tied to the sponsor's residence status. Leads to permanent residence on the same conditions as work-permit holders.","primarySource":{"label":"New to Denmark — Family reunification","url":"https://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-GB/You-want-to-apply/Family","authority":"Immigration Service (Udlaendingestyrelsen)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"no_dest","slug":"skilled-worker-permit","name":"Skilled Worker Residence Permit (Oppholdstillatelse som faglaert)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Norway's main work permit for skilled workers — requires a concrete full-time job offer and relevant qualifications. Leads to permanent residence after just 3 years.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"1–3 years initially; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"UDI — Skilled workers","url":"https://www.udi.no/en/want-to-apply/work-immigration/skilled-workers/","authority":"UDI (Utlendingsdirektoratet)","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"no_dest","slug":"job-seeker-norway","name":"Job-Seeker Visa (Oppholdstillatelse for aa soeke arbeid som faglart)","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Up to 1-year residence permit to enter Norway and search for skilled employment in person — available to qualified professionals.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 1 year (previously 6 months — extended to support recruitment); non-renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"UDI — Skilled workers seeking employment","url":"https://www.udi.no/en/want-to-apply/work-immigration/job-seekers/","authority":"UDI","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"no_dest","slug":"intra-company-transfer-norway","name":"Intra-Company Transfer (ICT Permit)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Residence permit for managers, specialists, and trainees transferred from a foreign branch to a Norwegian entity of the same corporate group.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 3 years for managers/specialists; 1 year for trainees.","primarySource":{"label":"UDI — Intra-corporate transferees","url":"https://www.udi.no/en/want-to-apply/work-immigration/intra-corporate-transferees/","authority":"UDI","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"no_dest","slug":"student-permit-norway","name":"Student Residence Permit (Oppholdstillatelse for studier)","category":"study","summary":"Residence permit for international students at Norwegian universities — tuition-free at public institutions, with part-time work rights.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"1 year; renewable for duration of studies.","primarySource":{"label":"UDI — Students","url":"https://www.udi.no/en/want-to-apply/studies/","authority":"UDI","lastVerified":"2026-04-18"},"lastReviewed":"2026-04-18"},{"destination":"fi","slug":"residence-permit-specialist","name":"Residence permit for a specialist","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Fast-track Finnish work residence route for highly skilled expert roles with confirmed employment.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to 2 years for the first permit; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Migri — Specialist residence permit","url":"https://migri.fi/en/specialist","authority":"Finnish Immigration Service (Migri)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"fi","slug":"residence-permit-employed-person","name":"Residence permit for an employed person","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Finland’s general work residence permit for non-EU workers whose job does not fit a specialist category.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Usually tied to the job and permit decision; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Migri — Residence permit for an employed person","url":"https://migri.fi/en/residence-permit-for-an-employed-person","authority":"Finnish Immigration Service (Migri)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"fi","slug":"start-up-entrepreneur","name":"Start-up entrepreneur residence permit","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Founder route for scalable startup businesses approved through Finland’s startup-entrepreneur process.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial permit is time-limited and renewable if the startup basis continues.","primarySource":{"label":"Migri — Start-up entrepreneur","url":"https://migri.fi/en/start-up-entrepreneur","authority":"Finnish Immigration Service (Migri)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"be","slug":"single-permit","name":"Single Permit","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Belgium’s combined residence and work authorisation for non-EU employees staying more than 90 days.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Usually tied to the employment authorisation and residence decision; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Immigration Office Belgium — Single Permit","url":"https://dofi.ibz.be/en/themas/onderdanen-van-derde-landen/werk/single-permit","authority":"Immigration Office (Belgium)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"be","slug":"eu-blue-card-belgium","name":"EU Blue Card","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Belgian highly qualified employee route under the EU Blue Card framework.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Time-limited residence and work authorisation; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Belgium.be — Coming to work in Belgium","url":"https://www.belgium.be/en/work/coming_to_work_in_belgium","authority":"Belgian Federal Government","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"be","slug":"professional-card","name":"Professional Card for self-employment","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Regional authorisation for non-EU nationals who want to work in Belgium as self-employed professionals.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Time-limited and renewable under regional rules.","primarySource":{"label":"Belgium.be — Self-employment","url":"https://www.belgium.be/en/work/coming_to_work_in_belgium/self_employment","authority":"Belgian Federal Government","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"lu","slug":"salaried-worker","name":"Residence permit for salaried workers","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Luxembourg’s standard third-country employee route, usually starting with authorisation to stay before arrival.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permit validity is tied to the authorised employment and renewal rules.","primarySource":{"label":"Guichet.lu — Salaried third-country worker","url":"https://guichet.public.lu/en/citoyens/immigration/plus-3-mois/ressortissant-tiers/salarie/salarie-pays-tiers.html","authority":"Ministry of Home Affairs (Luxembourg)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"lu","slug":"eu-blue-card-luxembourg","name":"EU Blue Card","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Luxembourg residence and work route for highly qualified third-country employees.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Time-limited permit; renewable under Luxembourg Blue Card rules.","primarySource":{"label":"Guichet.lu — EU Blue Card for highly qualified workers","url":"https://guichet.public.lu/en/citoyens/immigration/plus-3-mois/ressortissant-tiers/hautement-qualifie/salarie-hautement-qualifie.html","authority":"Ministry of Home Affairs (Luxembourg)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"lu","slug":"self-employed-worker-luxembourg","name":"Residence permit for self-employed workers","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Luxembourg route for third-country entrepreneurs and independent professionals whose activity benefits the country.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to 3 years for the first residence permit in many cases; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Guichet.lu — Self-employed third-country worker","url":"https://guichet.public.lu/en/citoyens/immigration/plus-3-mois/ressortissant-tiers/travailleur-independant/independant.html","authority":"Ministry of Home Affairs (Luxembourg)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"cz","slug":"employee-card","name":"Employee Card","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Czechia’s main long-term residence and work permit for third-country employees staying more than 3 months.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Long-term residence permit; validity depends on the job and decision.","primarySource":{"label":"IPC Czechia — Employee Card","url":"https://ipc.gov.cz/en/visa-and-residence-permit-types/third-country-nationals/long-term-residence-permits/employee-card/","authority":"Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"cz","slug":"blue-card","name":"Blue Card","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Czech EU Blue Card route for highly qualified employment with a qualifying contract and salary.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Valid up to 3 months longer than the work contract, with a maximum listed by Czech rules.","primarySource":{"label":"IPC Czechia — Blue Card","url":"https://ipc.gov.cz/en/visa-and-residence-permit-types/third-country-nationals/long-term-residence-permits/blue-card/","authority":"Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"cz","slug":"business-residence","name":"Long-term residence for business","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Czech residence route for third-country nationals carrying out business, licensed trade or company-management activity.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Long-term residence permit; renewable if the business purpose continues.","primarySource":{"label":"IPC Czechia — Long-term residence for business","url":"https://ipc.gov.cz/en/visa-and-residence-permit-types/third-country-nationals/long-term-residence-permits/long-term-residence-permit-for-the-purpose-of-doing-business/","authority":"Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"pl","slug":"temporary-residence-work","name":"Temporary residence and work permit","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Poland’s combined temporary residence and work permit, granted for work purposes for more than 3 months and up to 3 years.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"More than 3 months and up to 3 years.","primarySource":{"label":"MOS Poland — Temporary residence and work permit","url":"https://mos.cudzoziemcy.gov.pl/en/informacje/czasowy-praca/wprowadzenie_EN","authority":"Office for Foreigners (Poland)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"pl","slug":"eu-blue-card-poland","name":"Temporary residence for highly skilled work (EU Blue Card)","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Poland’s EU Blue Card-style temporary residence permit for highly skilled employment.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Temporary residence permit; validity depends on the job and decision.","primarySource":{"label":"MOS Poland — Temporary stay checklists","url":"https://www.mos.cudzoziemcy.gov.pl/en/checklists-for-procedures/temporary-stays/","authority":"Office for Foreigners (Poland)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"pl","slug":"temporary-residence-business","name":"Temporary residence for business activity","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Polish temporary-residence route for third-country nationals conducting business activity in Poland.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Temporary residence permit; usually up to the statutory temporary-residence maximum.","primarySource":{"label":"Office for Foreigners — MOS system","url":"https://www.gov.pl/web/udsc-en/basic-information-about-the-mos-system","authority":"Office for Foreigners (Poland)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"ee","slug":"residence-permit-employment","name":"Temporary residence permit for employment","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Estonian work residence route for non-EU employees with employment in Estonia.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Temporary residence permit; renewable if the employment basis continues.","primarySource":{"label":"Police and Border Guard Board — Residence permit for employment","url":"https://www.politsei.ee/en/instructions/residence-permit-for-employment-for-an-alien","authority":"Police and Border Guard Board (Estonia)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"ee","slug":"startup-visa","name":"Startup Visa","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Estonian route for non-EU startup founders and startup employees connected to qualifying startups.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Visa or temporary residence route depending on stay length and case type.","primarySource":{"label":"Startup Estonia — Startup Visa","url":"https://startupestonia.ee/visa/","authority":"Startup Estonia","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"ee","slug":"digital-nomad-visa","name":"Digital Nomad Visa","category":"digital-nomad","summary":"Temporary Estonian visa for remote workers employed by or serving clients outside Estonia.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 1 year.","primarySource":{"label":"e-Residency Estonia — Digital Nomad Visa","url":"https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/nomadvisa/","authority":"Republic of Estonia e-Residency","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"gr","slug":"eu-blue-card-greece","name":"EU Blue Card / highly qualified worker","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Greek route for highly qualified third-country employees with a qualifying contract and salary.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Residence permit validity follows Greek/EU Blue Card rules and the employment basis.","primarySource":{"label":"EU Immigration Portal — Highly-qualified worker in Greece","url":"https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/highly-qualified-worker-greece_en","authority":"European Commission / Greece Ministry of Migration and Asylum","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"gr","slug":"digital-nomad-greece","name":"Digital Nomad Visa","category":"digital-nomad","summary":"Greek visa route for non-EU remote workers who work for employers or clients outside Greece.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Short initial visa with possible residence-permit route depending on stay plan.","primarySource":{"label":"Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs — Digital Nomad Visa","url":"https://www.mfa.gr/en/services/working-in-greece-as-a-digital-nomad/","authority":"Hellenic Republic Ministry of Foreign Affairs","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"gr","slug":"golden-visa-greece","name":"Golden Visa","category":"investor","summary":"Greek investment residence route, best known for real-estate and other qualifying investment categories.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Residence permit is renewable if the qualifying investment condition continues.","primarySource":{"label":"Ministry of Migration and Asylum — Golden Visa","url":"https://migration.gov.gr/en/golden-visa/","authority":"Ministry of Migration and Asylum (Greece)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"mt","slug":"single-permit","name":"Single Permit","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Malta’s main combined employment licence and residence permit for third-country nationals working more than 6 months.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Usually 1 year, with some permits issued longer where eligible.","primarySource":{"label":"Identita — Single Permit","url":"https://identita.gov.mt/expatriates-unit-main-page/noneu-nationals/employment-related-permits/single-permit/","authority":"Identita (Malta)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"mt","slug":"specialist-employee-initiative","name":"Specialist Employee Initiative","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Fast-track Maltese employment route for skilled third-country nationals who do not qualify under KEI but meet SEI criteria.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Issued through the employment residence framework; renewable if conditions continue.","primarySource":{"label":"Identita — Specialist Employee Initiative eligibility","url":"https://identita.gov.mt/expatriates-unit-main-page/noneu-nationals/employment-related-permits/highly-qualified-individuals/specialist-employee-initiative/who-is-eligible/","authority":"Identita (Malta)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"mt","slug":"nomad-residence-permit","name":"Nomad Residence Permit","category":"digital-nomad","summary":"Malta residence permit for non-EU remote workers serving foreign employers, companies or clients.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Time-limited residence permit; renewability depends on current programme rules.","primarySource":{"label":"Residency Malta — Nomad Residence Permit eligibility","url":"https://nomad.residencymalta.gov.mt/nomad-eligibility/","authority":"Residency Malta Agency","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"cy","slug":"employment-residence-permit","name":"Temporary residence and employment permit","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Cyprus work residence route for third-country nationals employed by Cypriot or foreign-interest companies.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Temporary permit; validity depends on employment category and approval.","primarySource":{"label":"Cyprus Migration Department — Remunerated employment","url":"https://www.gov.cy/mip-md/en/documents/remunerated-employment-single-permit-gen/","authority":"Migration Department (Cyprus)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"cy","slug":"digital-nomad-cyprus","name":"Cyprus Digital Nomad Visa","category":"digital-nomad","summary":"Cyprus temporary residence route for non-EU remote workers employed abroad or serving clients abroad.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"First permit 1 year; renewal can be up to 2 years under the current scheme.","primarySource":{"label":"Cyprus Migration Department — Digital Nomads","url":"https://www.gov.cy/mip-md/en/documents/digital-nomads-and-family-members/","authority":"Migration Department (Cyprus)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"cy","slug":"visitor-temporary-residence","name":"Visitor temporary residence permit","category":"residence-general","summary":"Cyprus temporary residence route for visitors and dependants who are not allowed to work in Cyprus.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"First visitor permit commonly 1 year, with category-specific limits.","primarySource":{"label":"Cyprus Migration Department — Visitors and family members","url":"https://www.gov.cy/mip-md/en/documents/visitors-and-family-members/","authority":"Migration Department (Cyprus)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"mx","slug":"temporary-resident","name":"Temporary Resident Visa","category":"residence-general","summary":"Mexican visa for people intending to stay more than 180 days and up to 4 years, usually based on economic solvency, family or other qualifying grounds.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Visa supports residence longer than 180 days and up to 4 years after INM card exchange/renewal.","primarySource":{"label":"Gob.mx — Temporary resident visa","url":"https://www.gob.mx/tramites/ficha/visa-de-residencia-temporal/SRE260","authority":"Secretariat of Foreign Relations (Mexico)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"mx","slug":"temporary-resident-work","name":"Visa by job offer / temporary resident with work authorisation","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Employer-initiated Mexican work route where INM authorises a visa based on a job offer.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Depends on job length and residence status; temporary residence can be renewed within statutory limits.","primarySource":{"label":"INM — Visa by job offer","url":"https://www.inm.gob.mx/static/Tramites/en/VISA_BY_JOB_OFFER.pdf","authority":"Instituto Nacional de Migracion (Mexico)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"mx","slug":"family-unity","name":"Visa by family unit","category":"family","summary":"Mexican family-unity visa route for qualifying relatives of Mexican citizens or foreign residents.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Temporary or permanent residence outcome depends on the family relationship and sponsor status.","primarySource":{"label":"INM — Visa by family unit","url":"https://www.inm.gob.mx/static/Tramites/en/VISA_BY_FAMILY_UNIT.pdf","authority":"Instituto Nacional de Migracion (Mexico)","lastVerified":"2026-05-24"},"lastReviewed":"2026-05-24"},{"destination":"br","slug":"work-residence","name":"Residence authorization for work (VITEM V)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Residence authorization for foreign nationals coming to Brazil to work, generally initiated by a Brazilian employer.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Commonly granted as a temporary residence aligned to the employment, with renewal and a pathway toward indefinite residence; confirm current terms on the official page.","primarySource":{"label":"Portal de Imigracao - Autorizacao de Residencia Laboral","url":"https://portaldeimigracao.mj.gov.br/pt/autorizacao-de-residencia-laboral","authority":"Ministerio da Justica e Seguranca Publica (MJSP)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"br","slug":"investor-residence","name":"Residence authorization for investment","category":"investor","summary":"Residence authorization for foreign nationals making a qualifying investment in Brazil, including real-estate investment under CNIg Resolution 36/2018.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"The real-estate investment authorization is initially granted for four years and is renewable for an indefinite period; confirm current terms on the official page.","primarySource":{"label":"Portal de Imigracao - Investimento Imobiliario (RN 36/2018)","url":"https://portaldeimigracao.mj.gov.br/pt/nav-guiada/rn-36","authority":"Ministerio da Justica e Seguranca Publica (MJSP) / CNIg","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"br","slug":"digital-nomad","name":"Digital nomad residence (VITEM XIV)","category":"digital-nomad","summary":"Residence authorization and VITEM XIV temporary visa for remote workers employed by or contracting with employers outside Brazil.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Granted as a temporary residence for a defined period with the possibility of renewal; this route is not in itself a settlement track. Confirm current terms on the official page.","primarySource":{"label":"Portal de Imigracao - Guia Pratico para Nomades Digitais","url":"https://portaldeimigracao.mj.gov.br/pt/destaques-e-novidades/401519-guia-pratico-de-autorizacao-de-residencia-para-nomades-digitais","authority":"Ministerio da Justica e Seguranca Publica (MJSP) / CNIg","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"br","slug":"family-reunion","name":"Family reunion residence (VITEM XI)","category":"family","summary":"Residence authorization for family members of Brazilian nationals or of immigrants who hold residence in Brazil, under Interministerial Ordinance 12/2018.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Residence is generally aligned to the sponsoring relationship and the sponsor status, with renewal and a pathway toward indefinite residence; confirm current terms on the official page.","primarySource":{"label":"Portal de Imigracao - Reuniao Familiar (PI 12/2018)","url":"https://portaldeimigracao.mj.gov.br/pt/nav-guiada/pi-12","authority":"Ministerio da Justica e Seguranca Publica (MJSP)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"br","slug":"mercosur-residence","name":"MERCOSUR residence agreement (VITEM XIII)","category":"residence-general","summary":"Treaty-based residence for nationals of MERCOSUR member and associated states, with a path from temporary to indefinite residence.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Temporary residence is typically granted for up to two years and can be converted to indefinite residence on meeting the decree requirements; confirm current terms on the official page.","primarySource":{"label":"Portal de Imigracao - Acordo de Residencia do Mercosul","url":"https://portaldeimigracao.mj.gov.br/pt/nav-guiada/o-imigrante-e-do-mercosul-ou-qualquer-outro-tratado-bilateral","authority":"Ministerio da Justica e Seguranca Publica (MJSP) / Policia Federal","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"br","slug":"retiree-residence","name":"Residence for retirees and pensioners","category":"residence-general","summary":"Residence authorization for retired immigrants and recipients of a pension who can transfer a qualifying monthly income to Brazil, under CNIg Resolution 40/2019.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial residence is granted for up to two years and is renewable; confirm current terms on the official page.","primarySource":{"label":"Portal de Imigracao - Aposentado e/ou pensionista (RN 40/2019)","url":"https://portaldeimigracao.mj.gov.br/pt/nav-guiada/rn-40","authority":"Ministerio da Justica e Seguranca Publica (MJSP) / CNIg","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ar","slug":"mercosur-temporary-residence","name":"MERCOSUR Temporary Residence (by nationality)","category":"residence-general","summary":"Temporary residence for nationals of MERCOSUR member and associated states based on nationality alone, without needing a job offer or investment.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Granted for two years, renewable; defer to the official page for current terms.","primarySource":{"label":"DNM - MERCOSUR temporary residence by nationality","url":"https://www.argentina.gob.ar/servicio/obtener-una-residencia-temporaria-por-nacionalidad-mercosur","authority":"Direccion Nacional de Migraciones (Argentina)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ar","slug":"migrant-worker-temporary-residence","name":"Temporary Residence as a Migrant Worker","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Temporary residence for foreign nationals hired under an employment relationship to carry out lawful paid work in Argentina.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Granted for one year, renewable; defer to the official page for current terms.","primarySource":{"label":"DNM - temporary residence as a migrant worker","url":"https://www.argentina.gob.ar/servicio/obtener-una-residencia-temporaria-como-trabajador-migrante","authority":"Direccion Nacional de Migraciones (Argentina)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ar","slug":"rentista-temporary-residence","name":"Rentista (Fixed-Income) Temporary Residence","category":"residence-general","summary":"Temporary residence for foreign nationals who support themselves with regular income from assets or other lawful external sources, not from personal work.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Granted for one year, renewable; defer to the official page for current terms.","primarySource":{"label":"DNM - temporary residence as rentista (No MERCOSUR)","url":"https://www.argentina.gob.ar/servicio/obtener-una-residencia-temporaria-como-rentista-no-mercosur","authority":"Direccion Nacional de Migraciones (Argentina)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ar","slug":"inversionista-temporary-residence","name":"Inversionista (Investor) Temporary Residence","category":"investor","summary":"Temporary residence for foreign nationals who make a productive, commercial or service investment of interest to Argentina, with funds of lawful origin.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Granted for up to one year, renewable for periods of up to three years; defer to the official page for current terms.","primarySource":{"label":"DNM - temporary residence as inversionista (No MERCOSUR)","url":"https://www.argentina.gob.ar/servicio/obtener-una-residencia-temporaria-como-inversionista-no-mercosur","authority":"Direccion Nacional de Migraciones (Argentina)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ar","slug":"digital-nomad-residence","name":"Digital Nomad Transitory Residence","category":"digital-nomad","summary":"Transitory residence for foreign nationals who work remotely for employers or clients based abroad while staying in Argentina.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Granted for up to 180 days, renewable for the same period; defer to the official page for current terms.","primarySource":{"label":"DNM - digital nomad transitory residence","url":"https://www.argentina.gob.ar/servicio/obtener-una-residencia-transitoria-como-nomada-digital","authority":"Direccion Nacional de Migraciones (Argentina)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ar","slug":"family-reunification-residence","name":"Temporary Residence by Family Reunification","category":"family","summary":"Temporary residence for the spouse, parents and children of an Argentine citizen or of a temporary or permanent resident.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Defer to the official page; terms depend on the relationship and the sponsor status.","primarySource":{"label":"DNM - temporary residence by family reunification","url":"https://www.argentina.gob.ar/servicio/obtener-una-residencia-temporaria-por-reunificacion-familiar","authority":"Direccion Nacional de Migraciones (Argentina)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"cl","slug":"temporary-residence-remunerated-work","name":"Temporary Residence - Lawful Remunerated Activities","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Temporary residence subcategory for foreigners coming to Chile to perform lawful paid work under a contract, service contract or job offer.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Temporary residence valid up to 2 years; counts toward Residencia Definitiva after roughly 24 months.","primarySource":{"label":"SERMIG - Foreigners engaged in lawful remunerated activities","url":"https://serviciomigraciones.cl/en/residencia-temporal-permit/subcategories/remunerated-activities/","authority":"Servicio Nacional de Migraciones (Chile)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"cl","slug":"temporary-residence-employment-opportunity","name":"Temporary Residence - Employment Opportunity","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Temporary residence permit for foreigners seeking employment opportunities in Chile, granted under quotas set by the migration policy authorities.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Temporary residence valid up to 2 years; counts toward Residencia Definitiva after roughly 24 months.","primarySource":{"label":"SERMIG Help - Employment Opportunity Permit","url":"https://ayuda.serviciomigraciones.cl/en/support/solutions/articles/60000796981-employment-opportunity-permit","authority":"Servicio Nacional de Migraciones (Chile)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"cl","slug":"temporary-residence-investor","name":"Temporary Residence - Investors and Related Personnel","category":"investor","summary":"Temporary residence subcategory for investors making a qualifying investment in Chile and for related executive or specialist personnel.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Temporary residence (up to 2 years per the Residencia Temporal framework); counts toward Residencia Definitiva.","primarySource":{"label":"SERMIG - Investors and related personnel","url":"https://serviciomigraciones.cl/en/residencia-temporal-permit/subcategories/investors/","authority":"Servicio Nacional de Migraciones (Chile)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"cl","slug":"temporary-residence-family-reunification","name":"Temporary Residence - Family Reunification","category":"family","summary":"Temporary residence subcategory for close family members of Chilean citizens or holders of Residencia Definitiva.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Temporary residence (up to 2 years under the Residencia Temporal framework); renewable and counts toward Residencia Definitiva.","primarySource":{"label":"SERMIG - Family reunification","url":"https://serviciomigraciones.cl/en/residencia-temporal-permit/subcategories/family-reunification/","authority":"Servicio Nacional de Migraciones (Chile)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"cl","slug":"temporary-residence-student","name":"Temporary Residence - Students","category":"study","summary":"Temporary residence subcategory for foreigners studying at education establishments recognised by the Chilean State.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Temporary residence aligned to the study programme; extensions require continued enrolment and financial capacity.","primarySource":{"label":"SERMIG - Students from State-recognized establishments","url":"https://serviciomigraciones.cl/en/residencia-temporal-permit/subcategories/students/","authority":"Servicio Nacional de Migraciones (Chile)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"uy","slug":"residencia-permanente","name":"Permanent Legal Residence (Residencia Permanente)","category":"residence-general","summary":"General permanent residence for any foreign national intending to settle in Uruguay, processed by the Direccion Nacional de Migracion.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent on grant; cedula renewed periodically. Leads to naturalisation under separate citizenship rules.","primarySource":{"label":"Residencia Legal - Permanente","url":"https://www.gub.uy/tramites/residencia-legal-permanente","authority":"Direccion Nacional de Migracion (Uruguay)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"uy","slug":"residencia-temporaria","name":"Temporary Legal Residence (Residencia Temporaria)","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Temporary residence for any foreign national settling in Uruguay for work, study or other legally established reasons, granted for 6 months to 2 years and renewable.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"6 months to 2 years, renewable. Holders often transition to permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"Residencia Legal - Temporaria","url":"https://www.gub.uy/tramites/residencia-legal-temporaria","authority":"Direccion Nacional de Migracion (Uruguay)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"uy","slug":"residencia-permanente-mercosur","name":"MERCOSUR Permanent Residence","category":"residence-general","summary":"Permanent residence for nationals of MERCOSUR member and associated states under the regional residence agreement, with reduced documentation.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent on grant; cedula renewed periodically. Leads to naturalisation under separate rules.","primarySource":{"label":"Residencia Legal - Permanente Mercosur","url":"https://www.gub.uy/tramites/residencia-legal-permanente-mercosur","authority":"Direccion Nacional de Migracion (Uruguay)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"uy","slug":"residencia-permanente-vinculo-uruguayo","name":"Permanent Residence by Uruguayan Family Link","category":"family","summary":"Permanent residence for foreign nationals who are the child, spouse, registered partner or sibling of a Uruguayan.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent on grant; cedula renewed periodically. Leads to naturalisation under separate rules.","primarySource":{"label":"Residencia Legal - Permanente por vinculo uruguayo","url":"https://www.gub.uy/tramites/residencia-legal-permanente-vinculo-uruguayo","authority":"Direccion Nacional de Migracion (Uruguay)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"uy","slug":"beneficio-jubilados-pensionistas","name":"Retiree and Pensioner Residence Benefit (Law 16.340)","category":"residence-general","summary":"Benefit for foreign retirees and pensioners who obtain permanent residence, tied to a minimum foreign income and a qualifying property or government-securities investment under Law 16.340.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Tied to permanent residence (permanent on grant). The imported vehicle cannot be sold for 4 years; qualifying property cannot be sold for 10 years.","primarySource":{"label":"Beneficio para extranjeros jubilados que obtengan residencia permanente","url":"https://www.gub.uy/tramites/beneficio-extranjeros-jubilados-obtengan-residencia-permanente","authority":"Direccion Nacional de Migracion (Uruguay)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"za","slug":"critical-skills-work-visa","name":"Critical Skills Work Visa","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Work visa for foreigners holding a skill or qualification on South Africa's official Critical Skills List, issued for up to five years and offering a direct route to permanent residence.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to 5 years per issue; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Department of Home Affairs - Critical Skills Work Visa requirements (effective 9 October 2024)","url":"https://www.dha.gov.za/index.php/notices/1820-critical-skills-work-visa-requirements-8-oct-2024","authority":"Department of Home Affairs (South Africa)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"za","slug":"general-work-visa","name":"General Work Visa","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Employer-tied work visa for foreigners with a confirmed South African job offer whose occupation is not on the Critical Skills List.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Duration of the employment contract, up to 5 years.","primarySource":{"label":"Department of Home Affairs - General Work Visa requirements (effective 9 October 2024)","url":"https://www.dha.gov.za/index.php/notices/1821-general-work-visa-requirements-8-oct-2028","authority":"Department of Home Affairs (South Africa)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"za","slug":"intra-company-transfer-work-visa","name":"Intra-company Transfer Work Visa","category":"intra-company","summary":"Work visa for employees transferred by a multinational group from a foreign branch to a related South African branch, subsidiary or affiliate, issued for up to four years and not renewable.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 4 years; not renewable or extendable.","primarySource":{"label":"Department of Home Affairs - Types of visas (Intra-company Transfer Work Visa)","url":"https://www.dha.gov.za/index.php/immigration-services/types-of-visas","authority":"Department of Home Affairs (South Africa)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"za","slug":"business-visa","name":"Business Visa","category":"investor","summary":"Visa for foreigners investing a prescribed amount of capital to establish or invest in a business in South Africa that advances the national interest.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Issued for the period of the business activity, subject to conditions.","primarySource":{"label":"Department of Home Affairs - Types of visas (Business Visa)","url":"https://www.dha.gov.za/index.php/immigration-services/types-of-visas","authority":"Department of Home Affairs (South Africa)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"za","slug":"study-visa","name":"Study Visa","category":"study","summary":"Visa for foreign students accepted to study at a registered South African learning institution, with limited part-time work rights.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Duration of the registered course of study.","primarySource":{"label":"Department of Home Affairs - Types of visas (Study Visa)","url":"https://www.dha.gov.za/index.php/immigration-services/types-of-visas","authority":"Department of Home Affairs (South Africa)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"za","slug":"relatives-visa","name":"Relative's Visa","category":"family","summary":"Family-reunion visa for immediate family members of a South African citizen or permanent resident, supported by proof of financial assurance.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 2 years per issue; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Department of Home Affairs - Types of visas (Relatives Visa)","url":"https://www.dha.gov.za/index.php/immigration-services/types-of-visas","authority":"Department of Home Affairs (South Africa)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"za","slug":"retired-persons-visa","name":"Retired Persons' Visa","category":"residence-general","summary":"Visa for foreigners who wish to retire in South Africa, based on proof of a minimum monthly income or net worth.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Issued for an extended period subject to continued financial qualification.","primarySource":{"label":"Department of Home Affairs - Types of visas (Retired Persons Visa)","url":"https://www.dha.gov.za/index.php/immigration-services/types-of-visas","authority":"Department of Home Affairs (South Africa)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"za","slug":"remote-work-visa","name":"Remote Work Visa","category":"digital-nomad","summary":"Visitor visa, introduced in 2024, for foreigners working remotely in South Africa for a foreign employer under a contract.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Issued as a visitor visa for the period set by the DHA.","primarySource":{"label":"Department of Home Affairs - Remote Work Visa requirements (effective 9 October 2024)","url":"https://www.dha.gov.za/images/notices/8october24/Remote_Work_Visa_-_requirements_-_9_Oct_2024.pdf","authority":"Department of Home Affairs (South Africa)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"mu","slug":"occupation-permit-professional","name":"Occupation Permit (Professional)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Combined work and residence permit for foreign professionals employed in Mauritius under a local or multinational employment contract.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Issued for up to 10 years and renewable, subject to a continuing qualifying employment contract.","primarySource":{"label":"EDB Mauritius - Professional (Employed in Mauritius)","url":"https://residency.mu/work/professional-employed-in-mauritius-by-a-multinational-or-a-local-company/","authority":"Economic Development Board (Mauritius)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"mu","slug":"occupation-permit-investor","name":"Occupation Permit (Investor)","category":"investor","summary":"Work and residence permit for non-citizens investing in and running a business in Mauritius.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Issued for up to 10 years and renewable, subject to meeting ongoing turnover conditions.","primarySource":{"label":"EDB Mauritius - Investor (Investment of USD 50,000)","url":"https://residency.mu/invest/investment-of-usd-50000/","authority":"Economic Development Board (Mauritius)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"mu","slug":"occupation-permit-self-employed","name":"Occupation Permit (Self-Employed)","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Work and residence permit for a non-citizen running a one-person professional services activity in Mauritius.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Issued for up to 10 years and renewable, subject to meeting ongoing business income conditions.","primarySource":{"label":"EDB Mauritius - Self-Employed Entrepreneurs","url":"https://residency.mu/invest/self-employed-entrepreneurs/","authority":"Economic Development Board (Mauritius)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"mu","slug":"premium-visa","name":"Premium Visa","category":"digital-nomad","summary":"Long-stay multi-entry visa for remote workers, retirees and extended visitors whose income arises outside Mauritius.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Valid for a period exceeding six months up to one year, with an option to renew.","primarySource":{"label":"EDB Mauritius - Premium Visa","url":"https://residency.mu/live/mauritius-premium-visa/","authority":"Economic Development Board (Mauritius)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"mu","slug":"young-professional-occupation-permit","name":"Young Professional Occupation Permit (YPOP)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Work and residence permit allowing recent graduates of Mauritian tertiary institutions to take up local employment.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 3 years, with the actual term depending on the length of the employment contract.","primarySource":{"label":"EDB Mauritius - Young Professional Occupation Permit (YPOP)","url":"https://residency.mu/work/young-professional-occupation-permit-ypop/","authority":"Economic Development Board (Mauritius)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"mu","slug":"retired-non-citizen-residence","name":"Residence Permit for Retired Non-Citizens (50+)","category":"residence-general","summary":"Long-validity residence permit for non-citizens aged 50 and over who can demonstrate a qualifying regular income transferred to Mauritius.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial residence permit valid for up to 10 years and renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"EDB Mauritius - Retired Non-Citizen (50 years and above)","url":"https://residency.mu/retire/retired-non-citizen-50-years/","authority":"Economic Development Board (Mauritius)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ke","slug":"class-d-work-permit","name":"Class D Work Permit (Employment)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Employer-sponsored work permit for a foreign national offered specific employment by a specific Kenyan employer, where the skills are not available locally.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Issued and renewable in line with the employment; counts toward the residence record for permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"Class D (Employment) - Directorate of Immigration Services","url":"https://immigration.go.ke/class-d-employment/","authority":"Directorate of Immigration Services (Kenya)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ke","slug":"class-g-trade-business-permit","name":"Class G Work Permit (Trade, Business or Consultancy)","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Work permit for a foreign national investing in and running a specific trade, business, consultancy or profession in Kenya.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Issued and renewable in line with the business; counts toward the residence record for permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"Class G (Specific trade, business or consultancy) - Directorate of Immigration Services","url":"https://immigration.go.ke/class-g-specific-trade-business-or-consultancy/","authority":"Directorate of Immigration Services (Kenya)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ke","slug":"class-k-ordinary-residents-permit","name":"Class K Permit (Ordinary Residents)","category":"residence-general","summary":"Residence permit for a foreign national aged 35 or over with an assured income from sources outside Kenya, who undertakes not to take up employment.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Issued and renewable subject to continued assured income; counts toward the residence record for permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"Class K (Ordinary residents) - Directorate of Immigration Services","url":"https://immigration.go.ke/class-k-ordinary-residents/","authority":"Directorate of Immigration Services (Kenya)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ke","slug":"class-a-mining-permit","name":"Class A Work Permit (Prospecting and Mining)","category":"investor","summary":"Work permit for a foreign national engaging, alone or in partnership, in prospecting for minerals or mining in Kenya.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Issued and renewable in line with the licensed activity; counts toward the residence record for permanent residence.","primarySource":{"label":"Application for Permit Class A (Prospecting and Mining) - eFNS","url":"https://fns.immigration.go.ke/infopack/permits/classA/","authority":"Directorate of Immigration Services (Kenya)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ke","slug":"special-pass","name":"Special Pass","category":"short-term-business","summary":"Short-term pass allowing a foreign national to conduct business, trade or a profession in Kenya temporarily, for up to six months.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 6 months maximum; not a settlement route.","primarySource":{"label":"Special Pass - Directorate of Immigration Services","url":"https://immigration.go.ke/kenya-special-pass/","authority":"Directorate of Immigration Services (Kenya)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ke","slug":"dependants-pass","name":"Dependant's Pass","category":"family","summary":"Pass for a dependant of a Kenyan citizen, a work-permit holder, a permanent resident or an exempted person.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Aligned to the sponsor status; renewable while the relationship and sponsor status continue.","primarySource":{"label":"Dependant's Pass - Directorate of Immigration Services","url":"https://immigration.go.ke/dependants-pass/","authority":"Directorate of Immigration Services (Kenya)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ke","slug":"students-pass","name":"Student's Pass","category":"study","summary":"Pass for a foreign national admitted to an academic or training institution in Kenya.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Aligned to the course of study; renewable while enrolled.","primarySource":{"label":"Student's Pass - Directorate of Immigration Services","url":"https://immigration.go.ke/students-pass/","authority":"Directorate of Immigration Services (Kenya)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"ke","slug":"permanent-residence","name":"Permanent Residence","category":"residence-general","summary":"Permanent residence in Kenya under the Kenya Citizenship and Immigration Act, including a route after long lawful residence on work permits.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent on grant, subject to the conditions of the Act.","primarySource":{"label":"Permanent Residence - Directorate of Immigration Services","url":"https://immigration.go.ke/permanent-residence/","authority":"Directorate of Immigration Services (Kenya)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"hk","slug":"general-employment-policy","name":"General Employment Policy (GEP)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Hong Kong's main employer-sponsored route for non-local professionals with a confirmed job offer that cannot be readily filled locally.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial stay normally up to 36 months on employment conditions; extensions typically follow a 3+3+2-year pattern.","primarySource":{"label":"Immigration Department - General Employment Policy","url":"https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/GEP.html","authority":"Immigration Department (Hong Kong SAR)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"hk","slug":"quality-migrant-admission-scheme","name":"Quality Migrant Admission Scheme (QMAS)","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Points-based talent route for highly skilled or talented people to settle in Hong Kong without first securing a job offer.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial stay normally up to 36 months under the General Points Test (or a longer initial period for Achievement-based applicants); renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Immigration Department - Quality Migrant Admission Scheme","url":"https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/quality_migrant_admission_scheme.html","authority":"Immigration Department (Hong Kong SAR)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"hk","slug":"top-talent-pass-scheme","name":"Top Talent Pass Scheme (TTPS)","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Talent route for high earners and graduates of top-ranked universities to enter Hong Kong without a prior job offer.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial stay of 36 months (Category A) or 24 months (Categories B and C); renewable on meeting the criteria.","primarySource":{"label":"Immigration Department - Top Talent Pass Scheme","url":"https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TTPS.html","authority":"Immigration Department (Hong Kong SAR)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"hk","slug":"immigration-arrangements-non-local-graduates","name":"Immigration Arrangements for Non-local Graduates (IANG)","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"Route for non-local graduates of Hong Kong institutions (and eligible Greater Bay Area campuses) to stay and work after graduation.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial stay of 24 months on time limitation only; renewable subject to meeting the criteria.","primarySource":{"label":"Immigration Department - Immigration Arrangements for Non-local Graduates","url":"https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/IANG.html","authority":"Immigration Department (Hong Kong SAR)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"hk","slug":"technology-talent-admission-scheme","name":"Technology Talent Admission Scheme (TechTAS)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Fast-track scheme for eligible technology companies to admit non-local R&D talent against a quota allotted by the Innovation and Technology Commission.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Employment-based stay aligned with the company quota and the applicant contract; renewable subject to continued eligibility.","primarySource":{"label":"Immigration Department - Technology Talent Admission Scheme","url":"https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/TECHTAS.html","authority":"Immigration Department (Hong Kong SAR)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"hk","slug":"investment-as-entrepreneurs","name":"Entry for Investment as Entrepreneurs","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"Route under the General Employment Policy for people establishing or joining a business in Hong Kong as entrepreneurs.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial stay normally up to 36 months on employment (business) conditions; extensions follow the standard pattern.","primarySource":{"label":"Immigration Department - Investment as Entrepreneurs","url":"https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/investment.html","authority":"Immigration Department (Hong Kong SAR)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"hk","slug":"capital-investment-entrant-scheme","name":"Capital Investment Entrant Scheme (CIES)","category":"investor","summary":"Investment-migration route relaunched in 2024 for people who place a substantial sum in permissible Hong Kong assets.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial stay granted under the scheme, renewable while the investment and asset requirements continue to be met.","primarySource":{"label":"Immigration Department - Capital Investment Entrant Scheme","url":"https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/capital_investment_entrant_scheme.html","authority":"Immigration Department (Hong Kong SAR)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"hk","slug":"dependant-visa","name":"Entry for Residence as Dependants","category":"family","summary":"Route for spouses, civil partners, dependent children and (for permanent-resident sponsors) elderly parents to reside in Hong Kong.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Stay normally aligned with the sponsor permitted period of stay; renewable alongside the sponsor.","primarySource":{"label":"Immigration Department - Entry for Residence as Dependants","url":"https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/residence_as_dependant.html","authority":"Immigration Department (Hong Kong SAR)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"tw","slug":"employment-gold-card","name":"Taiwan Employment Gold Card","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"A combined open work permit, resident visa, ARC and re-entry permit for foreign special professionals in designated fields, not tied to any single employer.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Valid for 1 to 3 years; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"National Development Council - Taiwan Employment Gold Card","url":"https://goldcard.nat.gov.tw/en/","authority":"National Development Council (Taiwan)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"tw","slug":"specialized-technical-work-permit","name":"Work Permit for Specialized or Technical Work + ARC","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"The standard employer-sponsored route for foreign professionals: the employer obtains a work permit from the Workforce Development Agency, then the worker applies for a resident visa and Alien Resident Certificate.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Work permit and resident visa run with the employment contract (which must have more than six months remaining at application); renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"EZ Work Taiwan - Specialized or Technical Works","url":"https://ezworktaiwan.wda.gov.tw/en/Content_List.aspx?n=9154A8557DC568D3","authority":"Workforce Development Agency (Taiwan)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"tw","slug":"foreign-special-professional-work-permit","name":"Foreign Special Professional Work Permit","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"An enhanced work-permit route under the Foreign Professionals Act for designated special professionals, allowing employment permits of up to five years and additional incentives.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Employment permit of up to five years for designated foreign professionals; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"EZ Work Taiwan - Recruitment and Employment of Foreign Professionals","url":"https://ezworktaiwan.wda.gov.tw/en/Content_List.aspx?n=8928B9E38436366C","authority":"Workforce Development Agency (Taiwan)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"tw","slug":"entrepreneur-resident-visa","name":"Entrepreneur Resident Visa","category":"entrepreneur","summary":"A resident visa for foreign entrepreneurs starting or running an innovative business in Taiwan, reviewed against the Entrepreneur visa qualification directions.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Initial residence of 2 years; extensions of up to 2 years each subject to continuing to meet the qualification directions.","primarySource":{"label":"BOCA - Resident Visas for Entrepreneur","url":"https://www.boca.gov.tw/cp-166-277-41131-2.html","authority":"Bureau of Consular Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"tw","slug":"employment-seeking-visa","name":"Visitor Visa for Employment-Seeking Purpose","category":"work-unsponsored","summary":"A visitor visa allowing qualifying professionals and recent top-university graduates to enter Taiwan to look for professional work before securing a work permit.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Short-stay visitor visa for job-seeking; the holder must convert to a work-permit-based resident visa to stay and work.","primarySource":{"label":"BOCA - Visitor visa for Employment-Seeking Purpose","url":"https://www.boca.gov.tw/cp-158-4158-09d5a-2.html","authority":"Bureau of Consular Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"tw","slug":"permanent-residence-aprc","name":"Permanent Residence (Alien Permanent Resident Certificate, APRC)","category":"residence-general","summary":"Permanent residence for foreign nationals who have legally resided in Taiwan continuously for five years, granted by the National Immigration Agency under the Immigration Act.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent, subject to maintaining the rolling presence requirement; re-entry and the certificate are maintained per NIA rules.","primarySource":{"label":"National Immigration Agency - Regulations Governing Residency and Permanent Residency of Aliens","url":"https://www.immigration.gov.tw/5475/5478/141478/141482/148812/","authority":"National Immigration Agency (Taiwan)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"my","slug":"employment-pass","name":"Employment Pass (EP)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Employer-sponsored work pass for expatriate professionals, issued in Categories I, II and III with a tiered minimum-salary structure, processed via the Expatriate Services Division.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to 60 months per issuance, depending on the employment contract and Expatriate Committee discretion.","primarySource":{"label":"ESD - Employment Pass (EP)","url":"https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/expatriates/myxpats/key-services/employment-pass/","authority":"Expatriate Services Division, Immigration Department of Malaysia","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"my","slug":"residence-pass-talent","name":"Residence Pass-Talent (RP-T)","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"A ten-year renewable pass for highly skilled expatriates already established in Malaysia, allowing them to change employers without reapplying.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Ten years, renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"TalentCorp - Residence Pass-Talent (RP-T)","url":"https://rpt.talentcorp.com.my/about/introduction-and-benefits","authority":"TalentCorp / Immigration Department of Malaysia","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"my","slug":"professional-visit-pass","name":"Professional Visit Pass (PVP)","category":"short-term-business","summary":"A short-term pass for foreign professionals providing services or undergoing training in Malaysia while remaining employed by an overseas company.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"No longer than 12 months per issuance.","primarySource":{"label":"ESD - Professional Visit Pass (PVP)","url":"https://esd.imi.gov.my/portal/expatriates/myxpats/key-services/professional-visit-pass/","authority":"Expatriate Services Division, Immigration Department of Malaysia","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"my","slug":"de-rantau-nomad-pass","name":"DE Rantau Nomad Pass","category":"digital-nomad","summary":"A Professional Visit Pass variant for foreign digital nomads and remote workers serving non-Malaysian clients, administered by MDEC.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"3 to 12 months, renewable for up to a further 12 months.","primarySource":{"label":"MDEC - DE Rantau Nomad Pass","url":"https://www.mdec.my/derantau","authority":"Malaysia Digital Economy Corporation (MDEC)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"my","slug":"mm2h","name":"Malaysia My Second Home (MM2H)","category":"residence-general","summary":"A long-stay social visit pass programme for foreigners meeting financial criteria, offered in Platinum, Gold, Silver and SEZ/SFZ categories.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Multiple-entry Social Visit Pass; validity varies by category - confirm on the official MM2H portal.","primarySource":{"label":"MOTAC - Malaysia My Second Home (MM2H)","url":"https://www.mm2h.gov.my/","authority":"Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture (MOTAC)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"th","slug":"non-immigrant-b-work","name":"Non-Immigrant Visa \"B\" + Work Permit","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Thailand's standard employment route: a Non-Immigrant \"B\" visa from a Thai mission plus a separate work permit issued by the Department of Employment.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Visa commonly issued for 90 days initially; work permit and stay extended in Thailand, typically year by year.","primarySource":{"label":"MFA - Non-Immigrant Visa \"B\" (Business and Work)","url":"https://www.mfa.go.th/en/publicservice/non-immigrant-visa-b-for-business-and-work","authority":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Thailand)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"th","slug":"long-term-resident-visa","name":"Long-Term Resident (LTR) Visa","category":"residence-general","summary":"A 10-year BOI-administered visa for high-potential foreigners across four categories, with a digital work permit and tax and re-entry benefits.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Long-term visa issued for up to 10 years (commonly in 5-year tranches); renewable subject to continued eligibility.","primarySource":{"label":"BOI - Long-Term Resident (LTR) Visa","url":"https://ltr.boi.go.th/","authority":"Board of Investment (Thailand)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"th","slug":"smart-visa","name":"SMART Visa","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"A BOI visa for talent, investors, executives and startup founders in targeted industries, granting up to four years of stay with no separate work permit required.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Maximum four-year permission to stay, depending on the SMART type; renewable subject to continued eligibility.","primarySource":{"label":"BOI - SMART Visa","url":"https://smart-visa.boi.go.th/smart/","authority":"Board of Investment (Thailand)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"th","slug":"destination-thailand-visa","name":"Destination Thailand Visa (DTV)","category":"digital-nomad","summary":"A five-year multiple-entry visa launched in 2024 for remote workers (workcation) and Thai soft-power activities, allowing 180-day stays per entry.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Five-year multiple-entry visa; up to 180 days per entry, extendable once at an immigration office.","primarySource":{"label":"Thailand e-Visa - official application portal","url":"https://www.thaievisa.go.th/","authority":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Thailand)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"th","slug":"non-immigrant-o-retirement","name":"Non-Immigrant Visa \"O-A\" (Retirement / Long Stay)","category":"residence-general","summary":"A long-stay retirement visa for applicants aged 50 and over with the required savings or pension income; employment of any kind is prohibited.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"One-year stay; renewable annually if the financial and other conditions continue to be met.","primarySource":{"label":"MFA - Non-Immigrant Visa O-A (Long Stay)","url":"https://www.mfa.go.th/en/publicservice/non-immigrant-visa-o-a-long-stay","authority":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Thailand)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"th","slug":"non-immigrant-o-family","name":"Non-Immigrant Visa \"O\" (Family / Spouse of Thai National)","category":"family","summary":"A family visa for foreigners married to Thai nationals or accompanying close family, with an initial 90-day stay extendable yearly; it does not grant the right to work.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Initial single-entry 90-day stay; extendable one year at a time at an immigration office.","primarySource":{"label":"Thailand e-Visa - Non-Immigrant Visa \"O\"","url":"https://www.thaievisa.go.th/","authority":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Thailand)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"in","slug":"employment-visa","name":"India Employment Visa","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Visa for highly skilled foreign professionals engaged by an Indian or foreign company to work in India.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Generally up to one to five years, tied to the employment contract; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Bureau of Immigration - Work in India","url":"https://boi.gov.in/boi/public/content/pages/07a95390-9fdd-438c-ac64-50b10cda9417","authority":"Bureau of Immigration / Ministry of Home Affairs (India)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"in","slug":"business-visa","name":"India Business Visa","category":"short-term-business","summary":"Visa for foreign nationals visiting India for business, trade and commercial activity short of taking up employment.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Typically issued for up to five years with multiple entries, subject to stay limits per visit; varies by nationality.","primarySource":{"label":"Indian Visa Online - Visa categories","url":"https://indianvisaonline.gov.in/visa/visa-category.html","authority":"Bureau of Immigration / Ministry of Home Affairs (India)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"in","slug":"e-visa","name":"India e-Visa","category":"short-term-business","summary":"Electronic visa applied for online for tourism, business, medical and conference visits under defined sub-categories.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Varies by sub-category, from 30 days up to multi-year tourist validity; confirm per sub-type.","primarySource":{"label":"Indian Visa Online - e-Visa","url":"https://indianvisaonline.gov.in/evisa/tvoa.html","authority":"Bureau of Immigration / Ministry of Home Affairs (India)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"in","slug":"project-visa","name":"India Project Visa","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Sector-specific work visa for foreign nationals executing projects in the power and steel sectors.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Granted for the duration of the project, subject to the applicable ceilings; renewable for the project term.","primarySource":{"label":"Bureau of Immigration - Work in India","url":"https://boi.gov.in/boi/public/content/pages/07a95390-9fdd-438c-ac64-50b10cda9417","authority":"Bureau of Immigration / Ministry of Home Affairs (India)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"in","slug":"intern-visa","name":"India Intern Visa","category":"youth-mobility","summary":"Visa for foreign nationals undertaking an internship with an Indian company, institution, NGO or media organisation.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"For the period of the internship; the foreign national must exit before visa expiry.","primarySource":{"label":"Ministry of Home Affairs - Details of Visas Granted by India","url":"https://www.mha.gov.in/PDF_Other/AnnexIII_01022018.pdf","authority":"Ministry of Home Affairs (India)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"in","slug":"student-visa","name":"India Student Visa","category":"study","summary":"Visa for foreign nationals pursuing full-time study or internships at recognised institutions in India.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"For the duration of the course, typically up to five years, renewable in India.","primarySource":{"label":"Bureau of Immigration - Study in India","url":"https://boi.gov.in/boi/public/content/pages/c7950f94-1736-450c-b526-b7a747eac403","authority":"Bureau of Immigration / Ministry of Home Affairs (India)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"in","slug":"oci-cardholder","name":"Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) Card","category":"residence-general","summary":"Lifelong multiple-entry status for foreign nationals of Indian origin and their eligible relatives.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Lifelong, subject to re-issue conditions for cards issued before age 20 and after age 50.","primarySource":{"label":"Online OCI Services","url":"https://ociservices.gov.in/","authority":"Ministry of Home Affairs (India)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"qa","slug":"work-residence-permit","name":"Work Residence Permit","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"The standard employer-sponsored residence permit for foreign nationals coming to work and live in Qatar. A Qatari employer applies and handles the paperwork.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Issued and renewed annually by the employer; tied to the employment relationship.","primarySource":{"label":"Work Residence Permit - Hukoomi","url":"https://portal.www.gov.qa/wps/wcm/connect/Hukoomi+Web+Content/Hukoomi/Topics/Visas+and+Official+Documents/residenceandworkpermits","authority":"Ministry of Interior (Qatar) / Hukoomi","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"qa","slug":"family-residence-visa","name":"Family Residence Visa","category":"family","summary":"Allows an expatriate resident in Qatar to sponsor immediate family members. Each family member, including infants, requires an individual Family Residence Visa.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"One to five years per family member, stamped in the passport; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Family Residence Visa - Hukoomi","url":"https://portal.www.gov.qa/wps/wcm/connect/Hukoomi+Web+Content/Hukoomi/Topics/Visas+and+Official+Documents/residenceandworkpermits","authority":"Ministry of Interior (Qatar) / Hukoomi","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"qa","slug":"investor-residence-visa","name":"Investor Residence Visa","category":"investor","summary":"A residence visa granted by the Ministry of Interior to foreign nationals coming to Qatar for investment, applied for through the Hukoomi portal.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Renewable residence visa; confirm the current validity period on Hukoomi / MOI.","primarySource":{"label":"Apply for Investor Residence Visa - Hukoomi","url":"https://hukoomi.gov.qa/en/service/apply-for-investor-residence-visa/1000","authority":"Ministry of Interior (Qatar) / Hukoomi","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"qa","slug":"real-estate-residence","name":"Real Estate Residence (Property Owner)","category":"residence-general","summary":"Residence linked to owning real estate in Qatar designated areas. Listed among Qatar official visa categories as the Real Estate Visa.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Residence linked to qualifying property ownership; confirm the current term on the official portals.","primarySource":{"label":"Visas (Real Estate Visa) - Hukoomi","url":"https://portal.www.gov.qa/wps/wcm/connect/hukoomi+web+content/hukoomi/topics/visas+and+official+documents/visas","authority":"Ministry of Interior (Qatar) / Hukoomi","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"qa","slug":"permanent-residency","name":"Permanent Residency (Law No. 10 of 2018)","category":"residence-general","summary":"A distinct permanent-residence status created by Law No. 10 of 2018 and granted by a dedicated Ministry of Interior committee. It is not Qatari citizenship.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Permanent status (subject to the law and committee conditions); a distinct status, not citizenship.","primarySource":{"label":"Permanent Residency - Ministry of Interior (Qatar)","url":"https://portal.moi.gov.qa/wps/portal/MOIInternet/departmentcommittees/permanentresidency","authority":"Ministry of Interior (Qatar)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"il","slug":"b1-expert-work-visa","name":"B/1 Expert Work Visa","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Employer-sponsored work visa for foreign experts whose specialist skills are not readily available in the Israeli labour market. The Israeli employer must first obtain a permit from PIBA before the visa is issued.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Issued for fixed periods (commonly up to one year), renewable subject to PIBA approval; verify current durations on the official page.","primarySource":{"label":"Apply for a permit to employ an expert foreign worker - PIBA","url":"https://www.gov.il/en/service/working_permit_for_foreign_workers","authority":"Population and Immigration Authority","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"il","slug":"aliyah-law-of-return","name":"Aliyah - Immigration under the Law of Return","category":"citizenship-by-descent","summary":"Immigration to Israel under the Law of Return, open to Jews, their children and grandchildren, and eligible spouses, leading to Israeli citizenship.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Leads to Israeli citizenship; an A/1 temporary residence visa for eligible persons is issued for a multi-year period as an alternative pathway. Verify on the official page.","primarySource":{"label":"Apply for a Temporary Residence Visa Type A/1 under the Right of Return - PIBA","url":"https://www.gov.il/en/service/law_of_return_entitled_request_to_settle1","authority":"Population and Immigration Authority","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"il","slug":"a2-student-visa","name":"A/2 Student Visa","category":"study","summary":"Temporary stay permit for students enrolled at Israeli schools, academic institutions, yeshivas or recognised youth institutions. Holders may not work in Israel.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Up to one year, renewable for the duration of the course of study; verify on the official page.","primarySource":{"label":"Apply for an entry visa for students or yeshiva pupils - PIBA","url":"https://www.gov.il/en/service/student_visa_application_type","authority":"Population and Immigration Authority","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"il","slug":"family-marriage-status","name":"Status through Marriage to an Israeli Citizen or Permanent Resident","category":"family","summary":"Graduated procedure through which the foreign spouse or partner of an Israeli citizen or permanent resident obtains legal status, progressing over several years toward permanent residence or citizenship.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"A graduated, multi-year process leading over time toward permanent residence or citizenship; exact duration depends on circumstances. Verify on the official page.","primarySource":{"label":"Application for legal status by virtue of a marital relationship with an Israeli - PIBA","url":"https://www.gov.il/en/service/requesting-status-for-foreign-life-partner","authority":"Population and Immigration Authority","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"tr","slug":"work-permit","name":"Turkey Work Permit (employer-sponsored)","category":"work-sponsored","summary":"Employer-sponsored permit issued by the Ministry of Labour and Social Security that grants both the right to work and to reside in Türkiye for its validity period.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Definite permit up to one year initially, extendable; permanent work permit available after eight years legal work.","primarySource":{"label":"Ministry of Labour and Social Security - Work Permit Types","url":"https://www.csgb.gov.tr/uigm/en/work-permit/work-permit-types/","authority":"Directorate General of International Labour Force","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"tr","slug":"short-term-residence","name":"Turkey Short-Term Residence Permit","category":"residence-general","summary":"Flexible residence permit covering property owners, business connections, tourism, study programmes, medical treatment and investment, issued by the Presidency of Migration Management.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to one or two years per issuance, renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Presidency of Migration Management - Residence Permit Types","url":"https://en.goc.gov.tr/residence-permit-types","authority":"Presidency of Migration Management (Türkiye)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"tr","slug":"turquoise-card","name":"Turkey Turquoise Card","category":"skilled-migration","summary":"Special status conferring the rights of an indefinite work permit on highly qualified professionals, investors, researchers, and cultural figures, after a three-year transition period.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Provisional three-year transition period, then indefinite on successful conversion.","primarySource":{"label":"Ministry of Labour and Social Security - Turquoise Card","url":"https://www.csgb.gov.tr/uigm/en/turquoise-card/","authority":"Directorate General of International Labour Force","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"tr","slug":"digital-nomad","name":"Turkey Digital Nomad Visa","category":"digital-nomad","summary":"Route for remote workers employed by, or contracting with, non-Turkish companies, built around an official Digital Nomad Identification Certificate issued via the goturkiye portal.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Temporary; tied to the visa and short-term residence period granted on entry.","primarySource":{"label":"Go Türkiye - Digital Nomad Portal","url":"https://digitalnomads.goturkiye.com/","authority":"Türkiye Tourism Promotion and Development Agency (TGA)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"tr","slug":"family-residence","name":"Turkey Family Residence Permit","category":"family","summary":"Residence permit for the foreign spouse, children, and dependent family members of a Turkish citizen or of a residence-permit holder, issued by the Presidency of Migration Management.","sponsorshipRequired":true,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Up to two years per issuance, not exceeding the sponsor permit duration; renewable.","primarySource":{"label":"Presidency of Migration Management - Residence Permit Types","url":"https://en.goc.gov.tr/residence-permit-types","authority":"Presidency of Migration Management (Türkiye)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"tr","slug":"student-residence","name":"Turkey Student Residence Permit","category":"study","summary":"Residence permit for foreigners enrolled in primary, secondary, or higher education in Türkiye, issued by the Presidency of Migration Management.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":false,"typicalDuration":"Tied to the period of study; renewable while enrolled.","primarySource":{"label":"Presidency of Migration Management - Residence Permit Types","url":"https://en.goc.gov.tr/residence-permit-types","authority":"Presidency of Migration Management (Türkiye)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"tr","slug":"citizenship-by-investment","name":"Turkey Citizenship by Investment","category":"investor","summary":"Exceptional acquisition of Turkish citizenship for foreigners making a qualifying investment, including real estate of at least USD 400,000 with a three-year no-sale restriction.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Citizenship, subject to a three-year no-sale restriction on the qualifying property.","primarySource":{"label":"Presidency of Migration Management - Acquisition of Turkish Citizenship","url":"https://en.goc.gov.tr/kurumlar/en.goc/Brosurler/9_TR_VATANDASLIGI_ENG-2.pdf","authority":"Presidency of Migration Management (Türkiye)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"},{"destination":"tr","slug":"long-term-residence","name":"Turkey Long-Term Residence Permit","category":"residence-general","summary":"Indefinite residence permit for foreigners who have lived continuously in Türkiye for at least eight years on valid residence permits.","sponsorshipRequired":false,"leadsToSettlement":true,"typicalDuration":"Indefinite, subject to the conditions of the permit.","primarySource":{"label":"Presidency of Migration Management - Residence Permit Types","url":"https://en.goc.gov.tr/residence-permit-types","authority":"Presidency of Migration Management (Türkiye)","lastVerified":"2026-06-01"},"lastReviewed":"2026-06-01"}]