People's Republic of China vs Taiwan (Republic of China)
A neutral side-by-side of immigration systems, routes and regulators. Each row links to the underlying visa page with its primary government source.
Last reviewed:
People's Republic of China
China regulates the stay of foreign nationals through the National Immigration Administration, with the employer-sponsored Z work visa as the standard route and the R visa for high-level talent. A new K visa for young STEM talent took effect on 1 October 2025, and the Foreign Permanent Resident ID Card (the "Five-Star Card") is the permanent-residence document. The English portal is partial - some rules are published only in Chinese.
- Official portal
- National Immigration Administration (China)
- Languages
- Mandarin Chinese
- Currency
- Renminbi (yuan)
Taiwan (Republic of China)
Taiwan manages immigration through the National Immigration Agency (NIA) under the Ministry of the Interior, with work authorisation governed by the Workforce Development Agency (WDA) and entry visas issued by the Bureau of Consular Affairs (BOCA). The headline routes for skilled foreigners are the Employment Gold Card, which bundles a visa, residence and open work permit for designated specialist fields, and the employer-sponsored work permit plus Alien Resident Certificate (ARC). After five years of continuous residence, many foreign professionals can apply for an Alien Permanent Resident Certificate (APRC).
- Official portal
- National Immigration Agency (Taiwan)
- Languages
- Mandarin Chinese
- Currency
- New Taiwan dollar
How People's Republic of China and Taiwan (Republic of China) differ
| Dimension | People's Republic of China | Taiwan (Republic of China) |
|---|---|---|
| Total routes covered | 7 | 6 |
| Routes without employer sponsor | 2 | 4 |
| Routes leading to permanent residence | 4 | 5 |
| Typical full settlement timeline | — | — |
| Dominant skilled visa | Z Work Visa (with Foreigner Work Permit and Residence Permit) | Taiwan Employment Gold Card |
| Skilled visa salary minimum | — | — |
| Skilled visa processing time | — | — |
| Skilled visa government fees | — | — |
| Official languages | Mandarin Chinese | Mandarin Chinese |
| Currency | Renminbi (yuan) | New Taiwan dollar |
| Primary regulator | NIA | TBA |
| Policy changes (last 12 months) | 1 | 0 |
Skilled-route head-to-head
Comparing each country’s most-used skilled-migration route side by side.
People's Republic of China
Z Work Visa (with Foreigner Work Permit and Residence Permit)
- Salary minimum
- —
- Government fees
- —
- Processing time
- —
- Sponsor required
- Yes
- Leads to settlement
- Yes
Taiwan (Republic of China)
Taiwan Employment Gold Card
- Salary minimum
- —
- Government fees
- —
- Processing time
- —
- Sponsor required
- No
- Leads to settlement
- Yes
Routes unique to People's Republic of China
Routes unique to Taiwan (Republic of China)
Visa routes side by side
People's Republic of China (7)
Z Work Visa (with Foreigner Work Permit and Residence Permit)
Sponsor · To settlement · The Z visa itself is short-validity for entry; the work-type residence permit you obtain after arrival is typically issued for one year and renewable.
K Visa (young science and technology talent)
No sponsor · Non-settlement · Indicative only. The K visa is described as offering more flexibility on entries, validity and length of stay than the existing ordinary categories; confirm the current terms on the official page.
R Talent Visa (high-level and urgently needed talent)
Sponsor · To settlement · The R visa is for entry; the work-type residence permit obtained after arrival is typically issued for one or more years and is renewable.
Foreign Permanent Resident ID Card (Five-Star Card)
Sponsor · To settlement · Permanent residence status; the physical card is issued with a validity period and is renewed while you maintain eligibility.
Q Family Reunion Visa (Q1 and Q2)
Sponsor · To settlement · Q1 is a long-stay route: after entry you obtain a family-type residence permit, often issued for up to several years and renewable. Q2 is for short visits only.
X Student Visa (X1 and X2)
Sponsor · Non-settlement · X1 covers long courses: after entry you obtain a study-type residence permit for the programme length, renewable while you study. X2 is for short study of up to six months.
M Business Visa
No sponsor · Non-settlement · Short stays per visit; the visa can be single, double or multiple entry depending on what is granted.
Taiwan (Republic of China) (6)
Taiwan Employment Gold Card
No sponsor · To settlement · Valid for 1 to 3 years; renewable.
Work Permit for Specialized or Technical Work + ARC
Sponsor · To settlement · Work permit and resident visa run with the employment contract (which must have more than six months remaining at application); renewable.
Foreign Special Professional Work Permit
Sponsor · To settlement · Employment permit of up to five years for designated foreign professionals; renewable.
Entrepreneur Resident Visa
No sponsor · To settlement · Initial residence of 2 years; extensions of up to 2 years each subject to continuing to meet the qualification directions.
Visitor Visa for Employment-Seeking Purpose
No sponsor · Non-settlement · Short-stay visitor visa for job-seeking; the holder must convert to a work-permit-based resident visa to stay and work.
Permanent Residence (Alien Permanent Resident Certificate, APRC)
No sponsor · To settlement · Permanent, subject to maintaining the rolling presence requirement; re-entry and the certificate are maintained per NIA rules.
Frequently asked questions
Which country has an easier skilled-migration route, People's Republic of China or Taiwan (Republic of China)?+
People's Republic of China’s Z Work Visa (with Foreigner Work Permit and Residence Permit) is the dominant skilled route; Taiwan (Republic of China)’s Taiwan Employment Gold Card is the dominant skilled route. “Easier” depends on your salary, sponsor situation, and nationality — see each visa’s eligibility detail.
Does People's Republic of China or Taiwan (Republic of China) have more visa routes without an employer sponsor?+
Taiwan (Republic of China) has more: 4 of its covered routes can be pursued without an employer sponsor, against 2 for People's Republic of China. No-sponsor routes — such as digital-nomad, self-employment, and points-based skilled migration — matter most if you do not yet have a job offer.