Commonwealth of Australia vs New Zealand
A neutral side-by-side of immigration systems, routes and regulators. Each row links to the underlying visa page with its primary government source.
Guidance updated:
Australia or New Zealand: compare the route you can actually use
Your passport, existing residence status and job offer can change the answer before points or costs enter the comparison. For applicants without trans-Tasman rights, compare a specific Australian visa with a specific New Zealand pathway—not two country-wide points totals.
Do you already have citizenship or permanent residence across the Tasman?
Commonwealth of Australia
Eligible New Zealand citizens can obtain a Special Category visa to live, work and study in Australia. New Zealand permanent residence alone does not provide this citizenship-based route. The SCV is a temporary visa; citizenship eligibility is a separate assessment.
New Zealand
Australian citizens and permanent residents can qualify for a New Zealand resident visa on arrival, subject to entry and character requirements. Australian permanent residents need an NZeTA before travel; Australian citizens do not. Australian temporary residence alone is insufficient.
For your decision: Check the passport and status held by each family member. The two directions are not identical, and one person’s entitlement does not establish everyone else’s eligibility.
You do not have a job offer: which skilled route can you explore?
Commonwealth of Australia
The points-tested subclass 189 route does not require an employer sponsor. You need an eligible occupation, a suitable skills assessment, the required English and other criteria, and must be under 45 when invited. At least 65 points is an eligibility floor, not a promised invitation.
New Zealand
Skilled Migrant Category residence requires qualifying work or a job offer with an accredited employer. Its current options are the six-point pathway, Skilled Work Experience pathway, and Trades and Technicians pathway. Applicants must be 55 or younger and meet the chosen pathway’s detailed conditions.
For your decision: Without an eligible New Zealand job, an SMC points total does not solve the missing job requirement. For Australia, calculate only evidence-backed points and inspect occupation-specific invitation results; submitting an EOI does not grant permission to move or work.
Is your main constraint the invitation, the job, or the application decision?
Commonwealth of Australia
For subclass 189, an expression of interest comes before an invitation and a visa application. Invitation rounds are periodic, not a guaranteed monthly appointment for each candidate. The required invitation score may exceed the minimum eligibility score.
New Zealand
For SMC, identify the job and pathway conditions before submitting an EOI. Work-experience pathways can require qualifying New Zealand work before residence is possible; an application-processing estimate does not include the time needed to earn that experience.
For your decision: Build your timeline from the stage you have actually reached. Compare application decision times only after separately allowing for recruitment, skills recognition, invitation waiting and any required work experience.
Does “residence” give you the travel rights you need?
Commonwealth of Australia
Check the travel facility and conditions on the Australian visa you are considering. Do not substitute the rights of an Australian citizen for those of a permanent resident, or treat a New Zealand citizen’s SCV as a general skilled-migration route.
New Zealand
A New Zealand resident visa and Permanent Resident Visa are different. The latter normally requires at least two consecutive years holding residence, compliance with conditions and evidence of commitment to New Zealand. It permits indefinite travel in and out; it is not awarded automatically after two years.
For your decision: If regular international travel matters, compare the actual return rights on the grant—not just the word “permanent”. Citizenship has separate eligibility and application requirements.
- Estimate Australian 189 points
- Check subclass 189 requirements
- Compare the three SMC pathways
- Explore employer-led New Zealand work and residence options
- Build an Australian family application budget
This comparison covers selected skilled and trans-Tasman decisions, not every family, study, investment or humanitarian route. Country averages cannot establish your household budget: compare the same family size, currency, application stage and actual job location. Fees and detailed route facts retain their own source dates.
This decision guide was checked on . Individual figures elsewhere on this page retain their own source dates.
Source basis
This comparison combines Commonwealth of Australia and New Zealand government portals with the primary sources for each side's dominant skilled route. Every detailed figure links through to the underlying route or data page.
Primary sources
- Department of Home Affairs — Immigration and citizenship
Department of Home Affairs (Australia) - verified
- Immigration New Zealand
Immigration New Zealand (INZ) - verified
- Department of Home Affairs — Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189)
Department of Home Affairs - verified
- Immigration New Zealand — Skilled Migrant Category
Immigration New Zealand (INZ) - verified
Commonwealth of Australia
Australia operates a points-based SkillSelect system for permanent and provisional skilled visas alongside employer-sponsored subclasses (482 TSS, 186 ENS, 494 Regional), Working Holiday Maker subclasses, and student and global talent visas.
- Official portal
- Department of Home Affairs (Australia)
- Languages
- English
- Currency
- Australian dollar
New Zealand
New Zealand's immigration system is administered by Immigration New Zealand (INZ), a branch of the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE). The Skilled Migrant Category (SMC) is the primary points-based residence pathway. The Accredited Employer Work Visa (AEWV) is the main employer-sponsored temporary route, replacing the former Essential Skills visa in 2022. Working Holiday Schemes, Post-Study Work Visas, and investor categories round out the system.
- Official portal
- Immigration New Zealand (INZ)
- Languages
- English, Te Reo Māori, NZ Sign Language
- Currency
- New Zealand dollar
How Commonwealth of Australia and New Zealand differ
| Dimension | Commonwealth of Australia | New Zealand |
|---|---|---|
| Total routes covered | 9 | 7 |
| Routes without employer sponsor | 6 | 5 |
| Routes leading to permanent residence | 7 | 3 |
| Long-term status: compare the same milestone | Check the travel facility and conditions on the Australian visa you are considering. Do not substitute the rights of an Australian citizen for those of a permanent resident, or treat a New Zealand citizen’s SCV as a general skilled-migration route. | A New Zealand resident visa and Permanent Resident Visa are different. The latter normally requires at least two consecutive years holding residence, compliance with conditions and evidence of commitment to New Zealand. It permits indefinite travel in and out; it is not awarded automatically after two years. |
| Dominant skilled visa | Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189) | Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa |
| Skilled visa salary minimum | — (source checked 2026-07-01) | NZ$35/hour (source checked 2026-07-30) |
| Skilled visa processing time | The Home Affairs processing-time tool, checked 10 September 2026 for subclass 189 Points-Tested, reports 50% processed in 7 months and 90% in 8 months. These are observed processing percentiles for recently decided visa applications, not a minimum/maximum range or a guaranteed decision date. SkillSelect invitation waiting is separate. (source checked 2026-09-10) | Immigration New Zealand snapshot checked 10 September 2026: 80% of Skilled Migrant Category applications completed within 4 months, with a 9.5-week average wait. (source checked 2026-09-10) |
| Selected skilled-route cost summary | The subclass 189 points-tested visa application charge is A$6,135 for the primary applicant, plus A$3,070 per additional adult and A$1,540 per child under 18. A couple pays A$9,205 in first-instalment charges. Conditional English charges and separately paid assessment, testing and document costs are extra. (source checked 2026-09-10) | New Zealand publishes NZD 6,450 as the application cost for the Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa, with no separate EOI submission fee. (source checked 2026-07-01) |
| Official languages | English | English, Te Reo Māori, NZ Sign Language |
| Currency | Australian dollar | New Zealand dollar |
| Primary regulator | MARA | IAA |
| Policy changes (last 12 months) | 1 | 4 |
Skilled-route head-to-head
Two selected skilled routes. They are not interchangeable or a ranking by application volume.
Commonwealth of Australia
Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189)
- Salary minimum
- —
- Route cost summary
- The subclass 189 points-tested visa application charge is A$6,135 for the primary applicant, plus A$3,070 per additional adult and A$1,540 per child under 18. A couple pays A$9,205 in first-instalment charges. Conditional English charges and separately paid assessment, testing and document costs are extra.
- Processing time
- The Home Affairs processing-time tool, checked 10 September 2026 for subclass 189 Points-Tested, reports 50% processed in 7 months and 90% in 8 months. These are observed processing percentiles for recently decided visa applications, not a minimum/maximum range or a guaranteed decision date. SkillSelect invitation waiting is separate.
- Sponsor required
- No
- Leads to settlement
- Yes
Source checks: salary 2026-07-01; fees 2026-09-10; processing 2026-09-10.
New Zealand
Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa
- Salary minimum
- NZ$35/hour
- Route cost summary
- New Zealand publishes NZD 6,450 as the application cost for the Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa, with no separate EOI submission fee.
- Processing time
- Immigration New Zealand snapshot checked 10 September 2026: 80% of Skilled Migrant Category applications completed within 4 months, with a 9.5-week average wait.
- Sponsor required
- No
- Leads to settlement
- Yes
Source checks: salary 2026-07-30; fees 2026-07-01; processing 2026-09-10.
Recent policy activity
Last 6 months. Each entry links to its primary government source.
- 9 September 2026New Zealand
New Zealand to add Build-to-Rent funds as an Active Investor Plus Growth option
Immigration New Zealand announced that eligible Build-to-Rent developments will become an additional Growth-category investment option under the Active Investor Plus Visa in December 2026.
Immigration New Zealand (INZ) - 11 August 2026New Zealand
New Zealand moves most visitor-visa applications to enhanced Immigration Online
From 24 September 2026, most new New Zealand visitor-visa applications must use enhanced Immigration Online. Submit covered old-system drafts by 7 October; remaining drafts will be deleted from 8 October.
Immigration New Zealand (INZ) - 25 July 2026Commonwealth of Australia
Australia changes skilled-visa processing priorities under Direction 119
Direction 119 replaced Direction 105 on 25 July 2026, changing the priority order for covered skilled nominations and visa applications, including applications already waiting.
Australian Department of Home Affairs - 29 May 2026New Zealand
New Zealand announces a Short-Term Graduate Work Visa and expanded post-study eligibility
Immigration New Zealand announced a new six-month Short-Term Graduate Work Visa and expanded Post-Study Work Visa eligibility for qualifying Level 7 graduate diplomas, with applications for the new visa planned from 16 November 2026.
Immigration New Zealand (INZ)
Routes unique to New Zealand
Visa routes side by side
Commonwealth of Australia (9)
Skills in Demand visa (subclass 482)
Sponsor · Leads to settlement · Up to 4 years; Hong Kong passport holders may be granted up to 5 years.
Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189)
No sponsor · Leads to settlement · Permanent residence.
Skilled Nominated visa (subclass 190)
No sponsor · Leads to settlement · Permanent residence.
Skilled Work Regional (Provisional) visa (subclass 491)
No sponsor · Leads to settlement · 5 years provisional, with pathway to permanent residence.
Employer Nomination Scheme (subclass 186)
Sponsor · Leads to settlement · Permanent residence.
Working Holiday Maker visa (subclass 417/462)
No sponsor · Non-settlement · 12 months per grant; up to 3 visas with qualifying specified work.
National Innovation visa (formerly Global Talent)
No sponsor · Leads to settlement · Permanent residence.
Australian Student visa (subclass 500)
Sponsor · Non-settlement · Programme length plus small buffer.
Partner visa (subclass 820/801, 309/100)
No sponsor · Leads to settlement · Initial provisional to permanent residence.
New Zealand (7)
Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa
No sponsor · Leads to settlement · Indefinite residence; a Permanent Resident Visa may be available later if its requirements are met.
Accredited Employer Work Visa (AEWV)
Sponsor · Non-settlement · Up to 5 years for most jobs; often 3 years for ANZSCO or NOL skill level 4 or 5 jobs.
Working Holiday Visa
No sponsor · Non-settlement · Usually 12 months; some schemes allow longer stays, including up to 23 months for Canadians and 36 months for UK citizens.
Post-Study Work Visa
No sponsor · Non-settlement · 1–3 years depending on qualification level and study location.
Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa
No sponsor · Leads to settlement · Permanent residence.
Active Investor Plus Visa
No sponsor · Leads to settlement · Resident visa; permanent residence after meeting conditions over 3 years (Growth) or 5 years (Balanced).
Student Visa
Sponsor · Non-settlement · Duration of the study programme plus a short buffer, up to 4 years.
Frequently asked questions
Does “residence” give you the travel rights you need?+
Commonwealth of Australia: Check the travel facility and conditions on the Australian visa you are considering. Do not substitute the rights of an Australian citizen for those of a permanent resident, or treat a New Zealand citizen’s SCV as a general skilled-migration route. New Zealand: A New Zealand resident visa and Permanent Resident Visa are different. The latter normally requires at least two consecutive years holding residence, compliance with conditions and evidence of commitment to New Zealand. It permits indefinite travel in and out; it is not awarded automatically after two years. If regular international travel matters, compare the actual return rights on the grant—not just the word “permanent”. Citizenship has separate eligibility and application requirements.
Which country has an easier skilled-migration route, Commonwealth of Australia or New Zealand?+
Your passport, existing residence status and job offer can change the answer before points or costs enter the comparison. For applicants without trans-Tasman rights, compare a specific Australian visa with a specific New Zealand pathway—not two country-wide points totals. Start with the citizenship and job-offer branches above, then check the chosen route’s occupation, qualifications, pay and family conditions. A route count or a points estimate is not a likelihood of approval.
Which immigration system has changed more recently, Commonwealth of Australia or New Zealand?+
In the last 6 months: 1 logged policy change for Commonwealth of Australia, 3 for New Zealand. See the recent-policy section above for the details, each linked to its primary source.
Does Commonwealth of Australia or New Zealand have more visa routes without an employer sponsor?+
Among the routes covered here, Commonwealth of Australia has 6 marked as not requiring an employer sponsor, compared with 5 for New Zealand. This is a database classification, not a count of routes open to you without a job offer. A route can require an eligible job even where formal employer sponsorship is not required; New Zealand SMC is one example. Check your chosen route’s actual conditions.
Is the main skilled visa cheaper in Commonwealth of Australia or New Zealand?+
Commonwealth of Australia: The subclass 189 points-tested visa application charge is A$6,135 for the primary applicant, plus A$3,070 per additional adult and A$1,540 per child under 18. A couple pays A$9,205 in first-instalment charges. Conditional English charges and separately paid assessment, testing and document costs are extra. (source checked 2026-09-10) New Zealand: New Zealand publishes NZD 6,450 as the application cost for the Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa, with no separate EOI submission fee. (source checked 2026-07-01) These summaries may combine government charges with an explicitly labelled worked example or third-party expenses. Compare the itemised fees for the same household and application stage before judging which route costs less; amounts in different currencies are not directly comparable.
Cite or reuse this dataset
This comparison is free to reuse under CC BY 4.0. Cite the page for the compiled head-to-head table and use the country-comparisons JSON endpoint to retrieve the indexed pair, destination profiles and underlying source datasets.
Suggested citation
Visa Atlas, "Commonwealth of Australia vs New Zealand immigration comparison", https://visaatlas.org/compare/australia/vs/new-zealand. Page updated; individual source dates apply 10 September 2026.
- JSON endpoint
- https://visaatlas.org/api/public/country-comparisons