Kingdom of Spain vs Republic of Kenya
A neutral side-by-side of immigration systems, routes and regulators. Each row links to the underlying visa page with its primary government source.
Last reviewed:
Kingdom of Spain
Spain offers residence permits through consulates abroad and Oficinas de Extranjería inside Spain, with headline routes including the Digital Nomad Visa introduced under the 2022 Startup Law, Non-Lucrative Visa for passive-income residents, and the Highly Qualified Professional permit.
- Languages
- Spanish
- Currency
- Euro
Republic of Kenya
Kenya's Directorate of Immigration Services (DIS) administers entry, residence and work authorisation under the Kenya Citizenship and Immigration Act, 2011. Foreign nationals work mainly under lettered work-permit classes — most commonly Class D (employment by a specific employer), Class G (trade, business or consultancy) and Class K (ordinary residents with an assured external income) — while short-term and dependent stays use the Special, Dependant's and Student's passes. Applications are filed online through the eFNS portal.
- Official portal
- Directorate of Immigration Services (Kenya)
- Languages
- English, Swahili
- Currency
- Kenyan shilling
How Kingdom of Spain and Republic of Kenya differ
| Dimension | Kingdom of Spain | Republic of Kenya |
|---|---|---|
| Total routes covered | 7 | 8 |
| Routes without employer sponsor | 5 | 5 |
| Routes leading to permanent residence | 6 | 5 |
| Typical full settlement timeline | Arrival → permanent residence (5 years) → citizenship (10 years for most nationalities; 2 for Latin American). | — |
| Dominant skilled visa | Highly Qualified Professional (HQP) permit | Class D Work Permit (Employment) |
| Skilled visa salary minimum | — | — |
| Skilled visa processing time | UGE-CE publishes a 20-working-day decision target under the Startup Law for in-country HQP applications. Consular applications typically run 4–8 weeks. | — |
| Skilled visa government fees | — | — |
| Official languages | Spanish | English, Swahili |
| Currency | Euro | Kenyan shilling |
| Primary regulator | CGAE | LSK |
| Policy changes (last 12 months) | 0 | 0 |
Skilled-route head-to-head
Comparing each country’s most-used skilled-migration route side by side.
Kingdom of Spain
Highly Qualified Professional (HQP) permit
- Salary minimum
- —
- Government fees
- —
- Processing time
- UGE-CE publishes a 20-working-day decision target under the Startup Law for in-country HQP applications. Consular applications typically run 4–8 weeks.
- Sponsor required
- Yes
- Leads to settlement
- Yes
Republic of Kenya
Class D Work Permit (Employment)
- Salary minimum
- —
- Government fees
- —
- Processing time
- —
- Sponsor required
- Yes
- Leads to settlement
- Yes
Routes unique to Kingdom of Spain
Routes unique to Republic of Kenya
Visa routes side by side
Kingdom of Spain (7)
Digital Nomad Visa (Spain)
No sponsor · To settlement · Initial 1-year consular visa, extendable to 3-year residence permit, then renewable for further 2 years; counts toward permanent residence after 5 years.
Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV)
No sponsor · To settlement · Initial 1 year; renewable for 2-year periods; leads to permanent residence after 5 years.
Highly Qualified Professional (HQP) permit
Sponsor · To settlement · 3 years; renewable for 2 years; leads to permanent residence after 5.
Entrepreneur Visa (Ley 14/2013)
No sponsor · To settlement · Initial 3 years; renewable.
Spain Golden Visa (ending April 2025)
No sponsor · To settlement · Closed to new property-based applications from 3 April 2025.
Spanish Student Visa
Sponsor · Non-settlement · Programme length; annual renewal.
Family reunification (Spain)
No sponsor · To settlement · Matches sponsor; leads to settlement.
Republic of Kenya (8)
Class D Work Permit (Employment)
Sponsor · To settlement · Issued and renewable in line with the employment; counts toward the residence record for permanent residence.
Class G Work Permit (Trade, Business or Consultancy)
No sponsor · To settlement · Issued and renewable in line with the business; counts toward the residence record for permanent residence.
Class K Permit (Ordinary Residents)
No sponsor · To settlement · Issued and renewable subject to continued assured income; counts toward the residence record for permanent residence.
Class A Work Permit (Prospecting and Mining)
No sponsor · To settlement · Issued and renewable in line with the licensed activity; counts toward the residence record for permanent residence.
Special Pass
No sponsor · Non-settlement · Up to 6 months maximum; not a settlement route.
Dependant's Pass
Sponsor · Non-settlement · Aligned to the sponsor status; renewable while the relationship and sponsor status continue.
Student's Pass
Sponsor · Non-settlement · Aligned to the course of study; renewable while enrolled.
Permanent Residence
No sponsor · To settlement · Permanent on grant, subject to the conditions of the Act.
Frequently asked questions
Which country has an easier skilled-migration route, Kingdom of Spain or Republic of Kenya?+
Kingdom of Spain’s Highly Qualified Professional (HQP) permit is the dominant skilled route; Republic of Kenya’s Class D Work Permit (Employment) is the dominant skilled route. “Easier” depends on your salary, sponsor situation, and nationality — see each visa’s eligibility detail.