Digital nomad visa comparison 2026 — remote-work residence routes
Digital nomad visas are a post-2020 visa class. Most require income from non-destination sources, typically 2× to 4× the local minimum wage. Some (Portugal D8, Spain DNV, UAE Virtual Working) are mature routes; others (Croatia, Estonia, Georgia) are in scope beyond the V1 destination set.
| Destination | Route | Income threshold | Leads to PR? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Portuguese Republic | D8 visa (digital nomad / remote work) | Visa application approximately €90; residence permit around €170. | Yes |
| Kingdom of Spain | Digital Nomad Visa (Spain) | Visa application fee varies by consulate; residence permit and TIE fees additional. | Yes |
| United Arab Emirates | UAE Virtual Working Programme | Programme fee around USD 611 plus medical and Emirates ID. | No |
Every row links to a visa page where the underlying primary source and last-reviewed date are shown.