Original research - 1 July 2026
Skilled Migration Accessibility Index 2026
A 2026 planning-accessibility index scoring tracked skilled migration routes by cost, funds, salary floor, processing-clock transparency, sponsor requirement, settlement path and source freshness.
The score measures planning friction in tracked data, not whether a route is the right route for a person. It is not legal advice and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.
By Sam Parks, Editor and lead researcher.
30
Scored routes
67/100
Average score
11
No sponsor required
24
Settlement-path routes
Key findings
- 3 tracked routes score as more accessible planning profiles, combining lower applicant cost, lower salary or funds exposure, sponsor flexibility and stronger clock transparency.
- 20 routes have a route-specific salary or income threshold mapped into the score, while 28 routes connect to the processing-time reliability index.
- The median tracked route has about $2,146 in mandatory non-refundable cost after approximate USD normalisation.
- Every row links back to the source datasets for cost-to-complete, processing reliability, salary thresholds and visa route metadata.
Lowest-friction planning profiles
Germany: Chancenkarte (Germany Opportunity Card)
$628-$1,270 sunk cost; no headline salary floor
89/100
More accessible planning profile
Canada: Express Entry — Canadian Experience Class (CEC)
$1,458-$2,111 sunk cost; no mapped salary floor
83/100
More accessible planning profile
Portugal: D8 visa (digital nomad / remote work)
$479-$1,185 sunk cost; €44,160
81/100
More accessible planning profile
United Kingdom: Health and Care Worker visa
$428-$587 sunk cost; £25,000
79/100
Balanced planning profile
Canada: Express Entry — Federal Skilled Worker (FSW)
$1,598-$2,146 sunk cost; no mapped salary floor
78/100
Balanced planning profile
Highest-friction planning profiles
Singapore: S Pass
$12,669-$14,059 sunk cost; no mapped salary floor
32/100
High-friction planning profile
United States: H-1B Specialty Occupation
$3,595 sunk cost; us$62,000
34/100
High-friction planning profile
Australia: Employer Nomination Scheme (subclass 186)
$7,229-$8,988 sunk cost; a$79,423
47/100
High-friction planning profile
France: Talent Passport — Salaried Employee (Passeport Talent Salarié)
$408-$553 sunk cost; €39,582
51/100
Complex planning profile
Australia: Skills in Demand visa (subclass 482)
$7,149-$9,184 sunk cost; a$79,423
53/100
Complex planning profile
Methodology
A source-linked 2026 index scoring tracked skilled and skilled-adjacent migration routes by planning accessibility: sunk cost, proof-of-funds exposure, salary floor, processing-clock transparency, sponsor requirement, settlement path and source freshness.
| Component | Max | What it rewards |
|---|---|---|
| sunkCost | 20 | Lower mandatory non-refundable applicant cost scores higher, using approximate USD only for cross-currency ordering. |
| refundableFunds | 15 | Lower proof-of-funds, blocked-account or settlement-funds exposure scores higher; no tracked refundable requirement receives full points. |
| salaryFloor | 15 | Lower route-specific salary or income floors score higher. Routes with no tracked floor receive high credit; missing salary mapping receives partial credit. |
| processingReliability | 20 | Uses one fifth of the processing-time planning reliability score, rewarding more transparent official decision clocks. |
| sponsorFlexibility | 15 | Unsponsored routes score higher because applicants can plan without first obtaining a licensed employer or sponsor. |
| settlementPath | 10 | Routes that can lead to settlement or permanent residence score higher for long-term planning accessibility. |
| sourceFreshness | 5 | Rows whose oldest underlying source review is within 45 days of the index version receive full data-confidence credit. |
Full index
Scores are sorted from lower-friction planning profiles to higher-friction profiles. Approximate USD values are for cross-currency ordering only; local-currency source pages remain authoritative.
| Route | Score | Cost exposure | Salary and processing | Sponsor and settlement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany: Chancenkarte (Germany Opportunity Card)Cost model | 89More accessible planning profile | Sunk: $628-$1,270Local: €551-€1,115Funds: $14,917 | No headline salary floorSalary thresholds4 weeks – 3 months | No sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 22 June 2026 |
| Canada: Express Entry — Canadian Experience Class (CEC)Cost model | 83More accessible planning profile | Sunk: $1,458-$2,111Local: CA$2,075-CA$3,005Funds: None tracked | No mapped salary floor5 months – 7 months | No sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 1 June 2026 |
| Portugal: D8 visa (digital nomad / remote work)Cost model | 81More accessible planning profile | Sunk: $479-$1,185Local: €420-€1,040Funds: $12,579 | €44,160Salary thresholds2 months – 4 months | No sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 1 June 2026 |
| United Kingdom: Health and Care Worker visaCost model | 79Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $428-$587Local: £324-£444Funds: $1,679 | £25,000Salary thresholds2 weeks – 3 weeks | Sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 30 May 2026 |
| Canada: Express Entry — Federal Skilled Worker (FSW)Cost model | 78Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $1,598-$2,146Local: CA$2,275-CA$3,055Funds: $10,722 | No mapped salary floor5 months – 8 months | No sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 1 June 2026 |
| Canada: Express Entry — Federal Skilled Trades (FST)Cost model | 78Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $1,458-$2,813Local: CA$2,075-CA$4,005Funds: $10,722 | No mapped salary floor5 months – 8 months | No sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 1 July 2026 |
| Germany: EU Blue Card (Germany)Cost model | 77Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $211-$404Local: €185-€355Funds: None tracked | €45,934Salary thresholds4 weeks – 3 months | Sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 22 June 2026 |
| Australia: Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189)Cost model | 75Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $5,166-$5,995Local: A$7,501-A$8,705Funds: None tracked | No mapped salary floor6 months – 12 months | No sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 1 June 2026 |
| United States: TN USMCA Professionals (Canada & Mexico)Cost model | 73Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $80Local: US$80Funds: None tracked | No mapped salary floor1 days – 4 weeks | Sponsor requiredNo settlement path trackedOldest source: 1 July 2026 |
| Austria: Red-White-Red Card (Rot-Weiß-Rot-Karte)Cost model | 73Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $260-$414Local: €228-€363Funds: None tracked | No headline salary floorSalary thresholdsNot centrally published | Sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 27 June 2026 |
| Spain: Digital Nomad Visa (Spain)Cost model | 73Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $737-$1,911Local: €647.02-€1,677.02Funds: $38,954 | €34,188Salary thresholds3 weeks – 6 weeks | No sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 22 June 2026 |
| Sweden: Work Permit (Arbetstillstånd)Cost model | 72Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $226-$329Local: SEK 2,200-SEK 3,200Funds: $42,484 | SEK 34,470Salary thresholds4 weeks – 3 months | Sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 27 June 2026 |
| Canada: Provincial Nominee Program (PNP)Cost model | 72Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $2,652-$3,200Local: CA$3,775-CA$4,555Funds: $10,722 | No mapped salary floor11 months – 18 months | No sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 1 June 2026 |
| Ireland: Critical Skills Employment PermitCost model | 71Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $1,481-$1,732Local: €1,300-€1,520Funds: None tracked | €40,904Salary thresholds3 weeks – 6 weeks | Sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 1 June 2026 |
| Australia: Skilled Nominated visa (subclass 190)Cost model | 71Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $5,169-$6,205Local: A$7,506-A$9,010Funds: None tracked | No mapped salary floor6 months – 12 months | No sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 1 June 2026 |
| Australia: Skilled Work Regional (Provisional) visa (subclass 491)Cost model | 71Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $5,169-$6,205Local: A$7,506-A$9,010Funds: None tracked | No mapped salary floor6 months – 12 months | No sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 1 June 2026 |
| Finland: Residence permit for a specialistCost model | 70Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $615-$746Local: €540-€655Funds: $4,486 | €3,937Salary thresholdsNo mapped processing clock | Sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 1 July 2026 |
| Norway: Skilled Worker Residence Permit (Oppholdstillatelse som faglaert)Cost model | 70Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $635-$836Local: NOK 6,300-NOK 8,300Funds: None tracked | No headline salary floorSalary thresholdsNot centrally published | Sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 27 June 2026 |
| United Kingdom: Skilled Worker visaCost model | 70Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $5,188-$5,347Local: £3,924-£4,044Funds: $1,679 | £33,400Salary thresholds2 weeks – 3 weeks | Sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 30 May 2026 |
| New Zealand: Accredited Employer Work Visa (AEWV)Cost model | 67Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $1,732-$2,447Local: NZ$3,060-NZ$4,325Funds: None tracked | No headline salary floorSalary thresholdsImmigration New Zealand lists Accredited Employer Work Visa worker applications at 80% within 7 weeks. | Sponsor requiredNo settlement path trackedOldest source: 1 July 2026 |
| Singapore: Employment Pass (EP)Cost model | 66Balanced planning profile | Sunk: $255Local: SGD 330Funds: $51,896-$57,457 | SGD 5,600Salary thresholds10 days – 2 weeks | Sponsor requiredNo settlement path trackedOldest source: 1 July 2026 |
| New Zealand: Skilled Migrant Category Resident VisaCost model | 64Complex planning profile | Sunk: $3,853-$5,050Local: NZ$6,810-NZ$8,925Funds: $41,194-$61,791 | NZ$35Salary thresholdsImmigration New Zealand's resident-visa wait times page currently reports 80% of Skilled Migrant Category applications completed within 4 months, with an 11-week average wait. | No sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 1 July 2026 |
| United States: O-1 Individuals with Extraordinary Ability or AchievementCost model | 62Complex planning profile | Sunk: $1,655-$2,155Local: US$1,655-US$2,155Funds: None tracked | No mapped salary floor2 months – 6 months | Sponsor requiredNo settlement path trackedOldest source: 1 June 2026 |
| Netherlands: Highly Skilled Migrant (Kennismigrant)Cost model | 55Complex planning profile | Sunk: $2,408-$3,313Local: €2,113-€2,908Funds: $42,686-$81,244 | €3,122Salary thresholds2 weeks – 3 months | Sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 1 June 2026 |
| Denmark: Pay Limit Scheme (Beloebsordningen)Cost model | 53Complex planning profile | Sunk: $1,038-$1,114Local: DKK 6,810-DKK 7,310Funds: $84,147 | DKK 552,000Salary thresholds4 weeks – 3 months | Sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 1 July 2026 |
| Australia: Skills in Demand visa (subclass 482)Cost model | 53Complex planning profile | Sunk: $7,149-$9,184Local: A$10,381-A$13,335Funds: $54,699 | A$79,423Salary thresholds2 weeks – 8 weeks | Sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 1 June 2026 |
| France: Talent Passport — Salaried Employee (Passeport Talent Salarié)Cost model | 51Complex planning profile | Sunk: $408-$553Local: €358-€485Funds: $45,100 | €39,582Salary thresholdsNot centrally published | Sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 27 June 2026 |
| Australia: Employer Nomination Scheme (subclass 186)Cost model | 47High-friction planning profile | Sunk: $7,229-$8,988Local: A$10,496-A$13,050Funds: $54,699 | A$79,423Salary thresholds6 months – 14 months | Sponsor requiredSettlement path trackedOldest source: 1 June 2026 |
| United States: H-1B Specialty OccupationCost model | 34High-friction planning profile | Sunk: $3,595Local: US$3,595Funds: $62,000-$150,000 | US$62,000Salary thresholds2 months – 8 months | Sponsor requiredNo settlement path trackedOldest source: 20 April 2026 |
| Singapore: S PassCost model | 32High-friction planning profile | Sunk: $12,669-$14,059Local: SGD 16,405-SGD 18,205Funds: $30,582-$35,215 | No mapped salary floorNo mapped processing clock | Sponsor requiredNo settlement path trackedOldest source: 1 July 2026 |
Limits
- This is a planning-accessibility index, not a route recommendation and not a prediction of individual outcome, eligibility, or deadline.
- The index covers tracked Visa Atlas cost-to-complete models, not every immigration route in each destination.
- A high score means lower planning friction in the tracked dimensions; applicants still need to meet the route rules and source documents.
Cite or reuse this dataset
This index is free to reuse under CC BY 4.0. Cite this report for the scoring methodology, the JSON endpoint for the derived rows, and the listed sources for the underlying route, cost, salary and processing records.
Suggested citation
Visa Atlas, "Visa Atlas skilled-migration planning accessibility index", https://visaatlas.org/research/skilled-migration-accessibility-index-2026. Last verified 1 July 2026.
Primary sources
- Make it in Germany — Opportunity Card (Federal Government info portal)
- Make it in Germany — Opportunity Card questions and answers (financial proof, work rules)
- Residence Act §20a/§20b with points annex — official consolidated law text
- Anabin — Database of recognised foreign qualifications
- Auswärtiges Amt — Online application portal