Original research - 2 July 2026
SERP and AI Answer-Surface Snapshot Protocol 2026
A public protocol for capturing SERP features, competitor source classes and AI answer citations by battlecard query while keeping raw snapshots and transcripts local until reviewed.
This report defines what to capture, how to classify competitor source classes, and how to summarise evidence. It does not publish current rankings, private screenshots or AI answer transcripts.
13
Protocols
10
High-priority clusters
2
Capture channels
22
Source datasets
Local evidence workflow
Raw SERP screenshots, AI answer transcripts, browser profiles, Search Console exports and manual reviewer notes stay local until separately reviewed and redacted. The local summarizer rejects undated rows, Google SERP rows without locale, device, sourceClass, rank and URL/domain evidence, and AI answer rows without engine, citation arrays, source-class arrays, answer freshness and stale-claim flags.
npm run seo:surface-snapshots -- snapshots.jsonl --jsonThe local summarizer rejects undated rows, Google SERP rows without locale, device, sourceClass, rank and URL/domain evidence, and AI answer rows without engine, citation arrays, source-class arrays, answerHasCurrentDate and stale-claim flags.
Snapshot protocols
- Experiment
high priority - google-serp + ai-answer
Germany EU Blue Card salary and recognition SERP and AI answer-surface snapshot
Query cluster
- Germany EU Blue Card minimum salary 2026
- EU Blue Card Germany shortage occupation salary
- Anabin ZAB Germany skilled worker visa
Target pages
Competitor pressure
government-sourcelaw-advisorybroad-aggregatorai-answerSource datasets
- /api/public/competitor-query-battlecards
- /api/public/battlecard-search-experiments
- /api/public/citation-benchmark
- /api/public/source-transparency-benchmark
- /api/public/visibility-metrics
- /api/public/salary-thresholds
- /api/public/cost-to-complete
- /api/public/visas
- /api/public/citation-packs
- /api/public/content-opportunities
- /api/public/answer-capsules
- /api/public/calculator-verdict-contexts
- /api/public/publisher-citation-kits
- /api/public/external-repository-mirrors
Google SERP fields
- capturedAt
- locale
- device
- query
- battlecardId
- resultType
- rank
- url
AI answer fields
- capturedAt
- engine
- query
- battlecardId
- citesVisaAtlas
- citedUrls
- competitorDomainsMentioned
- sourceClassesMentioned
Market-share signals
- Visa Atlas appears in top organic results, SERP features or cited AI answer URLs for the battlecard query.
- Competing source classes are recorded consistently: government source, law/advisory, single-country media, broad aggregator, HR platform, forum/community or AI answer.
- Answer surfaces show current dates, source-backed figures and no stale high-risk claim from the citation benchmark.
- Experiment
high priority - google-serp + ai-answer
Germany Chancenkarte points, proof of funds and cost SERP and AI answer-surface snapshot
Query cluster
- Germany Chancenkarte points calculator 2026
- Germany Opportunity Card blocked account amount
- Germany Chancenkarte cost proof of funds
Target pages
Competitor pressure
government-sourcelaw-advisorybroad-aggregatorai-answerSource datasets
- /api/public/competitor-query-battlecards
- /api/public/battlecard-search-experiments
- /api/public/citation-benchmark
- /api/public/source-transparency-benchmark
- /api/public/visibility-metrics
- /api/public/visas
- /api/public/cost-to-complete
- /api/public/content-opportunities
- /api/public/answer-capsules
- /api/public/citation-packs
- /api/public/calculator-verdict-contexts
- /api/public/publisher-citation-kits
- /api/public/external-repository-mirrors
Google SERP fields
- capturedAt
- locale
- device
- query
- battlecardId
- resultType
- rank
- url
AI answer fields
- capturedAt
- engine
- query
- battlecardId
- citesVisaAtlas
- citedUrls
- competitorDomainsMentioned
- sourceClassesMentioned
Market-share signals
- Visa Atlas appears in top organic results, SERP features or cited AI answer URLs for the battlecard query.
- Competing source classes are recorded consistently: government source, law/advisory, single-country media, broad aggregator, HR platform, forum/community or AI answer.
- Answer surfaces show current dates, source-backed figures and no stale high-risk claim from the citation benchmark.
- Experiment
high priority - google-serp + ai-answer
UK Skilled Worker cost, IHS and salary floors SERP and AI answer-surface snapshot
Query cluster
- UK Skilled Worker visa cost including IHS
- UK Skilled Worker minimum salary 2026
- Health and Care Worker IHS exemption
Target pages
Competitor pressure
government-sourcelaw-advisorybroad-aggregatorai-answerSource datasets
- /api/public/competitor-query-battlecards
- /api/public/battlecard-search-experiments
- /api/public/citation-benchmark
- /api/public/source-transparency-benchmark
- /api/public/visibility-metrics
- /api/public/salary-thresholds
- /api/public/policy-claims
- /api/public/cost-to-complete
- /api/public/fees
- /api/public/visas
- /api/public/content-opportunities
- /api/public/answer-capsules
- /api/public/citation-packs
- /api/public/calculator-verdict-contexts
- /api/public/publisher-citation-kits
- /api/public/external-repository-mirrors
Google SERP fields
- capturedAt
- locale
- device
- query
- battlecardId
- resultType
- rank
- url
AI answer fields
- capturedAt
- engine
- query
- battlecardId
- citesVisaAtlas
- citedUrls
- competitorDomainsMentioned
- sourceClassesMentioned
Market-share signals
- Visa Atlas appears in top organic results, SERP features or cited AI answer URLs for the battlecard query.
- Competing source classes are recorded consistently: government source, law/advisory, single-country media, broad aggregator, HR platform, forum/community or AI answer.
- Answer surfaces show current dates, source-backed figures and no stale high-risk claim from the citation benchmark.
- Experiment
medium priority - google-serp + ai-answer
UK Global Talent eligibility, endorsement and settlement SERP and AI answer-surface snapshot
Query cluster
- UK Global Talent visa eligibility
- Global Talent endorsement UK tech arts research
- UK Global Talent visa settlement 3 years
Competitor pressure
government-sourcelaw-advisorybroad-aggregatorai-answerSource datasets
- /api/public/competitor-query-battlecards
- /api/public/battlecard-search-experiments
- /api/public/citation-benchmark
- /api/public/source-transparency-benchmark
- /api/public/visibility-metrics
- /api/public/visas
- /api/public/processing-times
- /api/public/content-opportunities
- /api/public/answer-capsules
- /api/public/citation-packs
- /api/public/calculator-verdict-contexts
- /api/public/publisher-citation-kits
- /api/public/external-repository-mirrors
Google SERP fields
- capturedAt
- locale
- device
- query
- battlecardId
- resultType
- rank
- url
AI answer fields
- capturedAt
- engine
- query
- battlecardId
- citesVisaAtlas
- citedUrls
- competitorDomainsMentioned
- sourceClassesMentioned
Market-share signals
- Visa Atlas appears in top organic results, SERP features or cited AI answer URLs for the battlecard query.
- Competing source classes are recorded consistently: government source, law/advisory, single-country media, broad aggregator, HR platform, forum/community or AI answer.
- Answer surfaces show current dates, source-backed figures and no stale high-risk claim from the citation benchmark.
- Experiment
high priority - google-serp + ai-answer
Ireland Critical Skills salary, cost and Stamp 4 path SERP and AI answer-surface snapshot
Query cluster
- Ireland Critical Skills salary threshold 2026
- Critical Skills Employment Permit cost Ireland
- Ireland Critical Skills Stamp 4 timeline
Target pages
Competitor pressure
government-sourcelaw-advisorybroad-aggregatorai-answerSource datasets
- /api/public/competitor-query-battlecards
- /api/public/battlecard-search-experiments
- /api/public/citation-benchmark
- /api/public/source-transparency-benchmark
- /api/public/visibility-metrics
- /api/public/salary-thresholds
- /api/public/cost-to-complete
- /api/public/visas
- /api/public/content-opportunities
- /api/public/answer-capsules
- /api/public/citation-packs
- /api/public/calculator-verdict-contexts
- /api/public/publisher-citation-kits
- /api/public/external-repository-mirrors
Google SERP fields
- capturedAt
- locale
- device
- query
- battlecardId
- resultType
- rank
- url
AI answer fields
- capturedAt
- engine
- query
- battlecardId
- citesVisaAtlas
- citedUrls
- competitorDomainsMentioned
- sourceClassesMentioned
Market-share signals
- Visa Atlas appears in top organic results, SERP features or cited AI answer URLs for the battlecard query.
- Competing source classes are recorded consistently: government source, law/advisory, single-country media, broad aggregator, HR platform, forum/community or AI answer.
- Answer surfaces show current dates, source-backed figures and no stale high-risk claim from the citation benchmark.
- Experiment
high priority - google-serp + ai-answer
Canada Express Entry latest draw and category freshness SERP and AI answer-surface snapshot
Query cluster
- latest Express Entry draw CRS cutoff
- Express Entry category based draws 2026
- how many CRS points do I need
Target pages
Competitor pressure
government-sourcesingle-country-mediaforum-communityai-answerSource datasets
- /api/public/competitor-query-battlecards
- /api/public/battlecard-search-experiments
- /api/public/citation-benchmark
- /api/public/source-transparency-benchmark
- /api/public/visibility-metrics
- /api/public/express-entry-draws
- /api/public/citation-packs
- /api/public/express-entry-categories
- /api/public/visas
- /api/public/content-opportunities
- /api/public/answer-capsules
- /api/public/calculator-verdict-contexts
- /api/public/publisher-citation-kits
- /api/public/external-repository-mirrors
Google SERP fields
- capturedAt
- locale
- device
- query
- battlecardId
- resultType
- rank
- url
AI answer fields
- capturedAt
- engine
- query
- battlecardId
- citesVisaAtlas
- citedUrls
- competitorDomainsMentioned
- sourceClassesMentioned
Market-share signals
- Visa Atlas appears in top organic results, SERP features or cited AI answer URLs for the battlecard query.
- Competing source classes are recorded consistently: government source, law/advisory, single-country media, broad aggregator, HR platform, forum/community or AI answer.
- Answer surfaces show current dates, source-backed figures and no stale high-risk claim from the citation benchmark.
- Experiment
high priority - google-serp + ai-answer
Canada FSW, CEC and PNP cost and proof-of-funds SERP and AI answer-surface snapshot
Query cluster
- Canada Express Entry FSW proof of funds cost
- CEC vs FSW proof of funds
- Canada PNP application cost
Target pages
Competitor pressure
government-sourcesingle-country-medialaw-advisoryai-answerSource datasets
- /api/public/competitor-query-battlecards
- /api/public/battlecard-search-experiments
- /api/public/citation-benchmark
- /api/public/source-transparency-benchmark
- /api/public/visibility-metrics
- /api/public/cost-to-complete
- /api/public/fees
- /api/public/visas
- /api/public/content-opportunities
- /api/public/answer-capsules
- /api/public/citation-packs
- /api/public/calculator-verdict-contexts
- /api/public/publisher-citation-kits
- /api/public/external-repository-mirrors
Google SERP fields
- capturedAt
- locale
- device
- query
- battlecardId
- resultType
- rank
- url
AI answer fields
- capturedAt
- engine
- query
- battlecardId
- citesVisaAtlas
- citedUrls
- competitorDomainsMentioned
- sourceClassesMentioned
Market-share signals
- Visa Atlas appears in top organic results, SERP features or cited AI answer URLs for the battlecard query.
- Competing source classes are recorded consistently: government source, law/advisory, single-country media, broad aggregator, HR platform, forum/community or AI answer.
- Answer surfaces show current dates, source-backed figures and no stale high-risk claim from the citation benchmark.
- Experiment
high priority - google-serp + ai-answer
Immigration rule-change and source-freshness control SERP and AI answer-surface snapshot
Query cluster
- major immigration rule changes 2026 skilled migrants
- immigration source freshness visa data
- visa rule changes current source dates
Competitor pressure
government-sourcelaw-advisorysingle-country-mediaai-answerSource datasets
- /api/public/competitor-query-battlecards
- /api/public/battlecard-search-experiments
- /api/public/citation-benchmark
- /api/public/source-transparency-benchmark
- /api/public/visibility-metrics
- /api/public/policy-updates
- /api/public/fact-changes
- /api/public/policy-claims
- /api/public/freshness
- /api/public/content-opportunities
- /api/public/answer-capsules
- /api/public/citation-packs
- /api/public/calculator-verdict-contexts
- /api/public/publisher-citation-kits
- /api/public/external-repository-mirrors
Google SERP fields
- capturedAt
- locale
- device
- query
- battlecardId
- resultType
- rank
- url
AI answer fields
- capturedAt
- engine
- query
- battlecardId
- citesVisaAtlas
- citedUrls
- competitorDomainsMentioned
- sourceClassesMentioned
Market-share signals
- Visa Atlas appears in top organic results, SERP features or cited AI answer URLs for the battlecard query.
- Competing source classes are recorded consistently: government source, law/advisory, single-country media, broad aggregator, HR platform, forum/community or AI answer.
- Answer surfaces show current dates, source-backed figures and no stale high-risk claim from the citation benchmark.
- Experiment
high priority - google-serp + ai-answer
Points-tested and sponsored skilled route costs SERP and AI answer-surface snapshot
Query cluster
- Australia subclass 189 points test
- Australia Skills in Demand visa cost 2026
- Australia 190 vs 491 skilled visa difference
- Singapore S Pass levy medical insurance cost
- New Zealand Accredited Employer Work Visa cost
- Austria Red-White-Red Card points cost
Target pages
- /calculators/australia-189
- /cost-to-complete/australia-189-skilled-independent
- /visas/australia/subclass-189-skilled-independent
- /cost-to-complete/australia-subclass-482-skills-in-demand
- /fees/australia/subclass-482-tss
- /salary-thresholds/australia
- /cost-to-complete/australia-subclass-186-employer-nomination-scheme
- /fees/australia/subclass-186-ens
- /cost-to-complete/australia-190-skilled-nominated
- /cost-to-complete/australia-491-skilled-work-regional-provisional
- /cost-to-complete/singapore-s-pass
- /fees/singapore/s-pass
- /visas/singapore/s-pass
- /cost-to-complete/new-zealand-accredited-employer-work-visa
- /fees/new-zealand/accredited-employer-work-visa
- /visas/new-zealand/accredited-employer-work-visa
- /cost-to-complete/new-zealand-skilled-migrant-category
- /visas/new-zealand/skilled-migrant-category
- /salary-thresholds/new-zealand
- /calculators/austria-rwr
- /cost-to-complete/austria-red-white-red-card
- /visas/austria/red-white-red-card
- /fees/austria/red-white-red-card
- /salary-thresholds/austria
Competitor pressure
government-sourcelaw-advisorybroad-aggregatorai-answerSource datasets
- /api/public/competitor-query-battlecards
- /api/public/battlecard-search-experiments
- /api/public/citation-benchmark
- /api/public/source-transparency-benchmark
- /api/public/visibility-metrics
- /api/public/visas
- /api/public/cost-to-complete
- /api/public/fees
- /api/public/salary-thresholds
- /api/public/content-opportunities
- /api/public/answer-capsules
- /api/public/citation-packs
- /api/public/calculator-verdict-contexts
- /api/public/publisher-citation-kits
- /api/public/external-repository-mirrors
Google SERP fields
- capturedAt
- locale
- device
- query
- battlecardId
- resultType
- rank
- url
AI answer fields
- capturedAt
- engine
- query
- battlecardId
- citesVisaAtlas
- citedUrls
- competitorDomainsMentioned
- sourceClassesMentioned
Market-share signals
- Visa Atlas appears in top organic results, SERP features or cited AI answer URLs for the battlecard query.
- Competing source classes are recorded consistently: government source, law/advisory, single-country media, broad aggregator, HR platform, forum/community or AI answer.
- Answer surfaces show current dates, source-backed figures and no stale high-risk claim from the citation benchmark.
- Experiment
high priority - google-serp + ai-answer
Global cheapest, fastest and no-sponsor skilled migration rankings SERP and AI answer-surface snapshot
Query cluster
- cheapest skilled work visas
- skilled migration processing times 2026
- fastest countries for permanent residence
- work visas without employer sponsor
Target pages
- /research/skilled-migration-cost-index-2026
- /figures
- /rankings/cheapest-work-visas
- /research/how-long-skilled-migration-takes-2026
- /processing-times
- /rankings/fastest-to-settlement
- /settlement
- /calculators/germany-settlement
- /rankings/no-sponsor-needed
- /best/best-work-visas-no-sponsor
- /visas/category/work-unsponsored
Competitor pressure
broad-aggregatorlaw-advisoryai-answerSource datasets
- /api/public/competitor-query-battlecards
- /api/public/battlecard-search-experiments
- /api/public/citation-benchmark
- /api/public/source-transparency-benchmark
- /api/public/visibility-metrics
- /api/public/cost-to-complete
- /api/public/citation-packs
- /api/public/processing-times
- /api/public/freshness
- /api/public/visas
- /api/public/content-opportunities
- /api/public/answer-capsules
- /api/public/calculator-verdict-contexts
- /api/public/publisher-citation-kits
- /api/public/external-repository-mirrors
Google SERP fields
- capturedAt
- locale
- device
- query
- battlecardId
- resultType
- rank
- url
AI answer fields
- capturedAt
- engine
- query
- battlecardId
- citesVisaAtlas
- citedUrls
- competitorDomainsMentioned
- sourceClassesMentioned
Market-share signals
- Visa Atlas appears in top organic results, SERP features or cited AI answer URLs for the battlecard query.
- Competing source classes are recorded consistently: government source, law/advisory, single-country media, broad aggregator, HR platform, forum/community or AI answer.
- Answer surfaces show current dates, source-backed figures and no stale high-risk claim from the citation benchmark.
- Experiment
medium priority - google-serp + ai-answer
Cross-country skilled salary floor comparisons SERP and AI answer-surface snapshot
Query cluster
- highest skilled migration salary floors 2026
- Singapore Employment Pass salary
- Netherlands highly skilled migrant salary 2026
- Netherlands highly skilled migrant cost 2026
- France Talent Passport salary requirement 2026
- Norway skilled worker salary requirement
- Finland specialist permit salary threshold
Target pages
- /research/skilled-migration-salary-floors-2026
- /salary-thresholds
- /figures
- /salary-thresholds/singapore
- /cost-to-complete/singapore-employment-pass
- /visas/singapore/employment-pass
- /salary-thresholds/netherlands
- /cost-to-complete/netherlands-highly-skilled-migrant
- /visas/netherlands/highly-skilled-migrant
- /salary-thresholds/denmark
- /cost-to-complete/denmark-pay-limit-scheme
- /visas/denmark/pay-limit-scheme
- /salary-thresholds/sweden
- /cost-to-complete/sweden-work-permit
- /visas/sweden/work-permit-sweden
- /salary-thresholds/france
- /cost-to-complete/france-talent-passport-salaried
- /visas/france/talent-passport-salaried
- /salary-thresholds/norway
- /cost-to-complete/norway-skilled-worker-permit
- /visas/norway/skilled-worker-permit
- /salary-thresholds/finland
- /cost-to-complete/finland-residence-permit-specialist
- /visas/finland/residence-permit-specialist
Competitor pressure
government-sourcehr-platformbroad-aggregatorai-answerSource datasets
- /api/public/competitor-query-battlecards
- /api/public/battlecard-search-experiments
- /api/public/citation-benchmark
- /api/public/source-transparency-benchmark
- /api/public/visibility-metrics
- /api/public/salary-thresholds
- /api/public/freshness
- /api/public/cost-to-complete
- /api/public/content-opportunities
- /api/public/answer-capsules
- /api/public/citation-packs
- /api/public/calculator-verdict-contexts
- /api/public/publisher-citation-kits
- /api/public/external-repository-mirrors
Google SERP fields
- capturedAt
- locale
- device
- query
- battlecardId
- resultType
- rank
- url
AI answer fields
- capturedAt
- engine
- query
- battlecardId
- citesVisaAtlas
- citedUrls
- competitorDomainsMentioned
- sourceClassesMentioned
Market-share signals
- Visa Atlas appears in top organic results, SERP features or cited AI answer URLs for the battlecard query.
- Competing source classes are recorded consistently: government source, law/advisory, single-country media, broad aggregator, HR platform, forum/community or AI answer.
- Answer surfaces show current dates, source-backed figures and no stale high-risk claim from the citation benchmark.
- Experiment
medium priority - google-serp + ai-answer
Europe digital nomad route costs and income evidence SERP and AI answer-surface snapshot
Query cluster
- best European digital nomad visas 2026
- Portugal D8 visa cost income requirement
- Spain digital nomad visa cost income requirement
Target pages
Competitor pressure
broad-aggregatorlaw-advisoryhr-platformai-answerSource datasets
- /api/public/competitor-query-battlecards
- /api/public/battlecard-search-experiments
- /api/public/citation-benchmark
- /api/public/source-transparency-benchmark
- /api/public/visibility-metrics
- /api/public/visas
- /api/public/cost-to-complete
- /api/public/content-opportunities
- /api/public/answer-capsules
- /api/public/citation-packs
- /api/public/calculator-verdict-contexts
- /api/public/publisher-citation-kits
- /api/public/external-repository-mirrors
Google SERP fields
- capturedAt
- locale
- device
- query
- battlecardId
- resultType
- rank
- url
AI answer fields
- capturedAt
- engine
- query
- battlecardId
- citesVisaAtlas
- citedUrls
- competitorDomainsMentioned
- sourceClassesMentioned
Market-share signals
- Visa Atlas appears in top organic results, SERP features or cited AI answer URLs for the battlecard query.
- Competing source classes are recorded consistently: government source, law/advisory, single-country media, broad aggregator, HR platform, forum/community or AI answer.
- Answer surfaces show current dates, source-backed figures and no stale high-risk claim from the citation benchmark.
- Experiment
high priority - google-serp + ai-answer
US H-1B, O-1 and TN petition costs SERP and AI answer-surface snapshot
Query cluster
- H-1B petition cost 2026 USCIS fees
- O-1 visa premium processing cost
- TN visa cost Canadian Mexican professionals
Target pages
Competitor pressure
government-sourcelaw-advisoryforum-communityai-answerSource datasets
- /api/public/competitor-query-battlecards
- /api/public/battlecard-search-experiments
- /api/public/citation-benchmark
- /api/public/source-transparency-benchmark
- /api/public/visibility-metrics
- /api/public/cost-to-complete
- /api/public/fees
- /api/public/content-opportunities
- /api/public/answer-capsules
- /api/public/citation-packs
- /api/public/calculator-verdict-contexts
- /api/public/publisher-citation-kits
- /api/public/external-repository-mirrors
Google SERP fields
- capturedAt
- locale
- device
- query
- battlecardId
- resultType
- rank
- url
AI answer fields
- capturedAt
- engine
- query
- battlecardId
- citesVisaAtlas
- citedUrls
- competitorDomainsMentioned
- sourceClassesMentioned
Market-share signals
- Visa Atlas appears in top organic results, SERP features or cited AI answer URLs for the battlecard query.
- Competing source classes are recorded consistently: government source, law/advisory, single-country media, broad aggregator, HR platform, forum/community or AI answer.
- Answer surfaces show current dates, source-backed figures and no stale high-risk claim from the citation benchmark.
Methodology and limits
Protocol rows are derived from competitor query battlecards, battlecard search experiments, citation benchmark prompts and the public visibility measurement contract.
- This endpoint publishes capture protocol, not live SERP rankings, current AI answer text or private analytics.
- Snapshot summaries must be dated, reproducible and separated by channel, query, locale and device before being used as market-share evidence.
- The protocol is not a guarantee of rankings, traffic, citations, CTR or market share.
Cite or reuse this dataset
This snapshot protocol is free to reuse under CC BY 4.0. Cite the JSON endpoint for machine-readable capture rules and the report page for methodology and redaction limits.
Suggested citation
Visa Atlas, "Visa Atlas SERP and AI answer-surface snapshot protocol", https://visaatlas.org/research/serp-answer-surface-snapshots-2026. Last verified 2 July 2026.
Primary sources (22)
- /api/public/competitor-query-battlecards
- /api/public/battlecard-search-experiments
- /api/public/citation-benchmark
- /api/public/source-transparency-benchmark
- /api/public/visibility-metrics
- /api/public/salary-thresholds
- /api/public/cost-to-complete
- /api/public/visas
- /api/public/citation-packs
- /api/public/content-opportunities
- /api/public/answer-capsules
- /api/public/calculator-verdict-contexts
- /api/public/publisher-citation-kits
- /api/public/external-repository-mirrors
- /api/public/policy-claims
- /api/public/fees
- /api/public/processing-times
- /api/public/express-entry-draws
- /api/public/express-entry-categories
- /api/public/policy-updates
- /api/public/fact-changes
- /api/public/freshness