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© 2026 Visa AtlasReviewed continuously. Last sweep: 23 July 2026
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  3. Routes that lead to permanent residence

Routes that lead to permanent residence — settlement pathways compared

The "typical duration" column below is the validity descriptor of each visa, not a computed settlement timeline — qualifying-residence periods, physical-presence rules, absence limits, and good-character tests are set per route and detailed on each route page. Routes are listed alphabetically.

Global skilled-route ranking evidence

Cheapest, fastest, settlement and no-sponsor skilled-route methodology

Use this evidence layer to read route rankings as methodology-backed comparisons, not universal recommendations.

No universal best route

A low mandatory sunk cost, a fast published decision window, a direct settlement path and no employer sponsor are different dimensions. This cluster keeps them separate so search engines, AI retrievers and reviewers can cite the methodology without turning one metric into a recommendation.

Lowest tracked sunk cost

  1. United States of America - TN USMCA Professionals (Canada & Mexico)US$80; proof-of-funds stays separate.
  2. Republic of Singapore - Employment Pass (EP)SGD 330; proof-of-funds stays separate.
  3. Kingdom of Sweden - Work Permit (Arbetstillstånd)SEK 2,200-SEK 3,200; proof-of-funds stays separate.

Fastest published decision clocks

  1. Republic of Singapore - Employment Pass (EP)10 days – 2 weeks; settlement is separate.
  2. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - Skilled Worker visa3 weeks; settlement is separate.
  3. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - Health and Care Worker visa3 weeks; settlement is separate.

No-sponsor access

  1. Canada - Express Entry — Canadian Experience Class (CEC)No employer sponsor required; check points, funds or endorsement gates.
  2. Canada - Express Entry — Federal Skilled Worker (FSW)No employer sponsor required; check points, funds or endorsement gates.
  3. Canada - Express Entry — Federal Skilled Trades (FST)No employer sponsor required; check points, funds or endorsement gates.
Route cardSponsor flagDecision clockSettlement signalSunk costCaveat
United States of America - TN USMCA Professionals (Canada & Mexico)Sponsor or job offer required1 days – 4 weeksNo direct PR routeUS$80$80 order onlyNo tracked refundable proof-of-funds line in this cost model.
Republic of Singapore - Employment Pass (EP)Sponsor or job offer required10 days – 2 weeksNo direct PR routeSGD 330$255 order onlyProof of funds stays separate at SGD 67,200-SGD 74,400.
Kingdom of Sweden - Work Permit (Arbetstillstånd)Sponsor or job offer required4 weeks – 3 monthsSettlement path trackedSEK 2,200-SEK 3,200$226-$329 order onlyProof of funds stays separate at SEK 413,640.
Federal Republic of Germany - EU Blue Card (Germany)Sponsor or job offer required4 weeks – 3 monthsSettlement path tracked€185-€355$211-$404 order onlyNo tracked refundable proof-of-funds line in this cost model.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - Skilled Worker visaSponsor or job offer required3 weeksSettlement path tracked£3,924-£4,044$5,188-$5,347 order onlyProof of funds stays separate at £1,270.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - Health and Care Worker visaSponsor or job offer required3 weeksSettlement path tracked£324-£444$428-$587 order onlyProof of funds stays separate at £1,270.
Canada - Express Entry — Canadian Experience Class (CEC)No employer sponsor required5 months – 7 monthsSettlement path trackedCA$2,075-CA$3,005$1,458-$2,111 order onlyNo tracked refundable proof-of-funds line in this cost model.
Canada - Express Entry — Federal Skilled Worker (FSW)No employer sponsor required5 months – 8 monthsSettlement path trackedCA$2,275-CA$3,055$1,598-$2,146 order onlyProof of funds stays separate at CA$15,263.
Canada - Express Entry — Federal Skilled Trades (FST)No employer sponsor required5 months – 8 monthsSettlement path trackedCA$2,075-CA$4,005$1,458-$2,813 order onlyProof of funds stays separate at CA$15,263.
  • Cheapest work-visa ranking
  • No-sponsor route ranking
  • No-sponsor guide
  • Processing-time dataset
  • Settlement dataset
  • Computed figures
  • Unsponsored work routes
  • Cost-to-complete JSON
  • Processing-times JSON
  • Route-record JSON
  • How our route rankings are sourced

Source dates: cost, processing, settlement and route records checked through 21 July 2026. FX normalisation reviewed 30 June 2026 and used only for ordering. This cluster supports retrieval and review, not ranking, traffic, AI-citation or market-share outcome claims.

What does Routes that lead to permanent residence — settlement pathways compared compare?

Every route we track that can lead to permanent residence or settled status, with its typical visa duration. The page compares 495 routes using Typical duration and Route; each row links to a primary-source route guide.

Verified against Bureau of Immigration (Philippines) on 1 June 2026.

DestinationRouteTypical durationRoute
Republic of the Philippines13(A) Non-Quota Immigrant Visa by MarriageProbationary for the first year, then permanent on conversion once the marriage is confirmed subsisting.family
New ZealandActive Investor Plus VisaResident visa; permanent residence after meeting conditions over 3 years (Growth) or 5 years (Balanced).investor
State of IsraelAliyah - Immigration under the Law of ReturnLeads to Israeli citizenship; an A/1 temporary residence visa for eligible persons is issued for a multi-year period as an alternative pathway. Verify on the official page.citizenship-by-descent
Antigua and BarbudaAntigua and Barbuda CBI - Approved Real EstateFull citizenship; the qualifying property must be held for a minimum period before it can be resold under the programme.citizenship-by-investment
Antigua and BarbudaAntigua and Barbuda CBI - Business InvestmentFull citizenship once the qualifying business investment is made and the application is approved; the early-years physical-presence step applies.citizenship-by-investment
Antigua and BarbudaAntigua and Barbuda CBI - National Development FundFull citizenship once the contribution is made and the application is approved; a short physical-presence step applies in the early years (see FAQ).citizenship-by-investment
Antigua and BarbudaAntigua and Barbuda CBI - University of the West Indies FundFull citizenship once the contribution is made and the application is approved; the early-years physical-presence step applies.citizenship-by-investment
Republic of San MarinoAtypical Residence under Facilitated Tax RegimeLong-term residence route; after 10 years, holders are entitled to registered residence and related rights.residence-general
Swiss ConfederationB Permit — Third-Country National (Aufenthaltsbewilligung)Up to 1 year; renewable annually.work-sponsored
Commonwealth of The BahamasBahamas Economic Permanent ResidencePermanent residence once granted, conditional on maintaining the qualifying investment for the required period; confirm current conditions on the official page.residence-general
BarbadosBarbados Immigrant StatusA long-term, settled status once granted; subject to the conditions the Immigration Department attaches. Confirm current validity and conditions on the official page.residence-general
Virgin Islands (British Overseas Territory)Belonger StatusThe reviewed page lists 6-8 months, but applicants should reconfirm because the service is under review.citizenship-by-descent
Czech RepublicBlue CardValid up to 3 months longer than the work contract, with a maximum listed by Czech rules.skilled-migration
JapanBusiness Manager Visa (経営・管理)1 year initially; renewable for 1, 3, or 5 years.entrepreneur
Republic of South AfricaBusiness VisaIssued for the period of the business activity, subject to conditions.investor
Swiss ConfederationC Permit — Settlement (Niederlassungsbewilligung)Indefinite — valid as long as you remain resident in Switzerland.residence-general
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of ChinaCapital Investment Entrant Scheme (CIES)Initial stay granted under the scheme, renewable while the investment and asset requirements continue to be met.investor
Republic of Trinidad and TobagoCARICOM Skills Certificate (Free Movement)Allows an initial entry stamp followed by an indefinite stay once the certificate is verified; can lead toward settled status. Confirm current validity on the official page.work-unsponsored
Republic of CameroonCarte de ResidentTen years.residence-general
Cayman Islands (British Overseas Territory)Certificate of Permanent Residence for Persons of Independent MeansPermanent residence (settled status) once granted, subject to maintaining the qualifying investment; allocations are subject to an annual quota. Confirm current conditions on the official page.residence-general
Republic of UgandaCertificate of ResidenceThe official page lists 5-year, 10-year and life durations for marriage-based certificates.residence-general
Federal Republic of GermanyChancenkarte (Germany Opportunity Card)Up to 12 months initial (Such-Chancenkarte); one-time extension as a Folge-Chancenkarte for up to 2 further years if you hold a qualified job offer but do not yet meet the requirements of a work residence title. The Folge-Chancenkarte cannot be extended again.work-unsponsored
Republic of MalawiCitizenship ApplicationsCitizenship outcome after the relevant application category is approved; timing depends on category and file completeness.citizenship-by-descent
Italian RepublicCitizenship by Descent (Jure Sanguinis)Permanent — full citizenship.citizenship-by-descent
Independent State of SamoaCitizenship by Descent, Permanent Residence or MarriageCitizenship status after registration or recognition; processing depends on the citizenship route and decision.citizenship-by-descent
Kingdom of EswatiniCitizenship by RegistrationProcessing period is determined by the Citizenship Board after each application is reviewed.citizenship-by-descent
Republic of KosovoCitizenship for Diaspora MembersCitizenship decision process; after approval the person registers the decision and can apply for Kosovo identity documents.citizenship-by-descent
Republic of KenyaClass A Work Permit (Prospecting and Mining)Issued and renewable in line with the licensed activity; counts toward the residence record for permanent residence.investor
Republic of KenyaClass D Work Permit (Employment)Issued and renewable in line with the employment; counts toward the residence record for permanent residence.work-sponsored
Republic of KenyaClass G Work Permit (Trade, Business or Consultancy)Issued and renewable in line with the business; counts toward the residence record for permanent residence.entrepreneur
Republic of KenyaClass K Permit (Ordinary Residents)Issued and renewable subject to continued assured income; counts toward the residence record for permanent residence.residence-general
Republic of BulgariaContinuous (Long-Term) Residence PermitGenerally up to one year at a time and renewable each year while your qualifying ground continues - confirm current validity on the official page.residence-general
Republic of IrelandCritical Skills Employment Permit2 years initially; leads to Stamp 4 permission and long-term residence after 2 years.work-sponsored
Republic of South AfricaCritical Skills Work VisaUp to 5 years per issue; renewable.skilled-migration
Republic of KoreaD-8 Corporate Investment Visa1–2 years; renewable as long as the business operates.entrepreneur
Portuguese RepublicD2 visa (entrepreneur / self-employment)Same 2+3 year residence permit pattern; leads to permanent residence or citizenship after 5 years.entrepreneur
Portuguese RepublicD3 visa (highly qualified activity)2+3 year pattern leading to permanent residence or citizenship.work-sponsored
Portuguese RepublicD7 visa (passive income / retirement)Residence visa valid for the entry/residence process; temporary residence generally 2 years then a 3-year renewal. Permanent residence may be available after 5 years; naturalisation generally requires 7 years of legal residence for eligible EU/CPLP nationals and 10 years for other foreign nationals.residence-general
Portuguese RepublicD8 visa (digital nomad / remote work)Residence track: same 2+3 year pattern as D7, leading to permanent residence or citizenship.digital-nomad
Republic of VanuatuDevelopment Support Program (citizenship by investment)Grants citizenship, not a time-limited residence; the underlying programme rules can change. Confirm the current rules with the Vanuatu Citizenship Office.citizenship-by-investment
Republic of KazakhstanDigital Nomad Residency (IT specialists, via Astana Hub)Designed as a long-horizon route for IT talent that can lead to a permanent residence permit; confirm the current validity terms on the official page.skilled-migration
Kingdom of SpainDigital Nomad Visa (Spain)Initial 1-year consular visa, extendable to 3-year residence permit, then renewable for further 2 years; counts toward permanent residence after 5 years.digital-nomad
Commonwealth of DominicaDominica CBI - Approved Real EstateFull citizenship; the qualifying property must be held for a minimum period before it can be resold under the programme.citizenship-by-investment
Commonwealth of DominicaDominica CBI - Economic Diversification FundFull citizenship once the contribution is made and the application is approved.citizenship-by-investment
Commonwealth of DominicaDominica Permanent ResidenceIndefinite right to reside once granted; a separate work permit may still be needed to work.residence-general
Kingdom of the NetherlandsDutch-American Friendship Treaty (DAFT) entrepreneurInitial 2 years, renewable for 5; leads to permanent residence.entrepreneur
Republic of KoreaE-7 Designated Activities Visa1–3 years; renewable.work-sponsored
United States of AmericaEB-1A Extraordinary Ability (Immigrant)Permanent residence (green card).skilled-migration
United States of AmericaEB-2 National Interest Waiver (NIW)Permanent residence.skilled-migration
United States of AmericaEB-3 Skilled, Professional, and Other WorkersPermanent residence.skilled-migration
United States of AmericaEB-5 Immigrant Investor ProgramConditional 2-year residence leading to unconditional permanent residence.investor
Montserrat (British Overseas Territory)Economic Residence PermitAs granted under the economic residence permit and any conditions or revocation rules.investor
Republic of PanamaEconomic Solvency Residence (Solvencia Economica Propia)Permanent residence subject to maintaining the qualifying investment or deposit for the required term. Confirm current terms on the official SNM page.investor
Republic of San MarinoElective Residence PermitLong-term residence route; after 10 years, elective residence changes into registered residence with relevant rights.investor
Italian RepublicElective Residence Visa (Residenza Elettiva)1 year; renewable. Leads to long-term residence after 5 years.residence-general
Czech RepublicEmployee CardLong-term residence permit; validity depends on the job and decision.work-sponsored
Commonwealth of AustraliaEmployer Nomination Scheme (subclass 186)Permanent residence.work-sponsored
Republic of ZambiaEmployment PermitFor employment exceeding 6 months; extendable for periods up to a maximum of 10 years.work-sponsored
Guam (United States territory)Employment-Based Green Card for GuamDepends on the employment-based category, petition, labor-market steps where applicable, visa availability and processing path.skilled-migration
Puerto Rico (United States territory)Employment-Based Green Card for Puerto RicoDepends on the employment-based category, petition, labor-market steps where applicable, visa availability and processing path.skilled-migration
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (United States territory)Employment-Based Green Card for the Northern Mariana IslandsDepends on the employment-based category, petition, labor-market steps where applicable, visa availability and processing path.skilled-migration
United States Virgin Islands (United States territory)Employment-Based Green Card for the U.S. Virgin IslandsDepends on the employment-based category, petition, labor-market steps where applicable, visa availability and processing path.skilled-migration
JapanEngineer / Specialist in Humanities / International Services1 or 3 years (5 years for renewals); renewable.work-sponsored
Taiwan (Republic of China)Entrepreneur Resident VisaInitial residence of 2 years; extensions of up to 2 years each subject to continuing to meet the qualification directions.entrepreneur
Kingdom of SpainEntrepreneur Visa (Ley 14/2013)Initial 3 years; renewable.entrepreneur
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of ChinaEntry for Investment as EntrepreneursInitial stay normally up to 36 months on employment (business) conditions; extensions follow the standard pattern.entrepreneur
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of ChinaEntry for Residence as DependantsStay normally aligned with the sponsor permitted period of stay; renewable alongside the sponsor.family
Brunei DarussalamEntry Permit (route toward permanent resident status)The route toward permanent resident status; once granted, permanent residence is a settled status with re-entry permits issued and renewed under the rules.residence-general
Republic of BurundiEstablishment Visa2 years according to the CGM ordinary establishment visa section.residence-general
Kingdom of BelgiumEU Blue CardTime-limited residence and work authorisation; renewable.skilled-migration
Grand Duchy of LuxembourgEU Blue CardTime-limited permit; renewable under Luxembourg Blue Card rules.skilled-migration
Republic of AustriaEU Blue Card (Austria)2 years; renewable.work-sponsored
Republic of BulgariaEU Blue Card (Bulgaria)Issued for a fixed validity tied to your contract and renewable; confirm current validity on the official page.skilled-migration
Italian RepublicEU Blue Card (Carta Blu UE)2 years; renewable.work-sponsored
French RepublicEU Blue Card (Carte Bleue Européenne)Up to 4 years; renewable.work-sponsored
Republic of CroatiaEU Blue Card (Croatia)Issued for a fixed validity that the 2025 amendments extended, and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.skilled-migration
Federal Republic of GermanyEU Blue Card (Germany)4 years (or duration of contract + 3 months, whichever is shorter).work-sponsored
HungaryEU Blue Card (Hungary)Issued for a fixed validity tied to the contract and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.skilled-migration
Republic of LatviaEU Blue Card (Latvia)Tied to the contract and renewable while you keep qualifying employment - confirm current validity on the official page.skilled-migration
Republic of LithuaniaEU Blue Card (Lithuania)Commonly issued for up to about three years where the contract allows, and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.skilled-migration
Kingdom of the NetherlandsEU Blue Card (Netherlands)Matches contract, up to 4 years plus 3 months; renewable.work-sponsored
RomaniaEU Blue Card (Romania)Issued for a fixed validity tied to your contract and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.skilled-migration
Slovak RepublicEU Blue Card (Slovakia)Tied to the contract and renewable while you keep qualifying employment - confirm current validity on the official page.skilled-migration
Republic of SloveniaEU Blue Card (Slovenia)Issued for a fixed validity tied to your contract and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.skilled-migration
Kingdom of SwedenEU Blue Card (Sweden)At least 9 months and up to 4 years; renewable.work-sponsored
Hellenic RepublicEU Blue Card / highly qualified workerResidence permit validity follows Greek/EU Blue Card rules and the employment basis.skilled-migration
RomaniaEU Long-Term Residence (Romania)Long validity (longer for family members of a Romanian citizen), renewable - confirm current rules on the official page.residence-general
CanadaExpress Entry — Canadian Experience Class (CEC)Permanent residence.skilled-migration
CanadaExpress Entry — Federal Skilled Trades (FST)Permanent residence.skilled-migration
CanadaExpress Entry — Federal Skilled Worker (FSW)Permanent residence.skilled-migration
Republic of KoreaF-2-7 Points-Based Long-Term Residence3 years; renewable.skilled-migration
Socialist Republic of VietnamFamily / Dependent Visa (TT)Aligned to the sponsor's status, with a temporary residence card commonly available for a multi-year period.family
French Polynesia (French overseas collectivity)Family / Private-Life Long-Stay VisaDuration and renewal depend on the French family/private-life category and the applicant relationship; confirm the current card or visa duration on Service-Public and France-Visas.family
New Caledonia (French sui generis collectivity)Family / Private-Life Long-Stay VisaDuration and renewal depend on the French family/private-life category and the applicant relationship; confirm the current card or visa duration on Service-Public and France-Visas.family
Wallis and Futuna (French overseas collectivity)Family / Private-Life Long-Stay VisaDuration and renewal depend on the French family/private-life category and the applicant relationship; confirm the current card or visa duration on Service-Public and France-Visas.family
Republic of IndonesiaFamily / Spouse KITASCommonly issued for periods of up to about two years, renewable while the family relationship continues.family
Guam (United States territory)Family Immigration for GuamDepends on the family category, petition, visa availability and whether the case uses consular processing or adjustment of status.family
Puerto Rico (United States territory)Family Immigration for Puerto RicoDepends on the family category, petition, visa availability and whether the case uses consular processing or adjustment of status.family
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (United States territory)Family Immigration for the Northern Mariana IslandsDepends on the family category, petition, visa availability and whether the case uses consular processing or adjustment of status.family
United States Virgin Islands (United States territory)Family Immigration for the U.S. Virgin IslandsDepends on the family category, petition, visa availability and whether the case uses consular processing or adjustment of status.family
Republic of HondurasFamily ResidenceResidence quality after approval and INM registration; continuity can support later inmigrado status.family
Republic of KazakhstanFamily Residence (reunification)Issued for a defined period and renewable while the family relationship and basis continue; can lead towards permanent residence over time.family
BelizeFamily Residence (Spouse and Dependants)Grants residence based on the family relationship and can lead toward permanent residence; confirm current validity and renewal on the official page.family
Republic of CameroonFamily Resident CardResident cards are valid for ten years where granted.family
Republic of AlbaniaFamily Reunification (Albania)Generally aligned to the sponsor's residence and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.family
Swiss ConfederationFamily Reunification (Familiennachzug)Tied to the sponsor's permit status.family
Republic of AustriaFamily Reunification (Familiennachzug)1 year initially; renewable. Spouses get RWR Card Plus (3 years).family
Kingdom of DenmarkFamily Reunification (Familiesammenfoering)Tied to the sponsor's residence status. Leads to permanent residence on the same conditions as work-permit holders.family
Principality of LiechtensteinFamily Reunification (Liechtenstein)Generally aligned to the sponsor's permit and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.family
French RepublicFamily Reunification (Regroupement Familial)1 year; renewable. Leads to 10-year carte de résident after 5 years.family
Portuguese RepublicFamily reunification (residence)Matches sponsor's residence; leads to settlement.family
RomaniaFamily Reunification (Romania)Generally aligned to the sponsor's residence and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.family
Kingdom of SpainFamily reunification (Spain)Matches sponsor; leads to settlement.family
Republic of BulgariaFamily Reunification Residence (Bulgaria)Generally aligned to the sponsor's permit and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.family
GeorgiaFamily Reunification Residence PermitGenerally aligned to the sponsor's permit and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.family
HungaryFamily Reunification Residence Permit (Hungary)Validity depends on the sponsor's status and is renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.family
Republic of SerbiaFamily Reunification Temporary Residence (Serbia)Generally aligned to the sponsor's status, up to three years and renewable - confirm current validity on the official portal.family
Federative Republic of BrazilFamily reunion residence (VITEM XI)Residence is generally aligned to the sponsoring relationship and the sponsor status, with renewal and a pathway toward indefinite residence; confirm current terms on the official page.family
Federal Republic of GermanyFamily reunion residence permitTypically 1–3 years at a time; leads to settlement.family
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandFamily visa (partner/spouse)Initial 2.5 years then extension to 5 years total; leads to settlement.family
Republic of UzbekistanFamily Visa and Residence (reunification)Issued on the basis of the family relationship and renewable while it continues; can lead towards a longer-term residence permit.family
Kingdom of DenmarkFast-Track Scheme (Fast-Track-ordningen)Up to 4 years.work-sponsored
People's Republic of ChinaForeign Permanent Resident ID Card (Five-Star Card)Permanent residence status; the physical card is issued with a validity period and is renewed while you maintain eligibility.residence-general
Taiwan (Republic of China)Foreign Special Professional Work PermitEmployment permit of up to five years for designated foreign professionals; renewable.work-sponsored
Republic of El SalvadorFreedom Visa (Citizenship by Investment)Grants Salvadoran citizenship if approved; the programme describes no physical-residence requirement to maintain it. Confirm current conditions on the official page.citizenship-by-investment
Federal Republic of GermanyFreelance / Self-employment residence permit (§21 AufenthG)Initial 3 years typically; leads to settlement.work-unsponsored
Republic of PanamaFriendly Nations Residence Permit (Naciones Amigas)2-year provisional (temporary) permit, after which the holder may apply for permanent residence. Confirm current terms on the official SNM page.residence-general
Republic of IrelandGeneral Employment Permit2 years initially; renewable; longer-term residence possible after 5 years.work-sponsored
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of ChinaGeneral Employment Policy (GEP)Initial stay normally up to 36 months on employment conditions; extensions typically follow a 3+3+2-year pattern.work-sponsored
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandGlobal Talent visaUp to 5 years per grant; leads to settlement after 3 or 5 years depending on endorsement type.work-unsponsored
Hellenic RepublicGolden VisaResidence permit is renewable if the qualifying investment condition continues.investor
Republic of IndonesiaGolden Visa (5 and 10-year)Granted for 5 or 10 years depending on the qualifying tier, renewable.investor
Republic of UzbekistanGolden Visa (5-year residence for investment)A five-year residence permit under the programme, renewable in line with the rules; confirm the current terms on the official page.investor
GrenadaGrenada CBI - Approved Real EstateFull citizenship; the qualifying property must be held for a minimum period before it can be resold under the programme.citizenship-by-investment
GrenadaGrenada CBI - National Transformation FundFull citizenship once the contribution is made and the application is approved.citizenship-by-investment
GrenadaGrenada Permanent ResidenceRight to reside in Grenada once granted; a separate work permit is generally still needed to work.residence-general
HungaryGuest Investor Programme (golden visa)A long fixed validity, renewable, for the guest investor residence permit - confirm current validity on the official page.investor
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandHealth and Care Worker visaUp to 5 years on initial grant; leads to settlement after 5 years continuous residence.work-sponsored
Kingdom of SpainHighly Qualified Professional (HQP) permit3 years; renewable for 2 years; leads to permanent residence after 5.work-sponsored
Kingdom of the NetherlandsHighly Skilled Migrant (Kennismigrant)Matches contract, up to 5 years; renewable.work-sponsored
JapanHighly Skilled Professional (HSP) Visa5 years; with fast-track PR after 1–3 years.skilled-migration
HungaryHungarian CardUp to three years, extendable for up to a further period subject to conditions - confirm current validity on the official page.skilled-migration
Republic of IrelandImmigrant Investor Programme (IIP — closed)Closed to new applicants.investor
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of ChinaImmigration Arrangements for Non-local Graduates (IANG)Initial stay of 24 months on time limitation only; renewable subject to meeting the criteria.work-unsponsored
UkraineImmigration PermitThe immigration permit is valid for one year from issuance.residence-general
Republic of GhanaIndefinite Residence Status (Ghana)Indefinite residence once granted, subject to the conditions of the status.residence-general
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandInnovator Founder visa3 years per grant, with no fixed limit on extensions. Settlement may be available after 3 years if the route’s separate endorsement and business-growth requirements are met.entrepreneur
Argentine RepublicInversionista (Investor) Temporary ResidenceGranted for up to one year, renewable for periods of up to three years; defer to the official page for current terms.investor
GeorgiaInvestment Residence PermitIssued for a longer fixed validity than ordinary temporary permits and renewable; can convert to permanent residence once conditions are met - confirm on the official page.investor
Republic of PeruInvestor (Inversionista)Commonly granted for 365 days and renewable while the investment is maintained; counts toward permanent residence after three consecutive years. Confirm current validity on the official page.investor
Republic of IndonesiaInvestor KITAS (Limited Stay Permit for Investors)Commonly issued for periods of up to about two years, renewable while the qualifying investment and role continue.investor
Republic of ZambiaInvestor PermitPermit validity and renewal are determined by the issued permit. Holding an Investor's Permit for more than 3 years is listed as a Residence Permit pathway.investor
Republic of RwandaInvestor Permit (Class A-1 / B-1)Issued for a period tied to the investment class and renewable; can support a longer-term residence pathway. Confirm current validity on the official page.investor
Republic of FijiInvestor Permit for Non-Citizen InvestorsTiered - a larger qualifying investment supports a longer multi-year permit and a smaller approved investment a shorter one; renewable while the business operates. Confirm current tiers on the official page.investor
MongoliaInvestor Residence (foreign-invested company)Granted for a defined period linked to your investment or role and extendable; years of qualifying residence can count toward permanent residence.investor
Republic of NamibiaInvestor Residence (qualifying investment)A renewable residence permit tied to your investment and business; after operating long enough you may become eligible to apply for permanent residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.investor
Republic of ZimbabweInvestor Residence PermitConfirm the permit validity on approval and use the official extension process where applicable.investor
Republic of LatviaInvestor Residence Permit / Golden Visa (Latvia)Tied to maintaining the qualifying investment and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.investor
Republic of El SalvadorInvestor Temporary ResidenceGenerally granted for up to two years and renewable for an equal period; can lead to permanent residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.investor
Socialist Republic of VietnamInvestor Visa (DT1-DT4)Validity rises with the tier - the highest tiers run for several years, while the lowest tier is shorter; residence cards align to the tier.investor
Federal Republic of NigeriaInvestor Visa (multiple-entry)Multiple-entry validity that scales with the investment tier (the small-scale tier commonly carries a multi-year stay); confirm current durations on the official page.investor
Republic of MoldovaIT Specialist Residence (Moldova IT Park)Commonly granted for up to two years and extendable while you keep the qualifying IT Park role - confirm current validity on the official page.skilled-migration
Republic of IrelandJoin Family (Irish national or EEA national)Variable — usually 1–3 years at a time; leads to Stamp 4.family
United States of AmericaK-1 Fiancé(e) of US CitizenSingle-entry 6 months; must marry within 90 days of entry.family
Republic of IndonesiaKITAP (Permanent Stay Permit)Issued for a multi-year period and renewable, with provisions for extended validity.residence-general
Republic of MadagascarLong-Stay Family Reunification VisaEDBM fee bands cover stay periods from more than 3 months to 1 year through 5-10 years, definitive and duplicate categories.family
Republic of MadagascarLong-Stay Investor VisaEDBM fee bands cover stay periods from more than 3 months to 1 year through 5-10 years, definitive and duplicate categories.investor
Reunion (French overseas department and region)Long-Stay Overseas VisaLong-stay visas commonly support stays beyond 90 days and may need online validation or residence-card follow-up after arrival, depending on the category.residence-general
Mayotte (French overseas department and region)Long-Stay Overseas VisaLong-stay visas commonly support stays beyond 90 days and may need online validation or residence-card follow-up after arrival, depending on the category.residence-general
French Guiana (French overseas department and region)Long-Stay Overseas VisaLong-stay visas commonly support stays beyond 90 days and may need online validation or residence-card follow-up after arrival, depending on the category.residence-general
Guadeloupe (French overseas department and region)Long-Stay Overseas VisaLong-stay visas commonly support stays beyond 90 days and may need online validation or residence-card follow-up after arrival, depending on the category.residence-general
Martinique (French overseas department and region)Long-Stay Overseas VisaLong-stay visas commonly support stays beyond 90 days and may need online validation or residence-card follow-up after arrival, depending on the category.residence-general
Saint Martin (French overseas collectivity)Long-Stay Overseas VisaLong-stay visas commonly support stays beyond 90 days and may need online validation or residence-card follow-up after arrival, depending on the category.residence-general
Saint Barthelemy (French overseas collectivity)Long-Stay Overseas VisaLong-stay visas commonly support stays beyond 90 days and may need online validation or residence-card follow-up after arrival, depending on the category.residence-general
French Polynesia (French overseas collectivity)Long-Stay Overseas VisaLong-stay visas commonly support stays beyond 90 days and may need validation or local residence follow-up after arrival, depending on the category.residence-general
New Caledonia (French sui generis collectivity)Long-Stay Overseas VisaLong-stay visas commonly support stays beyond 90 days and may need validation or local residence follow-up after arrival, depending on the category.residence-general
Wallis and Futuna (French overseas collectivity)Long-Stay Overseas VisaLong-stay visas commonly support stays beyond 90 days and may need validation or local residence follow-up after arrival, depending on the category.residence-general
French RepublicLong-Stay Visa — Salaried Worker (VLS-TS Salarié)1 year; renewable.work-sponsored
Republic of MadagascarLong-Stay Worker VisaEDBM fee bands cover stay periods from more than 3 months to 1 year through 5-10 years, definitive and duplicate categories.work-sponsored
United Republic of TanzaniaLong-tenure Residence (high-value investors, discretionary)Discretionary long-tenure residence for high-value investors; the official position notes total validity may exceed ten years in such cases. Confirm the current position on the official page.residence-general
Republic of CroatiaLong-Term Residence / Permanent Stay (Croatia)Permanent status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.residence-general
Czech RepublicLong-term residence for businessLong-term residence permit; renewable if the business purpose continues.entrepreneur
JamaicaMarriage Exemption Certificate (spouse of a Jamaican)Held while the certificate is valid; PICA endorses the matching stay in your passport. Confirm current validity on the official page.family
Republic of PanamaMarried to a Panamanian (Casado con Panameno/a)Leads to permanent residence, generally via an initial provisional period and a genuineness review while the marriage subsists. Confirm current terms on the official SNM page.family
Oriental Republic of UruguayMERCOSUR Permanent ResidencePermanent on grant; cedula renewed periodically. Leads to naturalisation under separate rules.residence-general
Federative Republic of BrazilMERCOSUR residence agreement (VITEM XIII)Temporary residence is typically granted for up to two years and can be converted to indefinite residence on meeting the decree requirements; confirm current terms on the official page.residence-general
Argentine RepublicMERCOSUR Temporary Residence (by nationality)Granted for two years, renewable; defer to the official page for current terms.residence-general
Commonwealth of AustraliaNational Innovation visa (formerly Global Talent)Permanent residence.work-unsponsored
HungaryNational Permanent Residence / EC Long-Term Residence (Hungary)Indefinite settlement status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.residence-general
Kingdom of SpainNon-Lucrative Visa (NLV)Initial 1 year; renewable for 2-year periods; leads to permanent residence after 5 years.residence-general
Republic of MauritiusOccupation Permit (Investor)Issued for up to 10 years and renewable, subject to meeting ongoing turnover conditions.investor
Republic of MauritiusOccupation Permit (Professional)Issued for up to 10 years and renewable, subject to a continuing qualifying employment contract.work-sponsored
Republic of MauritiusOccupation Permit (Self-Employed)Issued for up to 10 years and renewable, subject to meeting ongoing business income conditions.entrepreneur
Republic of IndiaOverseas Citizen of India (OCI) CardLifelong, subject to re-issue conditions for cards issued before age 20 and after age 50.residence-general
New ZealandPartner of a New Zealander Resident VisaPermanent residence.family
Kingdom of the NetherlandsPartner residence (Dutch national or resident sponsor)Initial 5 years; leads to permanent residence.family
Commonwealth of AustraliaPartner visa (subclass 820/801, 309/100)Initial provisional to permanent residence.family
Kingdom of DenmarkPay Limit Scheme (Beloebsordningen)Up to 4 years; renewable if employment continues.work-sponsored
Republic of El SalvadorPensionado Temporary Residence (Retiree)Generally granted for up to two years and renewable for an equal period; can lead to permanent residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.residence-general
Republic of San MarinoPensioners' Atypical ResidenceLong-term residence route; after 10 years, holders are entitled to registered residence and related rights.residence-general
Oriental Republic of UruguayPermanent Legal Residence (Residencia Permanente)Permanent on grant; cedula renewed periodically. Leads to naturalisation under separate citizenship rules.residence-general
Republic of KenyaPermanent ResidencePermanent on grant, subject to the conditions of the Act.residence-general
Republic of BotswanaPermanent ResidenceDurable, long-term residence beyond the renewable permits, granted at the authorities' discretion; confirm the current validity and qualifying period on the official page.residence-general
Republic of FijiPermanent ResidenceSettled status held long term once granted, normally after a qualifying period on other permits. Confirm current validity and conditions on the official page.residence-general
MongoliaPermanent ResidenceConfirms long-term residence and is renewed in line with the rules; it is a settlement status but does not lead to citizenship.residence-general
BelizePermanent ResidenceGrants settled permanent residence; reachable after about a year of legal residence with strict absence limits. Confirm current validity and renewal on the official page.residence-general
Cook Islands (self-governing country in free association with New Zealand)Permanent ResidencePermanent residence status, subject to the conditions and maintenance rules set by Cook Islands law and MFAI.residence-general
Independent State of Papua New GuineaPermanent ResidencePermanent residence is a status route; ICA class eligibility depends on documented facts and current permanent-residence rules.residence-general
Pitcairn Islands (British Overseas Territory)Permanent ResidenceIndefinite residence and work entitlement once permanent residence is granted.residence-general
Republic of NicaraguaPermanent ResidenceLong-term residence status; card validity and renewal requirements should be confirmed with the official migration source.residence-general
Republic of AlbaniaPermanent Residence (Albania)Long validity after five continuous years of lawful residence, renewable - confirm current rules on the official page.residence-general
Taiwan (Republic of China)Permanent Residence (Alien Permanent Resident Certificate, APRC)Permanent, subject to maintaining the rolling presence requirement; re-entry and the certificate are maintained per NIA rules.residence-general
Republic of ArmeniaPermanent Residence (Armenia)A five-year card with renewal options under the 2026 reform - confirm current rules on the official page.residence-general
Republic of BulgariaPermanent Residence (Bulgaria)Indefinite status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.residence-general
Brunei DarussalamPermanent Residence (discretionary, long-term)A long-term settled status; in practice it is typically reached only after many years (often around fifteen) and is granted at the authorities' discretion.residence-general
Republic of MoldovaPermanent Residence (Moldova)Longer-term status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.residence-general
MontenegroPermanent Residence (Montenegro)Longer-term status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.residence-general
Federal Republic of NigeriaPermanent Residence (Nigeria)Long-term, multi-year residence depending on the category (the Highly Skilled Immigrant Visa carries a multi-year multiple-entry stay); confirm current terms on the official page.residence-general
Plurinational State of BoliviaPermanent Residence (Permanencia Definitiva)Definitive residence or stay. The later decree text says foreign identity cards for definitive permanence are renewed every five years with SEGIP, with indefinite cards possible for qualifying older residents.residence-general
Republic of El SalvadorPermanent Residence (Residencia Definitiva)Permanent settled status; the card is renewed (refrenda) for periods set by the rules, and absence of up to two years is generally permitted. Confirm current renewal and absence rules on the official page.residence-general
Republic of ParaguayPermanent Residence (Residencia Permanente, 10-year card)Indefinite settled status; the permanent resident card is renewed every 10 years. Confirm current renewal and absence rules on the official page.residence-general
Republic of Costa RicaPermanent Residence (Residencia Permanente)Settled status, with the DIMEX card renewed periodically; permanent residents may generally work freely. Confirm current renewal and absence rules on the official page.residence-general
Republic of PanamaPermanent Residence (Residencia Permanente)Settled status, subject to periodic renewal of the residence card; prolonged absence from Panama can affect it. Confirm current terms on the official SNM page.residence-general
Republic of EcuadorPermanent Residence (Residencia Permanente)Settled status, renewed periodically; permanent residents may generally live and work freely. Confirm current renewal and absence rules on the official page.residence-general
Republic of GuatemalaPermanent Residence (Residencia Permanente)Grants settled permanent residence, renewed periodically; reachable after about five years of legal residence. Confirm current validity and renewal on the official page.residence-general
Dominican RepublicPermanent Residence (RP-1)Settled status: a permanent-residence card is issued (commonly for one year initially, then renewed for several years at a time). Confirm current validity and renewal on the official page.residence-general
Republic of SerbiaPermanent Residence (Serbia)Permanent status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official portal.residence-general
Slovak RepublicPermanent Residence (Slovakia)A first permanent-residence permit followed by longer or unlimited status, subject to conditions - confirm current rules on the official page.residence-general
Republic of SloveniaPermanent Residence (Slovenia)Long-term status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.residence-general
Republic of LatviaPermanent Residence / EU Long-Term Resident Status (Latvia)Longer-term status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.residence-general
Republic of LithuaniaPermanent Residence / EU Long-Term Resident Status (Lithuania)Longer-term status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.residence-general
Republic of CubaPermanent Residence ApplicationPermanent-residence application; timing and status terms must be confirmed with the Cuban consulate and migration authorities.residence-general
Oriental Republic of UruguayPermanent Residence by Uruguayan Family LinkPermanent on grant; cedula renewed periodically. Leads to naturalisation under separate rules.family
Socialist Republic of VietnamPermanent Residence CardLong-term permanent residence, with the card periodically renewed as an identity document.residence-general
Republic of AngolaPermanent Residence CardThe reviewed public source set does not publish a standard permanent-card validity period; confirm grant and renewal timing through SME.residence-general
Kingdom of MoroccoPermanent Residence Card (carte de residence, 10-year)A longer-term residence card, typically valid for ten years and renewable; confirm the current validity and qualifying period on the official page.residence-general
Niue (self-governing country in free association with New Zealand)Permanent Residence CertificatePermanent residence status if Cabinet grants a permanent residence certificate.residence-general
Republic of BelarusPermanent Residence Entry VisaEntry-visa validity is set by the visa issued; the permanent-residence basis depends on the separate Citizenship and Migration Department decision.residence-general
Republic of ParaguayPermanent Residence for Investors (SUACE)Permanent residence granted directly; the resident card is renewed every 10 years. Confirm current validity and renewal terms on the official page.investor
JamaicaPermanent Residence for RetireesSettled residence status once granted; applications are commonly described as taking around three to six months to process. Confirm current validity on the official page.residence-general
GeorgiaPermanent Residence PermitPermanent status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.residence-general
Republic of RwandaPermanent Residence PermitLong-term, durable residence beyond the renewable temporary permits; confirm the current validity and qualifying period on the official page.residence-general
Republic of KazakhstanPermanent Residence PermitConfirms permanent residence; the physical permit is issued with a validity period and renewed while you keep your status.residence-general
Republic of AzerbaijanPermanent Residence PermitConfirms permanent residence; the permit is generally issued for a multi-year period (often around five years) and renewable while you keep your status.residence-general
Bosnia and HerzegovinaPermanent Residence PermitIndefinite permanent residence, once approved.residence-general
Republic of LebanonPermanent Residence PermitPermanent residency is described by General Security as a 3-year residence, possibly renewable.residence-general
UkrainePermanent Residence PermitThe official page says a permanent residence permit is issued for 10 years.residence-general
Republic of KosovoPermanent Residence PermitPermanent residence status; ID card renewal and replacement use separate evidence lines.residence-general
Republic of MalawiPermanent Residence PermitPermanent residence status after approval.residence-general
Faroe Islands (self-governing territory within the Kingdom of Denmark)Permanent Residence PermitPermanent residence if approved under the current Faroe Islands rules.residence-general
Montserrat (British Overseas Territory)Permanent Residence PermitAs granted under the permanent residence permit and any conditions or revocation provisions.residence-general
Independent State of SamoaPermanent Residence PermitPermanent residence status, subject to approval and any endorsement or reissue conditions.residence-general
IcelandPermanent Residence Permit (Iceland)Longer-term status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.residence-general
Republic of NamibiaPermanent Residence Permit (PRP)Durable, long-term residence beyond the renewable temporary permits; confirm the current qualifying basis on the official page.residence-general
Greenland (self-governing territory within the Kingdom of Denmark)Permanent Residence Permit in GreenlandPermanent residence if approved under the current Greenland rules.residence-general
JamaicaPermanent Residence via EmploymentSettled residence status once granted; applications are commonly described as taking around three to six months to process. Confirm current validity on the official page.residence-general
State of QatarPermanent Residency (Law No. 10 of 2018)Permanent status (subject to the law and committee conditions); a distinct status, not citizenship.residence-general
Republic of PeruPermanent Resident (Residente Permanente)Settled status, renewed periodically; permanent residents may generally live and work freely. Confirm current renewal and absence rules on the official page.residence-general
Turks and Caicos Islands (British Overseas Territory)Permanent Resident Certificate, Islander Status and BOTC StatusStatus and certificate timing depends on the Ministry route and document applied for.residence-general
American Samoa (United States territory)Permanent Resident StatusPermanent residence status if granted under American Samoa immigration law and current board procedures.residence-general
Republic of VanuatuPermanent Resident VisaLonger-term permanent residence status, subject to the conditions and any renewal or reporting requirements set by the Department. Confirm the current terms on the official Department of Immigration page.residence-general
Republic of BurundiPermanent Resident VisaIndefinite period according to the CGM permanent resident visa text.residence-general
Solomon IslandsPermanent Resident VisaFive years; extendable.residence-general
Portuguese RepublicPortugal Golden Visa (residence by investment)Initial 2-year residence renewable; very low physical-presence requirement (7 days in year 1, 14 in years 2 and 3).investor
Kingdom of DenmarkPositive List Scheme (Positivlisten)Up to 4 years; renewable.work-sponsored
Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaPremium ResidencyPermanent (one-time fee option) or 1 year renewable (annual fee option).investor
Reunion (French overseas department and region)Private and Family Life ResidenceDuration and renewal depend on the French family/private-life category and the applicant relationship; confirm the current card or visa duration on Service-Public and France-Visas.family
Mayotte (French overseas department and region)Private and Family Life ResidenceDuration and renewal depend on the French family/private-life category and the applicant relationship; confirm the current card or visa duration on Service-Public and France-Visas.family
French Guiana (French overseas department and region)Private and Family Life ResidenceDuration and renewal depend on the French family/private-life category and the applicant relationship; confirm the current card or visa duration on Service-Public and France-Visas.family
Guadeloupe (French overseas department and region)Private and Family Life ResidenceDuration and renewal depend on the French family/private-life category and the applicant relationship; confirm the current card or visa duration on Service-Public and France-Visas.family
Martinique (French overseas department and region)Private and Family Life ResidenceDuration and renewal depend on the French family/private-life category and the applicant relationship; confirm the current card or visa duration on Service-Public and France-Visas.family
Saint Martin (French overseas collectivity)Private and Family Life ResidenceDuration and renewal depend on the French family/private-life category and the applicant relationship; confirm the current card or visa duration on Service-Public and France-Visas.family
Saint Barthelemy (French overseas collectivity)Private and Family Life ResidenceDuration and renewal depend on the French family/private-life category and the applicant relationship; confirm the current card or visa duration on Service-Public and France-Visas.family
MongoliaPrivate and Family Residence (H-series)Granted for a defined period and renewable while the family or private basis continues; years of qualifying residence can count toward permanent residence.family
Kingdom of BelgiumProfessional Card for self-employmentTime-limited and renewable under regional rules.entrepreneur
CanadaProvincial Nominee Program (PNP)Permanent residence.skilled-migration
People's Republic of ChinaQ Family Reunion Visa (Q1 and Q2)Q1 is a long-stay route: after entry you obtain a family-type residence permit, often issued for up to several years and renewable. Q2 is for short visits only.family
Republic of PanamaQualified Investor Permanent Residence (Inversionista Calificado)Permanent residence, granted on a direct basis subject to maintaining the qualifying investment for the required term. Confirm current terms on the official SNM page.investor
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of ChinaQuality Migrant Admission Scheme (QMAS)Initial stay normally up to 36 months under the General Points Test (or a longer initial period for Achievement-based applicants); renewable.skilled-migration
Republic of the PhilippinesQuota Immigrant Visa (Section 13)Permanent residence once granted, subject to maintaining status.residence-general
People's Republic of ChinaR Talent Visa (high-level and urgently needed talent)The R visa is for entry; the work-type residence permit obtained after arrival is typically issued for one or more years and is renewable.skilled-migration
Federal Republic of GermanyRecognition Partnership (Anerkennungspartnerschaft)Up to 3 years.work-sponsored
Republic of AustriaRed-White-Red Card — Startup Founder2 years; then RWR Card Plus progression.entrepreneur
Republic of AustriaRed-White-Red Card (Rot-Weiß-Rot-Karte)24 months; then RWR Card Plus after at least 21 months of qualifying employment during the preceding 24 months.skilled-migration
UkraineRefugee Status or Subsidiary ProtectionRecognition as a refugee or person in need of subsidiary protection is legal residence without time limits; the certificate for recognized people aged 16 or over is issued for a five-year term.humanitarian
Republic of San MarinoRegistered Residence PermitLong-term residence route. The public English guidance does not state a single fixed validity period for registered residence permits.residence-general
Togolese RepublicReintegration into Togolese NationalityConfirm the citizenship effect, decree timing and any residence requirement with the Ministry of Justice or Service Public before filing.citizenship-by-descent
Republic of HondurasRentist, Pensioner or Investor ResidenceResidence quality granted after approval and registration; long-term continuity can support inmigrado status after qualifying residence.investor
Argentine RepublicRentista (Fixed-Income) Temporary ResidenceGranted for one year, renewable; defer to the official page for current terms.residence-general
Republic of PeruRentista (Independent Means / Passive Income)Granted as a resident category for people of permanent income; the rentista category is associated with indefinite permanence. Confirm current validity and renewal terms on the official page.residence-general
Republic of El SalvadorRentista Temporary Residence (Stable Foreign Income)Generally granted for up to two years and renewable for an equal period; can lead to permanent residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.residence-general
Republic of Trinidad and TobagoResidence after Five Years (Permanent Residence)Grants resident status under the Immigration Act; confirm current validity, renewal and the right to remain on the official page.residence-general
Republic of Trinidad and TobagoResidence as a Sponsored Parent or GrandparentGrants resident status based on the sponsored family relationship; confirm current validity, renewal and conditions on the official page.family
Republic of Trinidad and TobagoResidence as Spouse of a Citizen or ResidentGrants resident status based on the marriage; confirm current validity, renewal and conditions on the official page.family
Federative Republic of BrazilResidence authorization for investmentThe real-estate investment authorization is initially granted for four years and is renewable for an indefinite period; confirm current terms on the official page.investor
Federative Republic of BrazilResidence authorization for work (VITEM V)Commonly granted as a temporary residence aligned to the employment, with renewal and a pathway toward indefinite residence; confirm current terms on the official page.work-sponsored
Republic of BulgariaResidence by InvestmentA continuous residence card is generally issued first and can convert to permanent residence at higher tiers; confirm current rules on the official page.investor
Anguilla (British Overseas Territory)Residence by InvestmentPermanent residence route; citizenship pathway timing depends on meeting the applicable requirements.investor
Dominican RepublicResidence by Investment - InvestorA fast-track residence route: investors are typically granted a permanent-residence card from the first card rather than a long temporary period. Confirm current terms on the official page.investor
Dominican RepublicResidence by Investment - Pensionado (Retiree)A fast-track residence route: pensioners are typically granted a permanent-residence card from the first card rather than a long temporary period. Confirm current terms on the official page.residence-general
Dominican RepublicResidence by Investment - Rentista (Annuitant)A fast-track residence route: rentistas are typically granted a permanent-residence card from the first card rather than a long temporary period. Confirm current terms on the official page.residence-general
MontenegroResidence by Property Ownership (Montenegro)Commonly issued for up to one year at a time and renewable while you own the qualifying property - confirm current validity on the official page.residence-general
Republic of AngolaResidence Fixation VisaThe reviewed public source set does not publish a standard validity period for the residence-fixation visa; confirm the grant period and resident-card follow-up before filing.residence-general
MontenegroResidence for Company Founders and the Self-Employed (Montenegro)Commonly issued for up to one year at a time and renewable while the business stays active - confirm current validity on the official page.entrepreneur
Republic of ArmeniaResidence for Ethnic Armenians (by descent)Issued as temporary or permanent residence on the basis of descent; the long-validity special status closes to new applicants after July 2026 - confirm current rules on the official page.residence-general
Federative Republic of BrazilResidence for retirees and pensionersInitial residence is granted for up to two years and is renewable; confirm current terms on the official page.residence-general
Republic of ZambiaResidence PermitPermanent residence status; document validity and card renewal follow Department rules.residence-general
Democratic Republic of Timor-LesteResidence PermitTemporary residence permit: two years, extendable for the same period. Permanent residence exists as a separate permit type.residence-general
Republic of BotswanaResidence Permit - Spouse of a Botswana CitizenA renewable residence permit tied to the marriage that can support longer-term settlement; confirm current validity on the official page.family
Republic of UzbekistanResidence Permit (long-term, vid na zhitelstvo)Typically issued for a multi-year period (commonly around five years) and renewable, with longer validity possible for older applicants; confirm on the official page.residence-general
Principality of LiechtensteinResidence Permit B for Gainful Employment (Liechtenstein)Commonly issued for an initial period and renewable while you keep qualifying; the annual quota is very small - confirm current validity on the official page.work-sponsored
Principality of LiechtensteinResidence Permit B without Gainful Employment (Liechtenstein)Commonly issued for an initial period and renewable while you keep qualifying; the annual quota is very small - confirm current validity on the official page.residence-general
Republic of FinlandResidence permit for a specialistUp to 2 years for the first permit; renewable.work-sponsored
Republic of FinlandResidence permit for an employed personUsually tied to the job and permit decision; renewable.work-sponsored
IcelandResidence Permit for Family Reunification (Iceland)Generally aligned to the sponsor's status and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.family
Republic of LatviaResidence Permit for Family Reunification (Latvia)Generally aligned to the sponsor's permit and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.family
Republic of SurinameResidence Permit for People of Surinamese OriginDefinite-period residence for people of Surinamese origin has a maximum duration of two years; the same page also names indefinite residence for this category.family
IcelandResidence Permit for Qualified Professionals (Iceland)Commonly issued for up to one year first and renewable for longer periods while you keep the qualifying job - confirm current validity on the official page.work-sponsored
Republic of MauritiusResidence Permit for Retired Non-Citizens (50+)Initial residence permit valid for up to 10 years and renewable.residence-general
Grand Duchy of LuxembourgResidence permit for salaried workersPermit validity is tied to the authorised employment and renewal rules.work-sponsored
Grand Duchy of LuxembourgResidence permit for self-employed workersUp to 3 years for the first residence permit in many cases; renewable.entrepreneur
IcelandResidence Permit for the Self-Employed (Iceland)Commonly issued for up to one year first and renewable while the business stays genuine and active - confirm current validity on the official page.entrepreneur
Republic of FijiResidence Permit on Assured IncomeGranted as a renewable residence permit while the assured income and deposit conditions continue. Confirm current validity on the official page.residence-general
Virgin Islands (British Overseas Territory)Residence StatusThe reviewed page lists a 2-3 business month turnaround, but applicants should reconfirm because the service is under review.residence-general
Republic of UzbekistanResidence through Qualifying Property PurchaseA residence permit linked to your qualifying property, typically issued for a multi-year period and renewable; confirm the current terms on the official page.residence-general
Republic of SerbiaResidence via Company Founding / Self-EmploymentUp to three years via the single permit and renewable - confirm current validity on the official portal.entrepreneur
Federal Democratic Republic of EthiopiaResidence VisaThe official route page lists a multiple-entry 90-day Residence Visa.residence-general
Republic of VanuatuResidence Visa (Foreign Investor ground)Issued for set periods and renewable while you hold a valid VIPA certificate and the investment continues. Confirm the current bands on the official Department of Immigration page.investor
Republic of VanuatuResidence Visa (Partner / Child ground)Issued for set periods and renewable while the qualifying relationship continues. Confirm the current bands on the official Department of Immigration page.family
Republic of Cabo VerdeResidence Visa for Family ReunificationThe residence visa allows 6 months, extendable until a final residence permit decision.family
Republic of Cabo VerdeResidence Visa for InvestmentThe residence visa allows 6 months, extendable until the residence permit application receives a final decision.investor
Republic of Cabo VerdeResidence Visa for Professional ActivityThe residence visa allows a 6-month stay, extendable until a final decision on the residence permit application.work-sponsored
Republic of Cabo VerdeResidence Visa for Study Over One YearThe residence visa allows 6 months, extendable until a final residence permit decision.study
RomaniaResidency by Investment / Business Activities (Romania)Residence is tied to the business activity and renewable; a longer right to stay can follow at higher investment or job-creation levels - confirm current rules on the official page.investor
Republic of PeruResident Family Member (Familiar Residente)Commonly granted for 365 days and renewable while the family relationship continues; can count toward permanent residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.family
Republic of South AfricaRetired Persons' VisaIssued for an extended period subject to continued financial qualification.residence-general
Oriental Republic of UruguayRetiree and Pensioner Residence Benefit (Law 16.340)Tied to permanent residence (permanent on grant). The imported vehicle cannot be sold for 4 years; qualifying property cannot be sold for 10 years.residence-general
Republic of PanamaRetiree-Pensioner Residence (Jubilado / Pensionado)Generally an indefinite permit while the qualifying pension is maintained. Confirm current terms on the official SNM page.residence-general
Republic of NamibiaRetirement Permanent Residence (substantial means)A permanent residence basis for retirees of substantial means; confirm the current qualifying basis on the official page.residence-general
Republic of GhanaRight of Abode (Ghana)Indefinite residence once granted, subject to the conditions of the status.residence-general
Saint LuciaSaint Lucia CBI - Approved Real EstateFull citizenship; the qualifying property must be held for a minimum period before it can be resold under the programme.citizenship-by-investment
Saint LuciaSaint Lucia CBI - Enterprise ProjectFull citizenship once the qualifying enterprise investment is made and the application is approved.citizenship-by-investment
Saint LuciaSaint Lucia CBI - Government BondsFull citizenship; the bonds are held for a fixed period (historically five years) before the capital is returned.citizenship-by-investment
Saint LuciaSaint Lucia CBI - National Economic FundFull citizenship once the contribution is made and the application is approved.citizenship-by-investment
Saint LuciaSaint Lucia Permanent ResidenceIndefinite right to reside once granted; a separate work permit may still be needed to work.residence-general
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandScale-up visa2 years; extendable; leads to settlement after 5 years.work-sponsored
Kingdom of SwedenSelf-Employment Permit (Eget företag)Up to 2 years initially, limited by passport validity; at the extension stage, permanent residence can be requested after at least 2 qualifying years.entrepreneur
Republic of SloveniaSelf-Employment Residence (Slovenia)Tied to your self-employment activity and renewable while it stays genuine and active - confirm current validity on the official page.entrepreneur
Principality of LiechtensteinSettlement Permit C (Liechtenstein)Longer-term settlement status with fewer conditions than Permit B, subject to continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.residence-general
Pitcairn Islands (British Overseas Territory)Settlement VisaSettlement visa valid for two years.residence-general
Kingdom of BelgiumSingle PermitUsually tied to the employment authorisation and residence decision; renewable.work-sponsored
Republic of MaltaSingle PermitUsually 1 year, with some permits issued longer where eligible.work-sponsored
Republic of SerbiaSingle Permit (residence and work)Up to three years and renewable for the single permit - confirm current validity on the official portal.work-sponsored
Republic of BulgariaSingle Permit for Residence and WorkUsually granted for one to three years and renewable while you keep the qualifying job - confirm current validity on the official page.work-sponsored
RomaniaSingle Permit for Work and ResidenceTied to your employment and typically renewable; renew at least 30 days before it expires - confirm current validity on the official page.work-sponsored
Republic of SloveniaSingle Residence and Work Permit (Slovenia)Tied to your employment and renewable while you keep the qualifying job - confirm current validity on the official page.work-sponsored
Commonwealth of AustraliaSkilled Independent visa (subclass 189)Permanent residence.skilled-migration
New ZealandSkilled Migrant Category Resident VisaPermanent residence.skilled-migration
Commonwealth of AustraliaSkilled Nominated visa (subclass 190)Permanent residence.skilled-migration
Commonwealth of AustraliaSkilled Work Regional (Provisional) visa (subclass 491)5 years provisional, with pathway to permanent residence.skilled-migration
Federal Republic of GermanySkilled Worker residence permit (§18a/§18b AufenthG)Usually up to 4 years or contract length plus 3 months.work-sponsored
Kingdom of NorwaySkilled Worker Residence Permit (Oppholdstillatelse som faglaert)1–3 years initially; renewable.work-sponsored
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandSkilled Worker visaUp to 5 years on initial grant, extendable; leads to settlement after continuous residence.work-sponsored
Commonwealth of AustraliaSkills in Demand visa (subclass 482)Up to 4 years; Hong Kong passport holders may be granted up to 5 years.work-sponsored
Kingdom of SpainSpain Golden Visa (ending April 2025)Closed to new property-based applications from 3 April 2025.investor
Republic of the PhilippinesSpecial Investor's Resident Visa (SIRV)Probationary on issue, then indefinite stay for as long as the qualifying investment is maintained.investor
Republic of HondurasSpecial Permanence Permit for Business OwnersAnnual permit fee; validity and renewal should be confirmed with INM for the specific business case.entrepreneur
Republic of HondurasSpecial Permanence Permit for Contract EmployeesAnnual permit fee; renewal and validity should be confirmed with INM for the specific employment case.work-sponsored
Republic of HondurasSpecial Permanence Permit for University Profession PracticeAnnual permit fee; validity and renewal should be confirmed with INM for the professional case.work-unsponsored
Republic of the PhilippinesSpecial Resident Retiree's Visa (SRRV)Indefinite stay with multiple-entry privileges while the qualifying deposit and conditions are maintained.residence-general
Republic of the PhilippinesSpecial Visa for Employment Generation (SVEG)Resident status with multiple-entry privileges while the qualifying enterprise and employment continue.investor
Republic of MaltaSpecialist Employee InitiativeIssued through the employment residence framework; renewable if conditions continue.work-sponsored
CanadaSpousal / common-law sponsorship (Canada)Permanent residence.family
United States of AmericaSpouse of US Citizen or Green Card Holder (IR1/CR1 & F2A)Permanent residence (conditional 2-year CR1 converts to 10-year card via I-751).family
Republic of ZambiaSpouse PermitPermit validity and renewal are determined by the issued permit. A Spouse Permit held for at least 5 years is listed as a Residence Permit pathway.family
Republic of ZimbabweSpouse Residence PermitInitial, extension and permanent spouse residence cases are handled under separate evidence lines on the official page.family
Federation of Saint Kitts and NevisSt Kitts and Nevis CBI - Approved Real EstateFull citizenship for life; the qualifying property must be held for a minimum period (historically several years) before it can be resold under the programme.citizenship-by-investment
Federation of Saint Kitts and NevisSt Kitts and Nevis CBI - Public Benefit OptionFull citizenship, granted for life and transmissible to future generations, once the qualifying investment is made and the application is approved.citizenship-by-investment
Federation of Saint Kitts and NevisSt Kitts and Nevis CBI - Sustainable Island State ContributionFull citizenship, granted for life and transmissible to future generations, once the contribution is made and the application is approved.citizenship-by-investment
Federation of Saint Kitts and NevisSt Kitts and Nevis Permanent ResidenceIndefinite right to reside once granted; a separate work permit may still be needed to work.residence-general
Republic of IrelandStamp 4 permissionTypically issued for 1–5 years at a time; renewable.residence-general
Republic of IrelandStart-up Entrepreneur Programme (STEP)Initial 2-year permission; renewable; leads to Stamp 4 after 5 years.entrepreneur
Republic of FinlandStart-up entrepreneur residence permitInitial permit is time-limited and renewable if the startup basis continues.entrepreneur
CanadaStart-Up Visa (Canada)Permanent residence.entrepreneur
Republic of LatviaStartup Residence Permit (Latvia)Commonly issued for an initial period and extendable while you actively develop the product - confirm current validity on the official page.entrepreneur
Republic of EstoniaStartup VisaVisa or temporary residence route depending on stay length and case type.entrepreneur
Republic of LithuaniaStartup Visa (Lithuania)Commonly issued for one year first and extendable while the startup progresses - confirm current validity on the official page.entrepreneur
Kingdom of the NetherlandsStartup Visa (Netherlands)1 year, non-renewable as Startup Visa; transitions to self-employment route.entrepreneur
State of IsraelStatus through Marriage to an Israeli Citizen or Permanent ResidentA graduated, multi-year process leading over time toward permanent residence or citizenship; exact duration depends on circumstances. Verify on the official page.family
Republic of CroatiaStay-and-Work Permit (single permit)Tied to the employment and typically issued for up to a year or more, renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.work-sponsored
Taiwan (Republic of China)Taiwan Employment Gold CardValid for 1 to 3 years; renewable.work-unsponsored
French RepublicTalent Passport — Researcher (Passeport Talent Chercheur)Up to 4 years; renewable.work-unsponsored
French RepublicTalent Passport — Salaried Employee (Passeport Talent Salarié)Up to 4 years; renewable.work-sponsored
Reunion (French overseas department and region)Talent Passport / Qualified WorkFrench Talent Passport cards can be multi-year where the category applies; confirm the Reunion-specific visa/residence result before relying on duration.work-sponsored
Mayotte (French overseas department and region)Talent Passport / Qualified WorkFrench Talent Passport cards can be multi-year where the category applies; confirm the Mayotte-specific visa/residence result before relying on duration.work-sponsored
French Guiana (French overseas department and region)Talent Passport / Qualified WorkFrench Talent Passport cards can be multi-year where the category applies; confirm the French Guiana-specific visa/residence result before relying on duration.work-sponsored
Guadeloupe (French overseas department and region)Talent Passport / Qualified WorkFrench Talent Passport cards can be multi-year where the category applies; confirm the Guadeloupe-specific visa/residence result before relying on duration.work-sponsored
Martinique (French overseas department and region)Talent Passport / Qualified WorkFrench Talent Passport cards can be multi-year where the category applies; confirm the Martinique-specific visa/residence result before relying on duration.work-sponsored
Saint Martin (French overseas collectivity)Talent Passport / Qualified WorkFrench Talent Passport cards can be multi-year where the category applies; confirm the Saint Martin-specific visa/residence result before relying on duration.work-sponsored
Saint Barthelemy (French overseas collectivity)Talent Passport / Qualified WorkFrench Talent Passport cards can be multi-year where the category applies; confirm the Saint Barthelemy-specific visa/residence result before relying on duration.work-sponsored
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of ChinaTechnology Talent Admission Scheme (TechTAS)Employment-based stay aligned with the company quota and the applicant contract; renewable subject to continued eligibility.work-sponsored
Plurinational State of BoliviaTemporary Family Residence (Permanencia Temporal)Granted according to the duly founded request; confirm the current duration and renewal treatment with Migration.family
BelizeTemporary ResidenceHeld during your legal residence in Belize and renewed as required; it leads toward permanent residence once the qualifying period is completed. Confirm current validity on the official page.residence-general
Republic of NicaraguaTemporary ResidenceTemporary residence period is category-specific; confirm the duration on the official migration source before filing.residence-general
Republic of GuatemalaTemporary Residence - Digital Nomad (Residencia Nomada Digital)Typically granted for a year and renewed annually; time held counts toward permanent residence after about five years. Confirm current validity on the official page.digital-nomad
Republic of Costa RicaTemporary Residence - Employed WorkerCommonly granted for a defined period (often around one to two years) and renewable, leading to permanent residence after the qualifying period. Confirm current terms on the official page.work-sponsored
Republic of GuatemalaTemporary Residence - Family (Residencia por motivos Familiares)Granted as a renewable temporary residence while the family relationship continues; counts toward permanent residence after about five years. Confirm current validity on the official page.family
Republic of ChileTemporary Residence - Family ReunificationTemporary residence (up to 2 years under the Residencia Temporal framework); renewable and counts toward Residencia Definitiva.family
Republic of Costa RicaTemporary Residence - Family Tie (Vinculo)Granted for a defined period and renewable; the spouse or parent of a Costa Rican can typically reach permanent residence after a shorter qualifying period. Confirm current terms on the official page.family
Republic of ParaguayTemporary Residence - Independent Means (Renta Propia)Granted as temporary residence for up to two years and renewable; converts to permanent residence after the temporary-residence period. Confirm current validity on the official page.residence-general
Republic of Costa RicaTemporary Residence - Inversionista (Investor)Granted for a defined period (commonly two years) and renewable while the investment is maintained, leading to permanent residence after the qualifying period. Confirm current terms on the official page.investor
Republic of EcuadorTemporary Residence - Investor (Inversionista)Granted for up to two years and renewable while the investment is maintained; allows multiple entries with no limit on time abroad while held. Confirm current validity on the official page.investor
Republic of GuatemalaTemporary Residence - Investor (Residencia Inversionista)Granted as a renewable temporary residence while the investment is maintained; counts toward permanent residence after about five years. Confirm current validity on the official page.investor
Republic of ChileTemporary Residence - Investors and Related PersonnelTemporary residence (up to 2 years per the Residencia Temporal framework); counts toward Residencia Definitiva.investor
Republic of ChileTemporary Residence - Job Offer Pathway90 calendar days on approval via the job-offer pathway; after entry, the contract must be filed within 45 days to support a 1-year extension.work-sponsored
Republic of ChileTemporary Residence - Lawful Remunerated ActivitiesTemporary residence valid up to 2 years; counts toward Residencia Definitiva after roughly 24 months.work-sponsored
Republic of Costa RicaTemporary Residence - Pensionado (Pensioner)Granted for a defined period (commonly two years) and renewable while the pension is maintained, leading to permanent residence after the qualifying period. Confirm current terms on the official page.residence-general
Republic of EcuadorTemporary Residence - Pensioner (Jubilado)Granted for up to two years and renewable while the pension continues; leads to permanent residence after the qualifying period. Confirm current validity on the official page.residence-general
Republic of ParaguayTemporary Residence - Pensioner (Pensionado / Jubilado)Granted as temporary residence for up to two years and renewable; converts to permanent residence after the temporary-residence period. Confirm current validity on the official page.residence-general
Republic of EcuadorTemporary Residence - Professional (Profesional)Granted for up to two years and renewable; leads to permanent residence after the qualifying period of temporary residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.skilled-migration
Republic of EcuadorTemporary Residence - Rentista (Independent Income)Granted for up to two years and renewable while the income continues; leads to permanent residence after the qualifying period. Confirm current validity on the official page.residence-general
Republic of Costa RicaTemporary Residence - Rentista (Person of Independent Means)Granted for a defined period (commonly two years) and renewable while the income is maintained, leading to permanent residence after the qualifying period. Confirm current terms on the official page.residence-general
Republic of GuatemalaTemporary Residence - Rentista or PensionadoGranted as a renewable temporary residence; income is typically re-evidenced periodically and time counts toward permanent residence after about five years. Confirm current validity on the official page.residence-general
Republic of EcuadorTemporary Residence - Work (Relacion de Dependencia)Granted for up to two years and renewable; counts toward permanent residence after the qualifying period of temporary residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.work-sponsored
Republic of GuatemalaTemporary Residence - Worker (Residencia Temporal Trabajador)Granted following the job offer up to a maximum period and renewable; counts toward permanent residence after about five years of legal residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.work-sponsored
Republic of ParaguayTemporary Residence (Residencia Temporal, Law 6984/2022)Granted for up to two years and renewable for an equal period; it is a prerequisite for changing category to permanent residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.residence-general
Republic of CyprusTemporary residence and employment permitTemporary permit; validity depends on employment category and approval.work-sponsored
Republic of PolandTemporary residence and work permitMore than 3 months and up to 3 years.work-sponsored
MontenegroTemporary Residence and Work PermitCommonly issued for up to one year at a time and renewable while you keep the qualifying job - confirm current validity on the official page.work-sponsored
Argentine RepublicTemporary Residence as a Migrant WorkerGranted for one year, renewable; defer to the official page for current terms.work-sponsored
Bosnia and HerzegovinaTemporary Residence Based on Real Estate OwnershipTemporary residence may be issued for up to 1 year unless otherwise determined by the residence permit.residence-general
Argentine RepublicTemporary Residence by Family ReunificationDefer to the official page; terms depend on the relationship and the sponsor status.family
Socialist Republic of VietnamTemporary Residence Card (TRC)Issued for a multi-year period aligned to the underlying status (commonly up to two or three years), renewable.residence-general
Republic of ArmeniaTemporary Residence for Business / Self-EmploymentTemporary status, commonly granted for one year at a time and renewable; biometric cards from 1 August 2026 - confirm current validity on the official page.entrepreneur
Slovak RepublicTemporary Residence for Business / Self-Employment (Slovakia)Fixed at three years under the 2025 reform and subject to the annual quota - confirm current validity on the official page.entrepreneur
Republic of PolandTemporary residence for business activityTemporary residence permit; usually up to the statutory temporary-residence maximum.entrepreneur
Republic of LithuaniaTemporary Residence for Business or Self-Employment (Lithuania)Commonly issued for up to two years and renewable while the business stays genuine and active - confirm current validity on the official page.entrepreneur
Bosnia and HerzegovinaTemporary Residence for EducationTemporary residence may be issued for up to 1 year unless otherwise determined by the residence permit.study
Republic of ArmeniaTemporary Residence for EmploymentTemporary status, commonly granted for one year at a time and renewable; from 1 August 2026 the system moves online with biometric cards - confirm current validity on the official page.work-sponsored
Republic of MoldovaTemporary Residence for Employment (Moldova)Tied to your employment and renewable; the migration authority reviews complete applications within a published period - confirm current validity on the official page.work-sponsored
Slovak RepublicTemporary Residence for Employment / Single Permit (Slovakia)Can be granted for up to five years for employment, tied to the contract and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.work-sponsored
Bosnia and HerzegovinaTemporary Residence for Employment with Work PermitTemporary residence may be issued for up to 1 year unless otherwise determined by the residence permit.work-sponsored
Republic of ArmeniaTemporary Residence for Family (Armenia)Temporary status, commonly granted for one year at a time and renewable; biometric cards from 1 August 2026 - confirm current validity on the official page.family
Bosnia and HerzegovinaTemporary Residence for Family ReunificationTemporary residence may be issued for up to 1 year unless otherwise determined by the residence permit.family
Republic of LithuaniaTemporary Residence for Family Reunification (Lithuania)Generally aligned to the sponsor's permit and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.family
Republic of MoldovaTemporary Residence for Family Reunification (Moldova)Generally aligned to the sponsor's status and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.family
MontenegroTemporary Residence for Family Reunification (Montenegro)Generally aligned to the sponsor's permit and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.family
Slovak RepublicTemporary Residence for Family Reunification (Slovakia)Can be granted for up to five years, generally aligned to the sponsor, and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.family
Republic of SloveniaTemporary Residence for Family Reunification (Slovenia)Generally aligned to the sponsor's permit and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.family
Republic of PolandTemporary residence for highly skilled work (EU Blue Card)Temporary residence permit; validity depends on the job and decision.skilled-migration
Republic of MoldovaTemporary Residence for Investors (Moldova)Can be granted for periods that scale with the investment or jobs created, and is renewable - confirm current rules on the official page.investor
Republic of AzerbaijanTemporary Residence Permit (family ties)A temporary residence permit issued for a defined period (often up to a year) and renewable while the family relationship and basis continue; it can lead toward permanent residence.family
Republic of AzerbaijanTemporary Residence Permit (investment, real estate or deposit)A temporary residence permit issued for a defined period (often up to a year) and renewable while the qualifying basis continues; it can lead toward permanent residence after about two years.investor
Republic of EstoniaTemporary residence permit for employmentTemporary residence permit; renewable if the employment basis continues.work-sponsored
Republic of LatviaTemporary Residence Permit for Employment (Latvia)Commonly issued for up to one or more years tied to the contract and renewable while you keep the job - confirm current validity on the official page.work-sponsored
Republic of LithuaniaTemporary Residence Permit for Employment (Lithuania)Commonly issued for up to two years, and up to three years for highly qualified workers, renewable while you keep the job - confirm current validity on the official page.work-sponsored
Republic of KosovoTemporary Residence Permit for Family ReunificationTemporary residence; family reunification can support permanent residence after qualifying continuous residence where official conditions are met.family
Republic of KosovoTemporary Residence Permit for WorkTemporary residence; extension requests are filed within 30 days before the current temporary residence expires.work-sponsored
Republic of SerbiaTemporary Residence via Real-Estate OwnershipTemporary residence up to three years and renewable while you own the property - confirm current validity on the official portal.residence-general
Republic of El SalvadorTemporary Residence with Work AuthorisationGenerally granted for up to two years and renewable for an equal period; can lead to permanent residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.work-sponsored
United Mexican StatesTemporary Resident VisaVisa supports residence longer than 180 days and up to 4 years after INM card exchange/renewal.residence-general
Republic of CroatiaTemporary Stay for Family Reunification (Croatia)Generally aligned to the sponsor's stay and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.family
Plurinational State of BoliviaTemporary Work Residence (Permanencia Temporal)Issued for one, two or three years, depending on the time of the activity in Bolivia.work-unsponsored
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of ChinaTop Talent Pass Scheme (TTPS)Initial stay of 36 months (Category A) or 24 months (Categories B and C); renewable on meeting the criteria.work-unsponsored
Republic of MadagascarTransformable VisaOne-month transformable visa, used as a bridge to long-stay status.residence-general
Republic of TürkiyeTurkey Citizenship by InvestmentCitizenship, subject to a three-year no-sale restriction on the qualifying property.investor
Republic of TürkiyeTurkey Family Residence PermitUp to two years per issuance, not exceeding the sponsor permit duration; renewable.family
Republic of TürkiyeTurkey Long-Term Residence PermitIndefinite, subject to the conditions of the permit.residence-general
Republic of TürkiyeTurkey Short-Term Residence PermitUp to one or two years per issuance, renewable.residence-general
Republic of TürkiyeTurkey Turquoise CardProvisional three-year transition period, then indefinite on successful conversion.skilled-migration
Republic of TürkiyeTurkey Work Permit (employer-sponsored)Definite permit up to one year initially, extendable; permanent work permit available after eight years legal work.work-sponsored
United Arab EmiratesUAE Golden Visa5 or 10 years depending on category, renewable while the category conditions continue to be met.investor
JamaicaUnconditional LandingValid for the life of the foreign passport it is stamped in, then transferred to a new passport. Confirm current validity on the official page.residence-general
Republic of AlbaniaUnique Permit (Leje Unike)Initially valid for one year and renewable each year; permanent residence follows after five continuous years - confirm current validity on the official page.work-sponsored
Republic of AlbaniaUnique Permit for InvestorsTied to the investment and renewable; permanent residence follows after five continuous years - confirm current validity on the official page.investor
United Mexican StatesVisa by family unitTemporary or permanent residence outcome depends on the family relationship and sponsor status.family
United Mexican StatesVisa by job offer / temporary resident with work authorisationDepends on job length and residence status; temporary residence can be renewed within statutory limits.work-sponsored
Republic of ColombiaVisa M (Migrante)Granted for up to three years depending on the subcategory and renewable; continuous holding accrues toward the Resident (R) visa. Confirm current validity on the official page.residence-general
Republic of ColombiaVisa M Conyuge o Companero de NacionalGranted for up to three years and renewable while the relationship subsists; M time accrues toward the Resident (R) visa. Confirm current validity on the official page.family
Republic of ColombiaVisa M Inversionista / Socio o PropietarioGranted for up to three years and renewable while the investment or business is maintained; M time accrues toward the Resident (R) visa. Confirm current validity on the official page.investor
Republic of ColombiaVisa R (Residente)A permanent-residence visa, subject to periodic renewal and the rule that prolonged absence from Colombia can cause it to lapse. Confirm current validity and absence limits on the official page.residence-general
Republic of IndonesiaWork KITAS (Limited Stay Permit)Commonly issued for periods of up to about two years, renewable while employment continues.work-sponsored
Kingdom of SwedenWork Permit (Arbetstillstånd)Up to 2 years initially, limited by the employment contract and passport validity; extendable for up to 2 years at a time.work-sponsored
Republic of KazakhstanWork Permit and Residence (employer-sponsored)Work permits are tied to your employment and renewed while you keep the job; the residence permit is issued for a defined period and renewed alongside it.work-sponsored
MongoliaWork Permit and Residence (HG employment)The residence permit is granted for the same duration as your work permit (often up to a year) and renewed alongside it while you keep the job.work-sponsored
Republic of AzerbaijanWork Permit and Temporary Residence PermitThe work permit is tied to your employment, and the temporary residence permit is issued for a defined period (often up to a year) and renewed alongside it while you keep the job.work-sponsored
Taiwan (Republic of China)Work Permit for Specialized or Technical Work + ARCWork permit and resident visa run with the employment contract (which must have more than six months remaining at application); renewable.work-sponsored
Republic of NicaraguaWork ResidenceWork-linked residence duration is category-specific and should be confirmed with the official migration source.work-sponsored
GeorgiaWork Residence PermitIssued as a temporary residence permit, commonly for up to a year at a time and renewable; longer initial validity can apply - confirm on the official page.work-sponsored
Socialist Republic of VietnamWork Visa (LD) and Work PermitWork permits are commonly issued for up to about two years, with the LD visa and any residence card aligned to the permit.work-sponsored
French Polynesia (French overseas collectivity)Work-Authorised Long-Stay VisaDuration depends on the France-Visas result and any local work or residence authorisation attached to the French Polynesia role.work-sponsored
New Caledonia (French sui generis collectivity)Work-Authorised Long-Stay VisaDuration depends on the France-Visas result and any local work or residence authorisation attached to the New Caledonia role.work-sponsored
Wallis and Futuna (French overseas collectivity)Work-Authorised Long-Stay VisaDuration depends on the France-Visas result and any local work or residence authorisation attached to the Wallis and Futuna role.work-sponsored
Republic of PeruWorker Resident (Trabajador Residente)Commonly granted for 365 days and renewable while the employment continues; counts toward permanent residence after three consecutive years. Confirm current validity on the official page.work-sponsored
People's Republic of ChinaZ Work Visa (with Foreigner Work Permit and Residence Permit)The Z visa itself is short-validity for entry; the work-type residence permit you obtain after arrival is typically issued for one year and renewable.work-sponsored

Every row links to a visa page where the underlying primary source and last-reviewed date are shown.

Source basis

This ranking is compiled from Visa Atlas route records. Each row links to a visa guide with its exact primary government source and last-reviewed date.

Reviewed 18 April 2026

Primary sources

  • Immigrant Visa by Marriage (13A) - Bureau of Immigration

    Bureau of Immigration (Philippines) - verified 1 June 2026

  • Immigration New Zealand — Active Investor Plus

    Immigration New Zealand (INZ) - verified 22 June 2026

  • Apply for a Temporary Residence Visa Type A/1 under the Right of Return - PIBA

    Population and Immigration Authority - verified 1 June 2026

  • Real Estate - Antigua and Barbuda CIP

    Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment Unit - verified 1 June 2026

  • Business Investment - Antigua and Barbuda CIP

    Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment Unit - verified 1 June 2026

  • National Development Fund (NDF) - Antigua and Barbuda CIP

    Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment Unit - verified 1 June 2026

  • University of the West Indies (UWI) Fund - Antigua and Barbuda CIP

    Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment Unit - verified 1 June 2026

  • Stay permits, residence and citizenship - San Marino Ministry of Foreign Affairs

    Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of San Marino - verified 27 June 2026

334 more source records are available through the linked route pages.

Frequently asked questions

Which visa leads to permanent residence fastest?+−

Germany's EU Blue Card is one of the quickest — a settlement permit in as little as 21 months with B1 German. Points-based routes such as Canada Express Entry and Australia's subclass 189 grant permanent residence on approval but take longer to reach the invitation stage, and most other work routes need three to five years of qualifying residence.

Does the listed time to settlement include physical-presence rules?+−

No. The figure is the minimum qualifying-residence period under current rules. Absence limits, continuous-residence requirements, and good-character or language tests apply on top, so a real-world timeline can run longer than the headline minimum.

This is not legal advice

We publish neutral, sourced information about immigration routes. Rules and thresholds change often — always verify details on the official government source linked on this page and consult a regulated immigration advisor before applying.