Work visas with no employer sponsor — unsponsored routes ranked

Unsponsored routes let you establish residence without an employer. They suit experienced professionals and recent graduates searching on-the-ground. Most require a points test, qualifications screen, or reputational endorsement.

Destination	Route	Route type	Duration
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	Global Talent visa	work-unsponsored	Up to 5 years per grant; leads to settlement after 3 or 5 years depending on endorsement type.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	Graduate visa	work-unsponsored	2 years (3 years for doctoral graduates); non-extendable.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	High Potential Individual visa	work-unsponsored	2 years (3 years for PhD graduates). Non-extendable.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	Innovator Founder visa	entrepreneur	3 years per grant; extendable. Leads to settlement after 3 years.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	Youth Mobility Scheme visa	youth-mobility	2 years (3 years for specified partners such as New Zealand). Non-extendable.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	Family visa (partner/spouse)	family	Initial 2.5 years then extension to 5 years total; leads to settlement.
Republic of Ireland	Start-up Entrepreneur Programme (STEP)	entrepreneur	Initial 2-year permission; renewable; leads to Stamp 4 after 5 years.
Republic of Ireland	Stamp 4 permission	residence-general	Typically issued for 1–5 years at a time; renewable.
Republic of Ireland	Join Family (Irish national or EEA national)	family	Variable — usually 1–3 years at a time; leads to Stamp 4.
Republic of Ireland	Immigrant Investor Programme (IIP — closed)	investor	Closed to new applicants.
Federal Republic of Germany	Chancenkarte (Germany Opportunity Card)	work-unsponsored	Up to 12 months initial; one-time extension as Anschluss-Chancenkarte for up to 24 more months if a qualifying job offer is held but full recognition is still pending.
Federal Republic of Germany	Freelance / Self-employment residence permit (§21 AufenthG)	work-unsponsored	Initial 3 years typically; leads to settlement.
Federal Republic of Germany	Job Seeker visa (§20 AufenthG)	work-unsponsored	Up to 6 months, non-renewable.
Federal Republic of Germany	Family reunion residence permit	family	Typically 1–3 years at a time; leads to settlement.
Portuguese Republic	D7 visa (passive income / retirement)	residence-general	Initial 4-month entry visa; 2-year residence card renewable for 3 years; leads to permanent residence or citizenship after 5 years.
Portuguese Republic	D8 visa (digital nomad / remote work)	digital-nomad	Residence track: same 2+3 year pattern as D7, leading to permanent residence or citizenship.
Portuguese Republic	D2 visa (entrepreneur / self-employment)	entrepreneur	Same 2+3 year residence permit pattern; leads to permanent residence or citizenship after 5 years.
Portuguese Republic	Portugal Golden Visa (residence by investment)	investor	Initial 2-year residence renewable; very low physical-presence requirement (7 days in year 1, 14 in years 2 and 3).
Portuguese Republic	Family reunification (residence)	family	Matches sponsor's residence; leads to settlement.
Kingdom of Spain	Digital Nomad Visa (Spain)	digital-nomad	Initial 1-year consular visa, extendable to 3-year residence permit, then renewable for further 2 years; counts toward permanent residence after 5 years.
Kingdom of Spain	Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV)	residence-general	Initial 1 year; renewable for 2-year periods; leads to permanent residence after 5 years.
Kingdom of Spain	Entrepreneur Visa (Ley 14/2013)	entrepreneur	Initial 3 years; renewable.
Kingdom of Spain	Spain Golden Visa (ending April 2025)	investor	Closed to new property-based applications from 3 April 2025.
Kingdom of Spain	Family reunification (Spain)	family	Matches sponsor; leads to settlement.
Kingdom of the Netherlands	Orientation year (Zoekjaar)	work-unsponsored	1 year, non-renewable as Zoekjaar.
Kingdom of the Netherlands	Dutch-American Friendship Treaty (DAFT) entrepreneur	entrepreneur	Initial 2 years, renewable for 5; leads to permanent residence.
Kingdom of the Netherlands	Startup Visa (Netherlands)	entrepreneur	1 year, non-renewable as Startup Visa; transitions to self-employment route.
Kingdom of the Netherlands	Partner residence (Dutch national or resident sponsor)	family	Initial 5 years; leads to permanent residence.
United Arab Emirates	UAE Golden Visa	investor	10 years, renewable.
United Arab Emirates	UAE Green Visa	work-unsponsored	5 years, renewable.
United Arab Emirates	UAE Virtual Working Programme	digital-nomad	1 year, renewable.
United Arab Emirates	UAE Investor / Partner residence visa	investor	2 or 3 years, renewable.
United Arab Emirates	UAE freelance permit with residence	work-unsponsored	2–5 years depending on scheme.
Canada	Express Entry — Canadian Experience Class (CEC)	skilled-migration	Permanent residence.
Canada	Express Entry — Federal Skilled Worker (FSW)	skilled-migration	Permanent residence.
Canada	Express Entry — Federal Skilled Trades (FST)	skilled-migration	Permanent residence.
Canada	Provincial Nominee Program (PNP)	skilled-migration	Permanent residence.
Canada	Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP)	work-unsponsored	Up to 3 years.
Canada	Start-Up Visa (Canada)	entrepreneur	Permanent residence.
Canada	Spousal / common-law sponsorship (Canada)	family	Permanent residence.
Commonwealth of Australia	Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189)	skilled-migration	Permanent residence.
Commonwealth of Australia	Skilled Nominated visa (subclass 190)	skilled-migration	Permanent residence.
Commonwealth of Australia	Skilled Work Regional (Provisional) visa (subclass 491)	skilled-migration	5 years provisional, with pathway to permanent residence.
Commonwealth of Australia	Working Holiday Maker visa (subclass 417/462)	youth-mobility	12 months per grant; up to 3 visas with qualifying specified work.
Commonwealth of Australia	National Innovation visa (formerly Global Talent)	work-unsponsored	Permanent residence.
Commonwealth of Australia	Partner visa (subclass 820/801, 309/100)	family	Initial provisional to permanent residence.
United States of America	EB-1A Extraordinary Ability (Immigrant)	skilled-migration	Permanent residence (green card).
United States of America	EB-2 National Interest Waiver (NIW)	skilled-migration	Permanent residence.
United States of America	EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program	investor	Conditional 2-year residence leading to unconditional permanent residence.
United States of America	E-2 Treaty Investor	investor	Initial up to 2 years at port of entry (5-year visa stamp for many nationalities); renewable indefinitely.
United States of America	F-1 Student Visa (with OPT and STEM OPT)	study	Duration of study (D/S); OPT up to 12 months; STEM OPT extension up to 24 additional months.
Republic of Singapore	Overseas Networks & Expertise Pass (ONE Pass)	work-unsponsored	5 years; renewable.
Republic of Singapore	EntrePass	entrepreneur	1 year initially; renewable for 2 years subject to meeting business milestones.
Republic of Singapore	Personalised Employment Pass (PEP)	work-unsponsored	3 years; non-renewable.
Republic of Singapore	Dependant's Pass (DP)	family	Tied to sponsor's work pass validity.
New Zealand	Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa	skilled-migration	Permanent residence.
New Zealand	Working Holiday Visa	youth-mobility	12 months (23 months for UK and Canada).
New Zealand	Post-Study Work Visa	work-unsponsored	1–3 years depending on qualification level and study location.
New Zealand	Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa	family	Permanent residence.
New Zealand	Active Investor Plus Visa	investor	4-year conditional resident visa; transitions to full residence.
French Republic	Talent Passport — Researcher (Passeport Talent Chercheur)	work-unsponsored	Up to 4 years; renewable.
French Republic	Family Reunification (Regroupement Familial)	family	1 year; renewable. Leads to 10-year carte de résident after 5 years.
Italian Republic	Citizenship by Descent (Jure Sanguinis)	citizenship-by-descent	Permanent — full citizenship.
Italian Republic	Digital Nomad Visa (Visto per Nomadi Digitali)	digital-nomad	1 year; renewable.
Italian Republic	Elective Residence Visa (Residenza Elettiva)	residence-general	1 year; renewable. Leads to long-term residence after 5 years.
Japan	Business Manager Visa (経営・管理)	entrepreneur	1 year initially; renewable for 1, 3, or 5 years.
Swiss Confederation	C Permit — Settlement (Niederlassungsbewilligung)	residence-general	Indefinite — valid as long as you remain resident in Switzerland.
Swiss Confederation	Family Reunification (Familiennachzug)	family	Tied to the sponsor's permit status.
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia	Premium Residency	investor	Permanent (one-time fee option) or 1 year renewable (annual fee option).
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia	Freelance Permit (Tashrih al-Amal al-Hurr)	work-unsponsored	1 year; renewable.
Republic of Korea	F-2-7 Points-Based Long-Term Residence	skilled-migration	3 years; renewable.
Republic of Korea	D-8 Corporate Investment Visa	entrepreneur	1–2 years; renewable as long as the business operates.
Republic of Korea	F-1 Family Visitation / F-3 Dependent Family	family	Tied to the sponsoring family member's visa status.
Kingdom of Sweden	Self-Employment Permit (Eget företag)	entrepreneur	2 years initially; renewable.
Republic of Austria	Family Reunification (Familiennachzug)	family	1 year initially; renewable. Spouses get RWR Card Plus (3 years).
Republic of Austria	Red-White-Red Card — Startup Founder	entrepreneur	2 years; then RWR Card Plus progression.
Kingdom of Denmark	Family Reunification (Familiesammenfoering)	family	Tied to the sponsor's residence status. Leads to permanent residence on the same conditions as work-permit holders.
Kingdom of Norway	Job-Seeker Visa (Oppholdstillatelse for aa soeke arbeid som faglart)	work-unsponsored	Up to 1 year (previously 6 months — extended to support recruitment); non-renewable.
Republic of Finland	Start-up entrepreneur residence permit	entrepreneur	Initial permit is time-limited and renewable if the startup basis continues.
Kingdom of Belgium	Professional Card for self-employment	entrepreneur	Time-limited and renewable under regional rules.
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg	Residence permit for self-employed workers	entrepreneur	Up to 3 years for the first residence permit in many cases; renewable.
Czech Republic	Long-term residence for business	entrepreneur	Long-term residence permit; renewable if the business purpose continues.
Republic of Poland	Temporary residence for business activity	entrepreneur	Temporary residence permit; usually up to the statutory temporary-residence maximum.
Republic of Estonia	Startup Visa	entrepreneur	Visa or temporary residence route depending on stay length and case type.
Republic of Estonia	Digital Nomad Visa	digital-nomad	Up to 1 year.
Hellenic Republic	Digital Nomad Visa	digital-nomad	Short initial visa with possible residence-permit route depending on stay plan.
Hellenic Republic	Golden Visa	investor	Residence permit is renewable if the qualifying investment condition continues.
Republic of Malta	Nomad Residence Permit	digital-nomad	Time-limited residence permit; renewability depends on current programme rules.
Republic of Cyprus	Cyprus Digital Nomad Visa	digital-nomad	First permit 1 year; renewal can be up to 2 years under the current scheme.
Republic of Cyprus	Visitor temporary residence permit	residence-general	First visitor permit commonly 1 year, with category-specific limits.
United Mexican States	Temporary Resident Visa	residence-general	Visa supports residence longer than 180 days and up to 4 years after INM card exchange/renewal.
United Mexican States	Visa by family unit	family	Temporary or permanent residence outcome depends on the family relationship and sponsor status.
Federative Republic of Brazil	Residence authorization for investment	investor	The real-estate investment authorization is initially granted for four years and is renewable for an indefinite period; confirm current terms on the official page.
Federative Republic of Brazil	Digital nomad residence (VITEM XIV)	digital-nomad	Granted as a temporary residence for a defined period with the possibility of renewal; this route is not in itself a settlement track. Confirm current terms on the official page.
Federative Republic of Brazil	Family reunion residence (VITEM XI)	family	Residence is generally aligned to the sponsoring relationship and the sponsor status, with renewal and a pathway toward indefinite residence; confirm current terms on the official page.
Federative Republic of Brazil	MERCOSUR residence agreement (VITEM XIII)	residence-general	Temporary residence is typically granted for up to two years and can be converted to indefinite residence on meeting the decree requirements; confirm current terms on the official page.
Federative Republic of Brazil	Residence for retirees and pensioners	residence-general	Initial residence is granted for up to two years and is renewable; confirm current terms on the official page.
Argentine Republic	MERCOSUR Temporary Residence (by nationality)	residence-general	Granted for two years, renewable; defer to the official page for current terms.
Argentine Republic	Rentista (Fixed-Income) Temporary Residence	residence-general	Granted for one year, renewable; defer to the official page for current terms.
Argentine Republic	Inversionista (Investor) Temporary Residence	investor	Granted for up to one year, renewable for periods of up to three years; defer to the official page for current terms.
Argentine Republic	Digital Nomad Transitory Residence	digital-nomad	Granted for up to 180 days, renewable for the same period; defer to the official page for current terms.
Republic of Chile	Temporary Residence - Employment Opportunity	work-unsponsored	Temporary residence valid up to 2 years; counts toward Residencia Definitiva after roughly 24 months.
Republic of Chile	Temporary Residence - Investors and Related Personnel	investor	Temporary residence (up to 2 years per the Residencia Temporal framework); counts toward Residencia Definitiva.
Republic of Chile	Temporary Residence - Students	study	Temporary residence aligned to the study programme; extensions require continued enrolment and financial capacity.
Oriental Republic of Uruguay	Permanent Legal Residence (Residencia Permanente)	residence-general	Permanent on grant; cedula renewed periodically. Leads to naturalisation under separate citizenship rules.
Oriental Republic of Uruguay	Temporary Legal Residence (Residencia Temporaria)	work-unsponsored	6 months to 2 years, renewable. Holders often transition to permanent residence.
Oriental Republic of Uruguay	MERCOSUR Permanent Residence	residence-general	Permanent on grant; cedula renewed periodically. Leads to naturalisation under separate rules.
Oriental Republic of Uruguay	Permanent Residence by Uruguayan Family Link	family	Permanent on grant; cedula renewed periodically. Leads to naturalisation under separate rules.
Oriental Republic of Uruguay	Retiree and Pensioner Residence Benefit (Law 16.340)	residence-general	Tied to permanent residence (permanent on grant). The imported vehicle cannot be sold for 4 years; qualifying property cannot be sold for 10 years.
Republic of South Africa	Critical Skills Work Visa	skilled-migration	Up to 5 years per issue; renewable.
Republic of South Africa	Business Visa	investor	Issued for the period of the business activity, subject to conditions.
Republic of South Africa	Study Visa	study	Duration of the registered course of study.
Republic of South Africa	Retired Persons' Visa	residence-general	Issued for an extended period subject to continued financial qualification.
Republic of South Africa	Remote Work Visa	digital-nomad	Issued as a visitor visa for the period set by the DHA.
Republic of Mauritius	Occupation Permit (Investor)	investor	Issued for up to 10 years and renewable, subject to meeting ongoing turnover conditions.
Republic of Mauritius	Occupation Permit (Self-Employed)	entrepreneur	Issued for up to 10 years and renewable, subject to meeting ongoing business income conditions.
Republic of Mauritius	Premium Visa	digital-nomad	Valid for a period exceeding six months up to one year, with an option to renew.
Republic of Mauritius	Residence Permit for Retired Non-Citizens (50+)	residence-general	Initial residence permit valid for up to 10 years and renewable.
Republic of Kenya	Class G Work Permit (Trade, Business or Consultancy)	entrepreneur	Issued and renewable in line with the business; counts toward the residence record for permanent residence.
Republic of Kenya	Class K Permit (Ordinary Residents)	residence-general	Issued and renewable subject to continued assured income; counts toward the residence record for permanent residence.
Republic of Kenya	Class A Work Permit (Prospecting and Mining)	investor	Issued and renewable in line with the licensed activity; counts toward the residence record for permanent residence.
Republic of Kenya	Permanent Residence	residence-general	Permanent on grant, subject to the conditions of the Act.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China	Quality Migrant Admission Scheme (QMAS)	skilled-migration	Initial stay normally up to 36 months under the General Points Test (or a longer initial period for Achievement-based applicants); renewable.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China	Top Talent Pass Scheme (TTPS)	work-unsponsored	Initial stay of 36 months (Category A) or 24 months (Categories B and C); renewable on meeting the criteria.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China	Immigration Arrangements for Non-local Graduates (IANG)	work-unsponsored	Initial stay of 24 months on time limitation only; renewable subject to meeting the criteria.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China	Entry for Investment as Entrepreneurs	entrepreneur	Initial stay normally up to 36 months on employment (business) conditions; extensions follow the standard pattern.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China	Capital Investment Entrant Scheme (CIES)	investor	Initial stay granted under the scheme, renewable while the investment and asset requirements continue to be met.
Taiwan (Republic of China)	Taiwan Employment Gold Card	work-unsponsored	Valid for 1 to 3 years; renewable.
Taiwan (Republic of China)	Entrepreneur Resident Visa	entrepreneur	Initial residence of 2 years; extensions of up to 2 years each subject to continuing to meet the qualification directions.
Taiwan (Republic of China)	Visitor Visa for Employment-Seeking Purpose	work-unsponsored	Short-stay visitor visa for job-seeking; the holder must convert to a work-permit-based resident visa to stay and work.
Taiwan (Republic of China)	Permanent Residence (Alien Permanent Resident Certificate, APRC)	residence-general	Permanent, subject to maintaining the rolling presence requirement; re-entry and the certificate are maintained per NIA rules.
Malaysia	Residence Pass-Talent (RP-T)	skilled-migration	Ten years, renewable.
Malaysia	DE Rantau Nomad Pass	digital-nomad	3 to 12 months, renewable for up to a further 12 months.
Malaysia	Malaysia My Second Home (MM2H)	residence-general	Multiple-entry Social Visit Pass; validity varies by category - confirm on the official MM2H portal.
Kingdom of Thailand	Long-Term Resident (LTR) Visa	residence-general	Long-term visa issued for up to 10 years (commonly in 5-year tranches); renewable subject to continued eligibility.
Kingdom of Thailand	SMART Visa	skilled-migration	Maximum four-year permission to stay, depending on the SMART type; renewable subject to continued eligibility.
Kingdom of Thailand	Destination Thailand Visa (DTV)	digital-nomad	Five-year multiple-entry visa; up to 180 days per entry, extendable once at an immigration office.
Kingdom of Thailand	Non-Immigrant Visa "O-A" (Retirement / Long Stay)	residence-general	One-year stay; renewable annually if the financial and other conditions continue to be met.
Kingdom of Thailand	Non-Immigrant Visa "O" (Family / Spouse of Thai National)	family	Initial single-entry 90-day stay; extendable one year at a time at an immigration office.
Republic of India	Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) Card	residence-general	Lifelong, subject to re-issue conditions for cards issued before age 20 and after age 50.
State of Qatar	Investor Residence Visa	investor	Renewable residence visa; confirm the current validity period on Hukoomi / MOI.
State of Qatar	Real Estate Residence (Property Owner)	residence-general	Residence linked to qualifying property ownership; confirm the current term on the official portals.
State of Qatar	Permanent Residency (Law No. 10 of 2018)	residence-general	Permanent status (subject to the law and committee conditions); a distinct status, not citizenship.
State of Israel	Aliyah - Immigration under the Law of Return	citizenship-by-descent	Leads to Israeli citizenship; an A/1 temporary residence visa for eligible persons is issued for a multi-year period as an alternative pathway. Verify on the official page.
Republic of Türkiye	Turkey Short-Term Residence Permit	residence-general	Up to one or two years per issuance, renewable.
Republic of Türkiye	Turkey Turquoise Card	skilled-migration	Provisional three-year transition period, then indefinite on successful conversion.
Republic of Türkiye	Turkey Digital Nomad Visa	digital-nomad	Temporary; tied to the visa and short-term residence period granted on entry.
Republic of Türkiye	Turkey Student Residence Permit	study	Tied to the period of study; renewable while enrolled.
Republic of Türkiye	Turkey Citizenship by Investment	investor	Citizenship, subject to a three-year no-sale restriction on the qualifying property.
Republic of Türkiye	Turkey Long-Term Residence Permit	residence-general	Indefinite, subject to the conditions of the permit.
Republic of Indonesia	Investor KITAS (Limited Stay Permit for Investors)	investor	Commonly issued for periods of up to about two years, renewable while the qualifying investment and role continue.
Republic of Indonesia	Golden Visa (5 and 10-year)	investor	Granted for 5 or 10 years depending on the qualifying tier, renewable.
Republic of Indonesia	Second Home Visa	residence-general	Issued for multi-year periods (commonly a 5 or 10-year track), renewable subject to conditions.
Republic of the Philippines	Special Resident Retiree's Visa (SRRV)	residence-general	Indefinite stay with multiple-entry privileges while the qualifying deposit and conditions are maintained.
Republic of the Philippines	Special Investor's Resident Visa (SIRV)	investor	Probationary on issue, then indefinite stay for as long as the qualifying investment is maintained.
Republic of the Philippines	Special Visa for Employment Generation (SVEG)	investor	Resident status with multiple-entry privileges while the qualifying enterprise and employment continue.
Republic of the Philippines	Digital Nomad Visa	digital-nomad	Up to one year initially, renewable once for a two-year maximum.
Republic of the Philippines	Quota Immigrant Visa (Section 13)	residence-general	Permanent residence once granted, subject to maintaining status.
Socialist Republic of Vietnam	Investor Visa (DT1-DT4)	investor	Validity rises with the tier - the highest tiers run for several years, while the lowest tier is shorter; residence cards align to the tier.
Socialist Republic of Vietnam	Permanent Residence Card	residence-general	Long-term permanent residence, with the card periodically renewed as an identity document.
Socialist Republic of Vietnam	5-year Talent Visa	skilled-migration	A five-year multiple-entry facility, with a capped stay per entry under the scheme terms.
Republic of Colombia	Visa V Nomadas Digitales	digital-nomad	Granted for up to a defined maximum period as a Visitor subcategory; it is not a settlement track and time held does not count toward residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Colombia	Visa M (Migrante)	residence-general	Granted for up to three years depending on the subcategory and renewable; continuous holding accrues toward the Resident (R) visa. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Colombia	Visa M Inversionista / Socio o Propietario	investor	Granted for up to three years and renewable while the investment or business is maintained; M time accrues toward the Resident (R) visa. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Colombia	Visa M Conyuge o Companero de Nacional	family	Granted for up to three years and renewable while the relationship subsists; M time accrues toward the Resident (R) visa. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Colombia	Visa R (Residente)	residence-general	A permanent-residence visa, subject to periodic renewal and the rule that prolonged absence from Colombia can cause it to lapse. Confirm current validity and absence limits on the official page.
Republic of Costa Rica	Temporary Residence - Pensionado (Pensioner)	residence-general	Granted for a defined period (commonly two years) and renewable while the pension is maintained, leading to permanent residence after the qualifying period. Confirm current terms on the official page.
Republic of Costa Rica	Temporary Residence - Rentista (Person of Independent Means)	residence-general	Granted for a defined period (commonly two years) and renewable while the income is maintained, leading to permanent residence after the qualifying period. Confirm current terms on the official page.
Republic of Costa Rica	Temporary Residence - Inversionista (Investor)	investor	Granted for a defined period (commonly two years) and renewable while the investment is maintained, leading to permanent residence after the qualifying period. Confirm current terms on the official page.
Republic of Costa Rica	Estancia - Remote Worker / Service Provider (Ley 10008)	digital-nomad	Granted for one year, renewable once for an additional year; this is a stay (estancia), not a settlement track, and does not lead to permanent residence. Confirm current terms on the official page.
Republic of Costa Rica	Temporary Residence - Family Tie (Vinculo)	family	Granted for a defined period and renewable; the spouse or parent of a Costa Rican can typically reach permanent residence after a shorter qualifying period. Confirm current terms on the official page.
Republic of Costa Rica	Permanent Residence (Residencia Permanente)	residence-general	Settled status, with the DIMEX card renewed periodically; permanent residents may generally work freely. Confirm current renewal and absence rules on the official page.
Republic of Panama	Friendly Nations Residence Permit (Naciones Amigas)	residence-general	2-year provisional (temporary) permit, after which the holder may apply for permanent residence. Confirm current terms on the official SNM page.
Republic of Panama	Qualified Investor Permanent Residence (Inversionista Calificado)	investor	Permanent residence, granted on a direct basis subject to maintaining the qualifying investment for the required term. Confirm current terms on the official SNM page.
Republic of Panama	Retiree-Pensioner Residence (Jubilado / Pensionado)	residence-general	Generally an indefinite permit while the qualifying pension is maintained. Confirm current terms on the official SNM page.
Republic of Panama	Economic Solvency Residence (Solvencia Economica Propia)	investor	Permanent residence subject to maintaining the qualifying investment or deposit for the required term. Confirm current terms on the official SNM page.
Republic of Panama	Married to a Panamanian (Casado con Panameno/a)	family	Leads to permanent residence, generally via an initial provisional period and a genuineness review while the marriage subsists. Confirm current terms on the official SNM page.
Republic of Panama	Permanent Residence (Residencia Permanente)	residence-general	Settled status, subject to periodic renewal of the residence card; prolonged absence from Panama can affect it. Confirm current terms on the official SNM page.
Federal Republic of Nigeria	Business Permit (foreign-owned company)	entrepreneur	A company-level authorisation that remains valid for the operating entity; confirm current validity and renewal terms on the official page.
Federal Republic of Nigeria	Investor Visa (multiple-entry)	investor	Multiple-entry validity that scales with the investment tier (the small-scale tier commonly carries a multi-year stay); confirm current durations on the official page.
Federal Republic of Nigeria	Permanent Residence (Nigeria)	residence-general	Long-term, multi-year residence depending on the category (the Highly Skilled Immigrant Visa carries a multi-year multiple-entry stay); confirm current terms on the official page.
Arab Republic of Egypt	Residence Permit via Real Estate (Egypt)	residence-general	Renewable validity that scales with the property value (commonly one, three or five years); never permanent.
Arab Republic of Egypt	Residence Permit via Bank Deposit (Egypt)	residence-general	Renewable validity that scales with the deposit size (commonly one or three years); never permanent.
Arab Republic of Egypt	Student Residence Permit (Egypt)	study	Tied to the period of study and renewable while enrolled; never permanent.
Arab Republic of Egypt	Citizenship by Investment (Egypt, Law 190 of 2019)	investor	Leads to Egyptian citizenship rather than a residence permit; processing typically runs several months. Confirm current routes on the official page.
Republic of Ghana	GIPC Automatic Immigrant Quota	investor	An enterprise-level quota linked to registered capital; the resulting individual permits are renewable rather than permanent.
Republic of Ghana	Student Residence Permit (Ghana)	study	Tied to the period of study and renewable while enrolled.
Republic of Ghana	Indefinite Residence Status (Ghana)	residence-general	Indefinite residence once granted, subject to the conditions of the status.
Republic of Ghana	Right of Abode (Ghana)	residence-general	Indefinite residence once granted, subject to the conditions of the status.
Kingdom of Bahrain	Self-Sponsorship / Registered Worker Permit	work-unsponsored	Renewable self-sponsorship permit; confirm the current term on the official LMRA page.
Kingdom of Bahrain	Golden Residency	residence-general	Long-term renewable residency (renewable on a multi-year cycle); confirm the current term on the official NPRA page.
Sultanate of Oman	Investor Residency (Golden Visa)	investor	Renewable residence in 5-year or 10-year tiers depending on the investment; confirm the current terms on the official page.
Sultanate of Oman	Freelance / Self-Employed Permit	work-unsponsored	Renewable residence linked to active registration; confirm the current term on the official page.
Georgia	Visa-Free 365-Day Stay (remote workers)	digital-nomad	Up to 365 days from the date of entry for eligible nationalities; it is an entry status, not a renewable permit.
Georgia	Investment Residence Permit	investor	Issued for a longer fixed validity than ordinary temporary permits and renewable; can convert to permanent residence once conditions are met - confirm on the official page.
Georgia	Short-Term Residence Permit (real-estate owners)	residence-general	Short-term and renewable, commonly issued for up to a year at a time - confirm current validity on the official page.
Georgia	Student Residence Permit	study	Tied to the duration of the study programme and renewable while enrolled - confirm current validity on the official page.
Georgia	Permanent Residence Permit	residence-general	Permanent status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.
Republic of Croatia	Digital Nomad Temporary Stay (Croatia)	digital-nomad	Up to 18 months, with limited extension; it does not count toward permanent residence - confirm current rules on the official page.
Republic of Croatia	Temporary Stay for Study (Croatia)	study	Generally granted for up to a year at a time and renewable for the duration of studies - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Croatia	Long-Term Residence / Permanent Stay (Croatia)	residence-general	Permanent status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.
Hungary	White Card (digital nomad residence permit)	digital-nomad	Up to one year, extendable once for a further year - confirm current validity on the official page.
Hungary	Guest Investor Programme (golden visa)	investor	A long fixed validity, renewable, for the guest investor residence permit - confirm current validity on the official page.
Hungary	Study Residence Permit (Hungary)	study	At least one year, or aligned to a shorter course, up to a maximum, renewable while enrolled - confirm current validity on the official page.
Hungary	National Permanent Residence / EC Long-Term Residence (Hungary)	residence-general	Indefinite settlement status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.
Republic of Serbia	Residence via Company Founding / Self-Employment	entrepreneur	Up to three years via the single permit and renewable - confirm current validity on the official portal.
Republic of Serbia	Temporary Residence via Real-Estate Ownership	residence-general	Temporary residence up to three years and renewable while you own the property - confirm current validity on the official portal.
Republic of Serbia	Digital Nomad Pathway	digital-nomad	Tied to the underlying basis, commonly up to three years via the single permit and renewable - confirm current rules on the official portal.
Republic of Serbia	Student Temporary Residence (Serbia)	study	Tied to the study or research programme and renewable while enrolled - confirm current validity on the official portal.
Republic of Serbia	Permanent Residence (Serbia)	residence-general	Permanent status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official portal.
Republic of Ecuador	Temporary Residence - Pensioner (Jubilado)	residence-general	Granted for up to two years and renewable while the pension continues; leads to permanent residence after the qualifying period. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Ecuador	Temporary Residence - Rentista (Independent Income)	residence-general	Granted for up to two years and renewable while the income continues; leads to permanent residence after the qualifying period. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Ecuador	Temporary Residence - Investor (Inversionista)	investor	Granted for up to two years and renewable while the investment is maintained; allows multiple entries with no limit on time abroad while held. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Ecuador	Temporary Residence - Professional (Profesional)	skilled-migration	Granted for up to two years and renewable; leads to permanent residence after the qualifying period of temporary residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Ecuador	Temporary Residence - Digital Nomad (Visa Nomada)	digital-nomad	Granted for a defined temporary period as a remote-work route; confirm current validity and whether it counts toward permanent residence on the official page.
Republic of Ecuador	Permanent Residence (Residencia Permanente)	residence-general	Settled status, renewed periodically; permanent residents may generally live and work freely. Confirm current renewal and absence rules on the official page.
Republic of Paraguay	Temporary Residence (Residencia Temporal, Law 6984/2022)	residence-general	Granted for up to two years and renewable for an equal period; it is a prerequisite for changing category to permanent residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Paraguay	Permanent Residence for Investors (SUACE)	investor	Permanent residence granted directly; the resident card is renewed every 10 years. Confirm current validity and renewal terms on the official page.
Republic of Paraguay	Permanent Residence (Residencia Permanente, 10-year card)	residence-general	Indefinite settled status; the permanent resident card is renewed every 10 years. Confirm current renewal and absence rules on the official page.
Republic of Paraguay	Temporary Residence - Pensioner (Pensionado / Jubilado)	residence-general	Granted as temporary residence for up to two years and renewable; converts to permanent residence after the temporary-residence period. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Paraguay	Temporary Residence - Independent Means (Renta Propia)	residence-general	Granted as temporary residence for up to two years and renewable; converts to permanent residence after the temporary-residence period. Confirm current validity on the official page.
People's Republic of China	K Visa (young science and technology talent)	work-unsponsored	Indicative only. The K visa is described as offering more flexibility on entries, validity and length of stay than the existing ordinary categories; confirm the current terms on the official page.
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka	Digital Nomad Visa	digital-nomad	Up to one year, renewable annually while you continue to meet the eligibility and compliance conditions; later renewals may require proof of Sri Lankan tax registration.
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka	My Dream Home Visa Programme (retirement / long-stay residence)	residence-general	Issued in two-year blocks and renewable while you continue to meet the conditions.
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka	Residence Visa (Investor Category)	investor	Tied to the approved investment; generally issued for a defined period and renewable while the investment and your involvement continue.
Barbados	12-Month Barbados Welcome Stamp	digital-nomad	Up to 12 months, with the option to reapply; it is a temporary remote-work visa and does not lead to permanent residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Barbados	Barbados Immigrant Status	residence-general	A long-term, settled status once granted; subject to the conditions the Immigration Department attaches. Confirm current validity and conditions on the official page.
Barbados	Special Entry and Reside Permit (SERP)	residence-general	Long-stay, with validity that varies by category (some categories are granted on an indefinite basis); confirm the current terms for your category on the official page.
Commonwealth of The Bahamas	Bahamas Economic Permanent Residence	residence-general	Permanent residence once granted, conditional on maintaining the qualifying investment for the required period; confirm current conditions on the official page.
Commonwealth of The Bahamas	Bahamas Extended Access Travel Stay (BEATS)	digital-nomad	Up to one year, renewable; this is a temporary remote-work permit and does not lead to permanent residence. Confirm current validity and renewal on the official page.
Commonwealth of The Bahamas	Bahamas Annual Residence Permit	residence-general	Granted for a year at a time and renewable; it is a non-working residence permit and does not by itself lead to permanent residence. Confirm current terms on the official page.
Commonwealth of The Bahamas	Bahamas Homeowner Residence Card	residence-general	Valid while the qualifying property is owned and the card is kept current; it is tied to home ownership and does not by itself lead to permanent residence. Confirm current terms on the official page.
Dominican Republic	Residence by Investment - Pensionado (Retiree)	residence-general	A fast-track residence route: pensioners are typically granted a permanent-residence card from the first card rather than a long temporary period. Confirm current terms on the official page.
Dominican Republic	Residence by Investment - Rentista (Annuitant)	residence-general	A fast-track residence route: rentistas are typically granted a permanent-residence card from the first card rather than a long temporary period. Confirm current terms on the official page.
Dominican Republic	Residence by Investment - Investor	investor	A fast-track residence route: investors are typically granted a permanent-residence card from the first card rather than a long temporary period. Confirm current terms on the official page.
Dominican Republic	Ordinary Temporary Residence (RT-9)	residence-general	Generally granted for one year and renewed annually; the standard path is to renew RT-9 for the required period before changing to permanent residence. Confirm current terms on the official page.
Dominican Republic	Permanent Residence (RP-1)	residence-general	Settled status: a permanent-residence card is issued (commonly for one year initially, then renewed for several years at a time). Confirm current validity and renewal on the official page.
Cayman Islands (British Overseas Territory)	Residency Certificate for Persons of Independent Means	residence-general	Issued for a long term (commonly 25 years) and renewable, but it does NOT confer permanent residence; it carries no right to work. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Cayman Islands (British Overseas Territory)	Certificate of Permanent Residence for Persons of Independent Means	residence-general	Permanent residence (settled status) once granted, subject to maintaining the qualifying investment; allocations are subject to an annual quota. Confirm current conditions on the official page.
Cayman Islands (British Overseas Territory)	Global Citizen Concierge Programme (GCCP)	digital-nomad	When open, granted for up to a defined period (reported as up to two years); it is a temporary remote-work certificate and does not lead to permanent residence. Verify the live status before relying on it.
Republic of Bulgaria	Continuous (Long-Term) Residence Permit	residence-general	Generally up to one year at a time and renewable each year while your qualifying ground continues - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Bulgaria	Residence by Investment	investor	A continuous residence card is generally issued first and can convert to permanent residence at higher tiers; confirm current rules on the official page.
Republic of Bulgaria	Residence Permit for Study (Bulgaria)	study	Tied to your course and renewable while you remain enrolled - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Bulgaria	Permanent Residence (Bulgaria)	residence-general	Indefinite status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.
Romania	Digital Nomad Visa (Romania)	digital-nomad	A long-stay visa with a matching residence permit, renewable while you still qualify - confirm current validity on the official page.
Romania	Residency by Investment / Business Activities (Romania)	investor	Residence is tied to the business activity and renewable; a longer right to stay can follow at higher investment or job-creation levels - confirm current rules on the official page.
Romania	Residence Permit for Studies (Romania)	study	Tied to your course and renewable while you remain enrolled - confirm current validity on the official page.
Romania	EU Long-Term Residence (Romania)	residence-general	Long validity (longer for family members of a Romanian citizen), renewable - confirm current rules on the official page.
Republic of Armenia	Temporary Residence for Business / Self-Employment	entrepreneur	Temporary status, commonly granted for one year at a time and renewable; biometric cards from 1 August 2026 - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Armenia	Residence for Ethnic Armenians (by descent)	residence-general	Issued as temporary or permanent residence on the basis of descent; the long-validity special status closes to new applicants after July 2026 - confirm current rules on the official page.
Republic of Armenia	Temporary Residence for Study (Armenia)	study	Tied to your course and renewable while enrolled; biometric cards from 1 August 2026 - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Armenia	Permanent Residence (Armenia)	residence-general	A five-year card with renewal options under the 2026 reform - confirm current rules on the official page.
Republic of Albania	Unique Permit for Investors	investor	Tied to the investment and renewable; permanent residence follows after five continuous years - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Albania	Residence by Real-Estate Ownership	residence-general	Renewable while you own the qualifying property; not a direct settlement route on its own - confirm current rules on the official page.
Republic of Albania	Residence Permit for Studies (Albania)	study	Tied to your course and renewable while enrolled - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Albania	Permanent Residence (Albania)	residence-general	Long validity after five continuous years of lawful residence, renewable - confirm current rules on the official page.
Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis	St Kitts and Nevis CBI - Sustainable Island State Contribution	citizenship-by-investment	Full citizenship, granted for life and transmissible to future generations, once the contribution is made and the application is approved.
Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis	St Kitts and Nevis CBI - Approved Real Estate	citizenship-by-investment	Full citizenship for life; the qualifying property must be held for a minimum period (historically several years) before it can be resold under the programme.
Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis	St Kitts and Nevis CBI - Public Benefit Option	citizenship-by-investment	Full citizenship, granted for life and transmissible to future generations, once the qualifying investment is made and the application is approved.
Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis	St Kitts and Nevis Permanent Residence	residence-general	Indefinite right to reside once granted; a separate work permit may still be needed to work.
Antigua and Barbuda	Antigua and Barbuda CBI - National Development Fund	citizenship-by-investment	Full citizenship once the contribution is made and the application is approved; a short physical-presence step applies in the early years (see FAQ).
Antigua and Barbuda	Antigua and Barbuda CBI - Approved Real Estate	citizenship-by-investment	Full citizenship; the qualifying property must be held for a minimum period before it can be resold under the programme.
Antigua and Barbuda	Antigua and Barbuda CBI - University of the West Indies Fund	citizenship-by-investment	Full citizenship once the contribution is made and the application is approved; the early-years physical-presence step applies.
Antigua and Barbuda	Antigua and Barbuda CBI - Business Investment	citizenship-by-investment	Full citizenship once the qualifying business investment is made and the application is approved; the early-years physical-presence step applies.
Commonwealth of Dominica	Dominica CBI - Economic Diversification Fund	citizenship-by-investment	Full citizenship once the contribution is made and the application is approved.
Commonwealth of Dominica	Dominica CBI - Approved Real Estate	citizenship-by-investment	Full citizenship; the qualifying property must be held for a minimum period before it can be resold under the programme.
Commonwealth of Dominica	Dominica Permanent Residence	residence-general	Indefinite right to reside once granted; a separate work permit may still be needed to work.
Grenada	Grenada CBI - National Transformation Fund	citizenship-by-investment	Full citizenship once the contribution is made and the application is approved.
Grenada	Grenada CBI - Approved Real Estate	citizenship-by-investment	Full citizenship; the qualifying property must be held for a minimum period before it can be resold under the programme.
Grenada	Grenada Permanent Residence	residence-general	Right to reside in Grenada once granted; a separate work permit is generally still needed to work.
Saint Lucia	Saint Lucia CBI - National Economic Fund	citizenship-by-investment	Full citizenship once the contribution is made and the application is approved.
Saint Lucia	Saint Lucia CBI - Government Bonds	citizenship-by-investment	Full citizenship; the bonds are held for a fixed period (historically five years) before the capital is returned.
Saint Lucia	Saint Lucia CBI - Approved Real Estate	citizenship-by-investment	Full citizenship; the qualifying property must be held for a minimum period before it can be resold under the programme.
Saint Lucia	Saint Lucia CBI - Enterprise Project	citizenship-by-investment	Full citizenship once the qualifying enterprise investment is made and the application is approved.
Saint Lucia	Saint Lucia Permanent Residence	residence-general	Indefinite right to reside once granted; a separate work permit may still be needed to work.
Kingdom of Morocco	Long-stay Visa (Visa D)	residence-general	A long-stay entry visa used to enter Morocco and then register for a residence card; confirm validity and conditions on the official page.
Kingdom of Morocco	Self-funded Residence Card (retirees and people of independent means)	residence-general	A renewable residence card in a non-working category, commonly issued for one to several years; confirm current validity on the official page.
Kingdom of Morocco	Student Residence Card (carte de sejour, etudiant)	study	A renewable residence card tied to your period of study; confirm current validity on the official page.
Kingdom of Morocco	Permanent Residence Card (carte de residence, 10-year)	residence-general	A longer-term residence card, typically valid for ten years and renewable; confirm the current validity and qualifying period on the official page.
Republic of Rwanda	Investor Permit (Class A-1 / B-1)	investor	Issued for a period tied to the investment class and renewable; can support a longer-term residence pathway. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Rwanda	Business / Entrepreneur Permit	entrepreneur	Issued for a renewable period tied to the business; confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Rwanda	Temporary Resident Permit	residence-general	A renewable residence permit issued for a period set by the class; confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Rwanda	Permanent Residence Permit	residence-general	Long-term, durable residence beyond the renewable temporary permits; confirm the current validity and qualifying period on the official page.
Republic of Rwanda	Student Permit (Study and Research)	study	A renewable permit tied to your period of study or research; confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Botswana	Investor Work Permit	investor	Issued for a fixed period tied to the investment and renewable; confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Botswana	Residence Permit	residence-general	A renewable permit issued for a set period that depends on the category; confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Botswana	Permanent Residence	residence-general	Durable, long-term residence beyond the renewable permits, granted at the authorities' discretion; confirm the current validity and qualifying period on the official page.
Republic of Kazakhstan	Neo Nomad Visa (B12-1)	digital-nomad	Issued for up to around a year with the possibility of in-country extension; it is a stay route, not a settlement route.
Republic of Kazakhstan	Temporary Residence Permit	residence-general	Issued for a defined period linked to your purpose of stay and renewable while that purpose continues.
Republic of Kazakhstan	Study Residence (foreign students)	study	Linked to the length of your course and renewable while you remain enrolled.
Kingdom of Cambodia	ER Retirement Visa (E-class retirement sub-class)	residence-general	Extensions are typically issued in periods such as 6 or 12 months and renewed to stay long term; there is no permanent-residence status to reach.
Kingdom of Cambodia	EG Job-Seeking Visa (E-class job-seeking sub-class)	work-unsponsored	Extensions are typically issued in shorter periods such as 1, 3 or 6 months while you are getting established; renewable, with no settled status to reach.
Kingdom of Cambodia	ES Student Visa (E-class student sub-class)	study	Renewable for the length of your studies as long as you stay enrolled at a registered school; no permanent-residence status to reach.
Republic of Uzbekistan	Golden Visa (5-year residence for investment)	investor	A five-year residence permit under the programme, renewable in line with the rules; confirm the current terms on the official page.
Republic of Uzbekistan	IT Visa (IT Park founders and specialists)	skilled-migration	A multiple-entry route issued for an extended period (commonly up to a few years) and renewable; confirm the current validity on the official page.
Republic of Uzbekistan	Residence through Qualifying Property Purchase	residence-general	A residence permit linked to your qualifying property, typically issued for a multi-year period and renewable; confirm the current terms on the official page.
Republic of Uzbekistan	Residence Permit (long-term, vid na zhitelstvo)	residence-general	Typically issued for a multi-year period (commonly around five years) and renewable, with longer validity possible for older applicants; confirm on the official page.
Republic of Uzbekistan	Student Visa and Residence	study	Typically issued for around a year at a time at the institution's request and renewable for the length of your course.
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal	Business Visa (foreign investors and representatives)	investor	Issued for periods from around a month up to a year, and in some cases for several years at a time, renewable while the business continues.
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal	Residential Visa (long-stay, proof of income)	residence-general	A renewable long-stay residential status (commonly issued annually); it is not a permanent-residence or citizenship route for ordinary foreigners.
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal	Non-Resident Nepali (NRN) Visa	residence-general	A long-stay route - the amended law allows issuance for up to ten years while your NRN card remains valid, and free of charge for eligible holders.
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal	Study Visa (foreign students)	study	Typically issued for up to a year at a time, in line with the recommendation or length of study, and renewable while you remain enrolled.
Montenegro	Digital Nomad Temporary Residence (Montenegro)	digital-nomad	Issued for up to two years and extendable for up to two more, within the life of the programme - confirm current validity on the official page.
Montenegro	Residence by Property Ownership (Montenegro)	residence-general	Commonly issued for up to one year at a time and renewable while you own the qualifying property - confirm current validity on the official page.
Montenegro	Temporary Residence for Study (Montenegro)	study	Tied to your course and renewable while you remain enrolled - confirm current validity on the official page.
Montenegro	Permanent Residence (Montenegro)	residence-general	Longer-term status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.
Republic of Moldova	Digital Nomad Visa (Moldova)	digital-nomad	Allows you to live in Moldova for up to two years, with renewal possible while you still qualify - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Moldova	Temporary Residence for Investors (Moldova)	investor	Can be granted for periods that scale with the investment or jobs created, and is renewable - confirm current rules on the official page.
Republic of Moldova	Temporary Residence for Study (Moldova)	study	Tied to your study contract and renewable while you remain enrolled - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Moldova	Permanent Residence (Moldova)	residence-general	Longer-term status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.
Republic of Slovenia	Digital Nomad Temporary Residence Permit (Slovenia)	digital-nomad	Up to one year and non-renewable; you may reapply six months after it expires - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Slovenia	Temporary Residence for Study (Slovenia)	study	Tied to your course and renewable while you remain enrolled - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Slovenia	Permanent Residence (Slovenia)	residence-general	Long-term status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.
Republic of Peru	Rentista (Independent Means / Passive Income)	residence-general	Granted as a resident category for people of permanent income; the rentista category is associated with indefinite permanence. Confirm current validity and renewal terms on the official page.
Republic of Peru	Investor (Inversionista)	investor	Commonly granted for 365 days and renewable while the investment is maintained; counts toward permanent residence after three consecutive years. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Peru	Digital Nomad (Nomada Digital)	digital-nomad	Designed around a stay of up to 365 days with possible extension, but not yet available in practice. Confirm whether it is implementable on the official page.
Republic of Peru	Permanent Resident (Residente Permanente)	residence-general	Settled status, renewed periodically; permanent residents may generally live and work freely. Confirm current renewal and absence rules on the official page.
Republic of El Salvador	Investor Temporary Residence	investor	Generally granted for up to two years and renewable for an equal period; can lead to permanent residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of El Salvador	Rentista Temporary Residence (Stable Foreign Income)	residence-general	Generally granted for up to two years and renewable for an equal period; can lead to permanent residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of El Salvador	Pensionado Temporary Residence (Retiree)	residence-general	Generally granted for up to two years and renewable for an equal period; can lead to permanent residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of El Salvador	Freedom Visa (Citizenship by Investment)	citizenship-by-investment	Grants Salvadoran citizenship if approved; the programme describes no physical-residence requirement to maintain it. Confirm current conditions on the official page.
Republic of El Salvador	Permanent Residence (Residencia Definitiva)	residence-general	Permanent settled status; the card is renewed (refrenda) for periods set by the rules, and absence of up to two years is generally permitted. Confirm current renewal and absence rules on the official page.
Republic of Fiji	Investor Permit for Non-Citizen Investors	investor	Tiered - a larger qualifying investment supports a longer multi-year permit and a smaller approved investment a shorter one; renewable while the business operates. Confirm current tiers on the official page.
Republic of Fiji	Residence Permit on Assured Income	residence-general	Granted as a renewable residence permit while the assured income and deposit conditions continue. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Fiji	Special Purpose / Co-Extensive Permit to Reside with a Family Member	family	Tied to the principal permit holder's permit and renewed alongside it; family members of citizens are usually granted under a separate exemption. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Fiji	Student Permit	study	Granted to cover your period of study and renewed as the course continues. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Fiji	Permanent Residence	residence-general	Settled status held long term once granted, normally after a qualifying period on other permits. Confirm current validity and conditions on the official page.
Jamaica	Permanent Residence via Employment	residence-general	Settled residence status once granted; applications are commonly described as taking around three to six months to process. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Jamaica	Permanent Residence for Retirees	residence-general	Settled residence status once granted; applications are commonly described as taking around three to six months to process. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Jamaica	Unconditional Landing	residence-general	Valid for the life of the foreign passport it is stamped in, then transferred to a new passport. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Jamaica	Remote Work Stay (oriented to US passport holders)	digital-nomad	Arranged through PICA extension of stay; commonly described as an initial period that can be extended. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Jamaica	Marriage Exemption Certificate (spouse of a Jamaican)	family	Held while the certificate is valid; PICA endorses the matching stay in your passport. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Jamaica	Student Stay (Extension of Stay for Students)	study	Granted to cover the duration of your programme of study, or up to your passport's expiry. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan	Annual Residence for Five Years (Renewable)	residence-general	Granted as a renewable five-year residence permit; it is not permanent residence. Confirm current validity and renewal conditions on the official page.
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan	Investor Residency (Qualifying Real-Estate Purchase)	investor	A renewable residence permit tied to continued ownership of the qualifying property; it is a residence route, not citizenship. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan	Self-Funded ("Workless") Residency with Bank Deposit	residence-general	A renewable residence permit while the deposit (or property) condition is maintained. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan	Family / Follower Residency	family	Generally valid for one year and renewed annually, tied to the primary resident's status. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan	Study Residency	study	Generally valid for one year and renewed annually as your studies continue. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Iceland	Residence Permit for Students (Iceland)	study	Granted for up to one year at a time and renewable while you stay enrolled - confirm current validity on the official page.
Iceland	Long-Term Visa for Remote Work (Iceland)	digital-nomad	A single stay of 90 to 180 days, generally not repeatable within twelve months - confirm current validity on the official page.
Iceland	Permanent Residence Permit (Iceland)	residence-general	Longer-term status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.
Republic of Lithuania	Startup Visa (Lithuania)	entrepreneur	Commonly issued for one year first and extendable while the startup progresses - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Lithuania	Temporary Residence for Business or Self-Employment (Lithuania)	entrepreneur	Commonly issued for up to two years and renewable while the business stays genuine and active - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Lithuania	Temporary Residence for Study (Lithuania)	study	Tied to your course and renewable while you stay enrolled - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Lithuania	Permanent Residence / EU Long-Term Resident Status (Lithuania)	residence-general	Longer-term status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.
Republic of Latvia	Startup Residence Permit (Latvia)	entrepreneur	Commonly issued for an initial period and extendable while you actively develop the product - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Latvia	Investor Residence Permit / Golden Visa (Latvia)	investor	Tied to maintaining the qualifying investment and renewable - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Latvia	Digital Nomad Visa (Latvia)	digital-nomad	Issued for up to one year and renewable once for a further year - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Latvia	Temporary Residence for Study (Latvia)	study	Tied to your course and renewable while you stay enrolled - confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Latvia	Permanent Residence / EU Long-Term Resident Status (Latvia)	residence-general	Longer-term status, subject to conditions on continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.
Slovak Republic	Temporary Residence for Business / Self-Employment (Slovakia)	entrepreneur	Fixed at three years under the 2025 reform and subject to the annual quota - confirm current validity on the official page.
Slovak Republic	Temporary Residence for Study (Slovakia)	study	Can be granted for up to six years for study, tied to your course and renewable while you stay enrolled - confirm current validity on the official page.
Slovak Republic	Permanent Residence (Slovakia)	residence-general	A first permanent-residence permit followed by longer or unlimited status, subject to conditions - confirm current rules on the official page.
Principality of Liechtenstein	Residence Permit B without Gainful Employment (Liechtenstein)	residence-general	Commonly issued for an initial period and renewable while you keep qualifying; the annual quota is very small - confirm current validity on the official page.
Principality of Liechtenstein	Settlement Permit C (Liechtenstein)	residence-general	Longer-term settlement status with fewer conditions than Permit B, subject to continued residence - confirm current rules on the official page.
United Republic of Tanzania	Residence Permit Class A (self-employed and investors)	investor	A renewable residence permit tied to your business or investment; standard validity is fairly short and renewed, though high-value investors may secure longer validity. Confirm current validity on the official page.
United Republic of Tanzania	Residence Permit Class C (students, retirees, researchers, missionaries)	residence-general	A renewable residence permit tied to your purpose of stay; any single residence permit class has a fairly short maximum validity and is renewed. Confirm current validity on the official page.
United Republic of Tanzania	Long-tenure Residence (high-value investors, discretionary)	residence-general	Discretionary long-tenure residence for high-value investors; the official position notes total validity may exceed ten years in such cases. Confirm the current position on the official page.
Republic of Namibia	Permanent Residence Permit (PRP)	residence-general	Durable, long-term residence beyond the renewable temporary permits; confirm the current qualifying basis on the official page.
Republic of Namibia	Investor Residence (qualifying investment)	investor	A renewable residence permit tied to your investment and business; after operating long enough you may become eligible to apply for permanent residence. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Namibia	Retirement Permanent Residence (substantial means)	residence-general	A permanent residence basis for retirees of substantial means; confirm the current qualifying basis on the official page.
Republic of Namibia	Digital Nomad Visa (NIPDB)	digital-nomad	A short stay of around six months; the current official position is that it is non-renewable, with reapplication only after a waiting period. It does not lead to permanent residence - confirm the latest rules on the official page.
Republic of Namibia	Study Permit	study	A renewable study permit tied to your period of study; confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Azerbaijan	Temporary Residence Permit (investment, real estate or deposit)	investor	A temporary residence permit issued for a defined period (often up to a year) and renewable while the qualifying basis continues; it can lead toward permanent residence after about two years.
Republic of Azerbaijan	Permanent Residence Permit	residence-general	Confirms permanent residence; the permit is generally issued for a multi-year period (often around five years) and renewable while you keep your status.
Republic of Azerbaijan	Temporary Residence Permit (students)	study	Linked to the length of your course and renewable while you remain enrolled; it is a study route rather than a settlement route.
Mongolia	Investor Residence (foreign-invested company)	investor	Granted for a defined period linked to your investment or role and extendable; years of qualifying residence can count toward permanent residence.
Mongolia	Student Residence (foreign students)	study	Linked to the length of your course and renewable while you remain enrolled; it is a study route rather than a settlement route.
Mongolia	Permanent Residence	residence-general	Confirms long-term residence and is renewed in line with the rules; it is a settlement status but does not lead to citizenship.
Brunei Darussalam	Long-Term Pass (social, business or professional)	residence-general	A multi-year pass (reported as up to several years) with multiple entry; it is a long-stay route rather than a settlement status.
Brunei Darussalam	Entry Permit (route toward permanent resident status)	residence-general	The route toward permanent resident status; once granted, permanent residence is a settled status with re-entry permits issued and renewed under the rules.
Brunei Darussalam	Permanent Residence (discretionary, long-term)	residence-general	A long-term settled status; in practice it is typically reached only after many years (often around fifteen) and is granted at the authorities' discretion.
Brunei Darussalam	Student Pass (foreign students)	study	Linked to the length of your course and renewable while you remain enrolled; it is a study route rather than a settlement route.
Republic of Trinidad and Tobago	Residence after Five Years (Permanent Residence)	residence-general	Grants resident status under the Immigration Act; confirm current validity, renewal and the right to remain on the official page.
Republic of Trinidad and Tobago	CARICOM Skills Certificate (Free Movement)	work-unsponsored	Allows an initial entry stamp followed by an indefinite stay once the certificate is verified; can lead toward settled status. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Trinidad and Tobago	Student Permit	study	Granted to cover your course or academic period and renewable while you remain enrolled; a student permit does not lead to settlement. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Belize	Qualified Retirement Program (QRP)	residence-general	Grants a QRP resident card renewed annually for as long as you keep qualifying; it is residency, not citizenship, and generally does not count toward permanent residence. Confirm current conditions on the official page.
Belize	Temporary Residence	residence-general	Held during your legal residence in Belize and renewed as required; it leads toward permanent residence once the qualifying period is completed. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Belize	Permanent Residence	residence-general	Grants settled permanent residence; reachable after about a year of legal residence with strict absence limits. Confirm current validity and renewal on the official page.
Belize	Student Permit	study	Issued for a school year at primary and secondary level, or a semester at tertiary level, and renewed while you remain enrolled; it does not lead to settlement. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Guatemala	Temporary Residence - Rentista or Pensionado	residence-general	Granted as a renewable temporary residence; income is typically re-evidenced periodically and time counts toward permanent residence after about five years. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Guatemala	Temporary Residence - Investor (Residencia Inversionista)	investor	Granted as a renewable temporary residence while the investment is maintained; counts toward permanent residence after about five years. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Guatemala	Temporary Residence - Digital Nomad (Residencia Nomada Digital)	digital-nomad	Typically granted for a year and renewed annually; time held counts toward permanent residence after about five years. Confirm current validity on the official page.
Republic of Guatemala	Permanent Residence (Residencia Permanente)	residence-general	Grants settled permanent residence, renewed periodically; reachable after about five years of legal residence. Confirm current validity and renewal on the official page.
State of Kuwait	Investor Residency (long-term, up to ~15 years)	investor	Long-term renewable residency of up to around 15 years for qualifying licensed investors; still fixed-term, not permanent. Confirm the current term on the official Ministry of Interior page.
State of Kuwait	Property-Owner Residency (long-term, up to ~10 years)	residence-general	Long-term renewable residency of up to around 10 years for qualifying property owners; still fixed-term, not permanent. Confirm the current term on the official Ministry of Interior page.
Republic of Vanuatu	Residence Visa (Self-funded ground)	residence-general	Issued for set periods and renewable while you keep meeting the income condition. Confirm the current bands on the official Department of Immigration page.
Republic of Vanuatu	Residence Visa (Foreign Investor ground)	investor	Issued for set periods and renewable while you hold a valid VIPA certificate and the investment continues. Confirm the current bands on the official Department of Immigration page.
Republic of Vanuatu	Residence Visa (Leasehold Holder ground)	residence-general	Issued for set periods and renewable while you maintain the qualifying leasehold and income. Confirm the current bands on the official Department of Immigration page.
Republic of Vanuatu	Permanent Resident Visa	residence-general	Longer-term permanent residence status, subject to the conditions and any renewal or reporting requirements set by the Department. Confirm the current terms on the official Department of Immigration page.
Republic of Vanuatu	Development Support Program (citizenship by investment)	citizenship-by-investment	Grants citizenship, not a time-limited residence; the underlying programme rules can change. Confirm the current rules with the Vanuatu Citizenship Office.

Every row links to a visa page where the underlying primary source and last-reviewed date are shown.

Frequently asked questions

Which work visas do not require an employer sponsor?+

Points-based skilled migration (Canada Express Entry, Australia 189), opportunity and job-seeker permits (Germany's Chancenkarte, the Netherlands Orientation Year), self-employment and freelance routes, and digital-nomad visas all let you apply without a pre-arranged employer.

Is it easier to get a visa without a sponsor?+

Not necessarily. Removing the employer requirement usually shifts the burden onto you directly: a passing points score, recognised qualifications, savings, or reputational endorsement. No-sponsor routes are best when you cannot line up an employer in advance, not because they are a lower bar.

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