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Visa Atlas

A free, independent field guide to moving countries. Every figure links to its official government source.

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  1. Home/
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  3. Family

Family and partner visas — joining a spouse, partner, or parent abroad

Family routes allow joining a citizen or permanent resident sponsor in the destination. They cover spouses, civil and de-facto partners, dependent children, and — in some jurisdictions — parents and extended family. Rules on minimum-income requirements for the sponsor vary widely.

Typical characteristics

  • Genuine-relationship evidence is a central test.
  • Most destinations require a minimum-income test on the sponsor.
  • Most routes lead to permanent residence after 2–5 years.
  • Parent sponsorship (Canada, Australia) typically requires higher income thresholds or lottery entry.

🇬🇧United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland(1 route)

  • Family visa (partner/spouse)

    Visa for partners of British citizens, settled persons, or certain other qualifying sponsors.

🇮🇪Republic of Ireland(1 route)

  • Join Family (Irish national or EEA national)

    Family reunification permission for spouses, civil partners, and dependants of Irish or EEA nationals resident in Ireland.

🇩🇪Federal Republic of Germany(1 route)

  • Family reunion residence permit

    Residence permit for spouses and children of German residents or citizens.

🇵🇹Portuguese Republic(1 route)

  • Family reunification (residence)

    Residence authorisation for family members of legal residents in Portugal.

🇪🇸Kingdom of Spain(1 route)

  • Family reunification (Spain)

    Residence permit for family members of Spanish residents; arreigo (settled-status) routes also available.

🇳🇱Kingdom of the Netherlands(1 route)

  • Partner residence (Dutch national or resident sponsor)

    Residence permit for partners, spouses, and registered partners of Dutch residents and citizens.

🇨🇦Canada(1 route)

  • Spousal / common-law sponsorship (Canada)

    Permanent residence sponsorship of spouses, common-law partners, or conjugal partners by Canadian citizens or permanent residents.

🇦🇺Commonwealth of Australia(1 route)

  • Partner visa (subclass 820/801, 309/100)

    Residence visa for spouses and de facto partners of Australian citizens, permanent residents, or eligible New Zealand citizens.

🇺🇸United States of America(2 routes)

  • K-1 Fiancé(e) of US Citizen

    Non-immigrant visa allowing the fiancé(e) of a US citizen to enter the US to marry within 90 days and then apply for a green card.

  • Spouse of US Citizen or Green Card Holder (IR1/CR1 & F2A)

    Permanent residence for the spouse of a US citizen (IR1/CR1) or lawful permanent resident (F2A preference).

🇸🇬Republic of Singapore(1 route)

  • Dependant's Pass (DP)

    Pass for spouses and children of EP, S Pass, EntrePass, or PEP holders meeting the minimum salary threshold.

🇳🇿New Zealand(1 route)

  • Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa

    Residence visa for partners (married, civil union, or de facto) of New Zealand citizens or residents.

🇫🇷French Republic(1 route)

  • Family Reunification (Regroupement Familial)

    Residence permit for spouses and children of non-EU residents legally settled in France for at least 18 months.

🇨🇭Swiss Confederation(1 route)

  • Family Reunification (Familiennachzug)

    Residence permit for spouses and children of B and C permit holders — conditions vary by the sponsor's permit type and nationality.

🇰🇷Republic of Korea(1 route)

  • F-1 Family Visitation / F-3 Dependent Family

    Residence permits for family members of work-visa and student-visa holders in Korea — F-3 for dependents of E-series workers, F-1 for extended family visits.

🇦🇹Republic of Austria(1 route)

  • Family Reunification (Familiennachzug)

    Residence permit for spouses and children of RWR Card, Blue Card, and permanent residents — spouses receive work rights via the RWR Card Plus.

🇩🇰Kingdom of Denmark(1 route)

  • Family Reunification (Familiesammenfoering)

    Residence permit for spouses and children of residents in Denmark — includes an attachment requirement and financial conditions.

🇲🇽United Mexican States(1 route)

  • Visa by family unit

    Mexican family-unity visa route for qualifying relatives of Mexican citizens or foreign residents.

🇧🇷Federative Republic of Brazil(1 route)

  • Family reunion residence (VITEM XI)

    Residence authorization for family members of Brazilian nationals or of immigrants who hold residence in Brazil, under Interministerial Ordinance 12/2018.

🇦🇷Argentine Republic(1 route)

  • Temporary Residence by Family Reunification

    Temporary residence for the spouse, parents and children of an Argentine citizen or of a temporary or permanent resident.

🇨🇱Republic of Chile(1 route)

  • Temporary Residence - Family Reunification

    Temporary residence subcategory for close family members of Chilean citizens or holders of Residencia Definitiva.

🇺🇾Oriental Republic of Uruguay(1 route)

  • Permanent Residence by Uruguayan Family Link

    Permanent residence for foreign nationals who are the child, spouse, registered partner or sibling of a Uruguayan.

🇿🇦Republic of South Africa(1 route)

  • Relative's Visa

    Family-reunion visa for immediate family members of a South African citizen or permanent resident, supported by proof of financial assurance.

🇰🇪Republic of Kenya(1 route)

  • Dependant's Pass

    Pass for a dependant of a Kenyan citizen, a work-permit holder, a permanent resident or an exempted person.

🇭🇰Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China(1 route)

  • Entry for Residence as Dependants

    Route for spouses, civil partners, dependent children and (for permanent-resident sponsors) elderly parents to reside in Hong Kong.

🇹🇭Kingdom of Thailand(1 route)

  • Non-Immigrant Visa "O" (Family / Spouse of Thai National)

    A family visa for foreigners married to Thai nationals or accompanying close family, with an initial 90-day stay extendable yearly; it does not grant the right to work.

🇶🇦State of Qatar(1 route)

  • Family Residence Visa

    Allows an expatriate resident in Qatar to sponsor immediate family members. Each family member, including infants, requires an individual Family Residence Visa.

🇮🇱State of Israel(1 route)

  • Status through Marriage to an Israeli Citizen or Permanent Resident

    Graduated procedure through which the foreign spouse or partner of an Israeli citizen or permanent resident obtains legal status, progressing over several years toward permanent residence or citizenship.

🇹🇷Republic of Türkiye(1 route)

  • Turkey Family Residence Permit

    Residence permit for the foreign spouse, children, and dependent family members of a Turkish citizen or of a residence-permit holder, issued by the Presidency of Migration Management.

🇮🇩Republic of Indonesia(1 route)

  • Family / Spouse KITAS

    Limited stay permit for the foreign spouse or dependent family of an Indonesian citizen or of a KITAS/KITAP holder.

🇵🇭Republic of the Philippines(1 route)

  • 13(A) Non-Quota Immigrant Visa by Marriage

    Permanent-residence immigrant visa for a foreign national married to a Filipino citizen.

🇻🇳Socialist Republic of Vietnam(1 route)

  • Family / Dependent Visa (TT)

    Dependent visa for the spouse, children or parents of certain visa holders or of Vietnamese citizens.

🇨🇴Republic of Colombia(1 route)

  • Visa M Conyuge o Companero de Nacional

    The Migrant (M) visa for the spouse or permanent partner of a Colombian national.

🇨🇷Republic of Costa Rica(1 route)

  • Temporary Residence - Family Tie (Vinculo)

    Temporary residence based on a family tie (vinculo) to a Costa Rican or to a legal resident.

🇵🇦Republic of Panama(1 route)

  • Married to a Panamanian (Casado con Panameno/a)

    Residence for the foreign spouse of a Panamanian citizen, leading to permanent residence.

🇪🇬Arab Republic of Egypt(1 route)

  • Family Residence Permit (Egypt)

    A residence permit for the spouse and dependent children of an Egyptian national or a foreign resident, tied to the family relationship and renewable, but never permanent.

🇬🇭Republic of Ghana(1 route)

  • Dependant Residence Permit (Ghana)

    A residence permit for the spouse and dependent children of a foreign national who holds a Ghana work and residence permit or other qualifying status, tied to the sponsor and renewable.

🇧🇭Kingdom of Bahrain(1 route)

  • Family / Dependant Residence Permit

    Residence permit allowing an expatriate resident in Bahrain to sponsor a spouse, children and certain dependants, issued through the NPRA / LMRA residence services.

🇴🇲Sultanate of Oman(1 route)

  • Family Joining Visa

    Visa allowing an eligible expatriate employee in Oman to sponsor their spouse and dependent children, issued by the Royal Oman Police. It is sponsor-linked residence, not permanent settlement.

🇬🇪Georgia(1 route)

  • Family Reunification Residence Permit

    A residence permit for family members of a Georgian residence-permit holder or, in some cases, a Georgian citizen.

🇭🇷Republic of Croatia(1 route)

  • Temporary Stay for Family Reunification (Croatia)

    A temporary stay for family members of a third-country national who already holds a qualifying stay in Croatia.

🇭🇺Hungary(1 route)

  • Family Reunification Residence Permit (Hungary)

    A residence permit for family members of a third-country national lawfully residing in Hungary, with validity that depends on the sponsor's status.

🇷🇸Republic of Serbia(1 route)

  • Family Reunification Temporary Residence (Serbia)

    Temporary residence for family members of a Serbian citizen or a foreign national lawfully residing in Serbia.

🇨🇳People's Republic of China(1 route)

  • Q Family Reunion Visa (Q1 and Q2)

    For you if you are family of a Chinese citizen or a permanent resident of China: the Q visa is the family-reunion route, with a long-stay Q1 (leading to a residence permit) and a short-stay Q2 for visits.

🇧🇬Republic of Bulgaria(1 route)

  • Family Reunification Residence (Bulgaria)

    If a close family member already lives lawfully in Bulgaria, this route lets you join them and build toward settlement together.

🇷🇴Romania(1 route)

  • Family Reunification (Romania)

    If a close family member already lives lawfully in Romania, this route lets you join them and build toward settlement together.

🇦🇲Republic of Armenia(1 route)

  • Temporary Residence for Family (Armenia)

    If you have close family ties to an Armenian resident or citizen, this residence route lets you live in Armenia with them and build toward settlement.

🇦🇱Republic of Albania(1 route)

  • Family Reunification (Albania)

    If a close family member already holds residence in Albania, this route lets you join them and build toward settlement together.

🇲🇦Kingdom of Morocco(1 route)

  • Family Residence Card (regroupement familial)

    For the spouse and children of someone already settled in Morocco: this family-reunion residence card (regroupement familial) lets close family members live in Morocco on the basis of their relationship to a resident or to a Moroccan national.

🇧🇼Republic of Botswana(2 routes)

  • Residence Permit - Spouse of a Botswana Citizen

    For the foreign husband or wife of a Botswana citizen: this category of the residence permit lets you live in Botswana on the basis of your marriage, and it can place you on the path toward longer-term settlement.

  • Residence Permit - Dependants

    For dependent family members of someone living in Botswana: this category of the residence permit lets dependants, including younger adults (18-25) and older relatives (65+), reside on the basis of their sponsor, applied for through the Department of Immigration and Citizenship.

🇰🇿Republic of Kazakhstan(1 route)

  • Family Residence (reunification)

    For you if a close family member lives in Kazakhstan: this route lets you join them and live there, normally on a temporary residence permit based on your family relationship.

🇺🇿Republic of Uzbekistan(1 route)

  • Family Visa and Residence (reunification)

    For you if a close family member lives in Uzbekistan: this route lets you join them on the basis of family reunification and build towards longer-term residence.

🇳🇵Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal(1 route)

  • Relation (Dependent) Visa

    For you if you have a close family member in Nepal: the Relation Visa lets relatives of a Nepali citizen, or dependents of certain visa holders, stay on the basis of the family relationship.

🇲🇪Montenegro(1 route)

  • Temporary Residence for Family Reunification (Montenegro)

    If a close family member already lives lawfully in Montenegro, this route lets you join them and build toward settlement together.

🇲🇩Republic of Moldova(1 route)

  • Temporary Residence for Family Reunification (Moldova)

    If a close family member already lives lawfully in Moldova, this route lets you join them and build toward settlement together.

🇸🇮Republic of Slovenia(1 route)

  • Temporary Residence for Family Reunification (Slovenia)

    If a close family member already lives lawfully in Slovenia, this route lets you join them and build toward settlement together.

🇵🇪Republic of Peru(1 route)

  • Resident Family Member (Familiar Residente)

    For close family of a Peruvian or of a foreign resident: this category lets you live in Peru as part of the family unit, based on your relationship to your sponsoring relative.

🇯🇴Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan(1 route)

  • Family / Follower Residency

    For families joining a resident in Jordan: this "follower" residency lets a spouse and children reside with a primary residence-permit holder or a Jordanian family member.

🇫🇯Republic of Fiji(1 route)

  • Special Purpose / Co-Extensive Permit to Reside with a Family Member

    For people joining a family member in Fiji: this lets a spouse or dependent reside with a permit holder or, in some cases, with a Fiji citizen family member.

🇯🇲Jamaica(1 route)

  • Marriage Exemption Certificate (spouse of a Jamaican)

    For people married to a Jamaican: a Marriage Exemption Certificate lets you work in Jamaica without a work permit, with your stay endorsed by PICA.

🇦🇿Republic of Azerbaijan(1 route)

  • Temporary Residence Permit (family ties)

    For you if you have close family in Azerbaijan: a temporary residence permit can be granted on the basis of a family relationship to an Azerbaijani citizen or a resident, letting you live in the country and, in time, move toward permanent residence.

🇹🇹Republic of Trinidad and Tobago(2 routes)

  • Residence as Spouse of a Citizen or Resident

    For people married to a Trinidad and Tobago citizen or resident: this is the family route to residence, based on your marriage rather than on time in the country.

  • Residence as a Sponsored Parent or Grandparent

    For parents and grandparents of a Trinidad and Tobago citizen or resident: this family route lets your son, daughter or grandchild sponsor you for residence in the country.

🇮🇸Iceland(1 route)

  • Residence Permit for Family Reunification (Iceland)

    If a close family member is an Icelandic citizen or holds a qualifying permit, this route lets you join them and build toward settlement together.

🇱🇹Republic of Lithuania(1 route)

  • Temporary Residence for Family Reunification (Lithuania)

    If a close family member lives lawfully in Lithuania, this route lets you join them and build toward settlement together.

🇧🇿Belize(1 route)

  • Family Residence (Spouse and Dependants)

    For spouses and dependants of someone settled in Belize: this family route lets you live in the country based on your relationship to a Belizean or a resident.

🇬🇹Republic of Guatemala(1 route)

  • Temporary Residence - Family (Residencia por motivos Familiares)

    For close family of a Guatemalan or of a resident: this residence lets you live in Guatemala based on your family relationship, such as being a spouse, child or parent.

🇱🇻Republic of Latvia(1 route)

  • Residence Permit for Family Reunification (Latvia)

    If a close family member lives lawfully in Latvia, this route lets you join them and build toward settlement together.

🇸🇰Slovak Republic(1 route)

  • Temporary Residence for Family Reunification (Slovakia)

    If a close family member lives lawfully in Slovakia, this route lets you join them and build toward settlement together.

🇻🇺Republic of Vanuatu(1 route)

  • Residence Visa (Partner / Child ground)

    For the partner or child of someone settled in Vanuatu - for example a Vanuatu citizen or a resident. The visa is granted on the family relationship and supported by the sponsoring family member.

🇲🇳Mongolia(1 route)

  • Private and Family Residence (H-series)

    For you if you have close family in Mongolia or are joining a relative there: this route gives you a residence permit on private or family grounds, supported by an invitation and proof of your relationship.

🇰🇼State of Kuwait(1 route)

  • Article 22 Family / Dependent Residency

    For the spouse and children of someone already resident in Kuwait. The resident family member sponsors you, and the residency is tied to their status - like all Kuwaiti residency it is fixed-term, with no permanent residence for expatriates.

🇧🇳Brunei Darussalam(1 route)

  • Dependent Pass (family of pass holders)

    For you if your spouse or parent holds a Brunei work pass: the Dependent Pass lets close family live in Brunei for the validity of the main holder's pass - though it does not, by itself, let you work.

🇱🇮Principality of Liechtenstein(1 route)

  • Family Reunification (Liechtenstein)

    If a close family member holds a Liechtenstein residence permit or is a citizen, this route lets you join them - though the same tight quota system shapes the timing.

Frequently asked questions

How many family visa routes are there across these destinations?+−

We cover 75 family routes across 72 of our 109 destinations. Residence routes for spouses, partners, children, and (in some cases) parents.

Which countries offer family visas?+−

Among our destinations, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland, Federal Republic of Germany, Portuguese Republic, Kingdom of Spain, Kingdom of the Netherlands, Canada, Commonwealth of Australia, United States of America, Republic of Singapore, New Zealand, French Republic, Swiss Confederation, Republic of Korea, Republic of Austria, Kingdom of Denmark, United Mexican States, Federative Republic of Brazil, Argentine Republic, Republic of Chile, Oriental Republic of Uruguay, Republic of South Africa, Republic of Kenya, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, Kingdom of Thailand, State of Qatar, State of Israel, Republic of Türkiye, Republic of Indonesia, Republic of the Philippines, Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Republic of Colombia, Republic of Costa Rica, Republic of Panama, Arab Republic of Egypt, Republic of Ghana, Kingdom of Bahrain, Sultanate of Oman, Georgia, Republic of Croatia, Hungary, Republic of Serbia, People's Republic of China, Republic of Bulgaria, Romania, Republic of Armenia, Republic of Albania, Kingdom of Morocco, Republic of Botswana, Republic of Kazakhstan, Republic of Uzbekistan, Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, Montenegro, Republic of Moldova, Republic of Slovenia, Republic of Peru, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Republic of Fiji, Jamaica, Republic of Azerbaijan, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Iceland, Republic of Lithuania, Belize, Republic of Guatemala, Republic of Latvia, Slovak Republic, Republic of Vanuatu, Mongolia, State of Kuwait, Brunei Darussalam, Principality of Liechtenstein have family routes. Open any country group above for its specific routes and official sources.